Bøger om Iran

Over the past few decades, whilst evading severe governmental restrictions in Iran, the Iranian Evangelical diaspora has grown across Turkey, Germany, the Netherlands, the US and the UK. Far from the censorship of the Islamic Republic, Iranian Evangelical pastors and ministers publish Persian-language Christian magazines and online videos with the aim to reach the transnational Iranian Christian community, as well as potential converts in Iran. This book explores notions of nationhood and diasporic dwelling in the religious narratives and practices of Iranian Christian exilic communities, showing how claims to the authenticity of a distinct Iranian-Christian identity are constructed. Examining abundant source material available in the Iranian Christian exilic milieu, the book draws extensively upon five unstudied series of Persian-language Christian exile magazines published between the early 1990s and the 2020s, Persian-language video material and a number of interviews with Iranian Christian pastors with leadership positions in the Iranian Christian diaspora. These sources demonstrate the significance of exile and religious affiliation as key factors shaping diasporic images of the homeland and visions of a future return. Benedikt Römer weaves the history and contemporary story of the Iranian Christian community together, placing it in the context of a wider ongoing religious transformation in Iranian society.

This book examines Iran and North Korea from a non-proliferation lens. It highlights how these two countries stand out as nuclear challenges vis-à-vis the NPT and unpacks their nuclear history, recent developments, nuclear resolve in the times of the pandemic and future challenges in a comprehensive manner. It shows how these two issues remain similar, distinguished, dynamic but static so far progress on non-proliferation is concerned.The book will be a valuable read for students, scholars, academicians, policy practitioners and anyone invested and interested in nuclear issues.

Rethinking the history of African enslavement in the western Indian Ocean through the lens of Iranian cinema   From the East African and Red Sea coasts to the Persian Gulf ports of Bushihr, Kish, and Hurmuz, sailing and caravan networks supplied Iran and the surrounding regions with African slave labor from antiquity to the nineteenth century. This book reveals how Iranian cinema preserves the legacy of this vast and yet long-overlooked history that has come to be known as Indian Ocean slavery.   How does a focus on blackness complicate traditional understandings of history and culture? Parisa Vaziri addresses this question by looking at residues of the Indian Ocean slave trade in Iranian films from the second half of the twentieth century. Revealing the politicized clash between commercial cinema (fi¿lmfärsi¿) and alternative filmmaking (the Iranian New Wave), she pays particular attention to the healing ritual z¿r, which is both an African slave descendent practice and a constitutive element of Iranian culture, as well as to cinematic s¿y¿h b¿z¿ (Persian black play). Moving beyond other studies on Indian Ocean and trans-Saharan slavery, Vaziri highlights the crystallization of a singular mode of historicity within these cinematic examples—one of “absence” that reflects the relative dearth of archival information on the facts surrounding Indian Ocean slavery.   Bringing together cinema studies, Middle East studies, Black studies, and postcolonial theory, Racial Blackness and Indian Ocean Slavery explores African enslavement in the Indian Ocean through the revelatory and little-known history of Iranian cinema. It shows that Iranian film reveals a resistance to facticity representative of the history of African enslavement in the Indian Ocean and preserves the legacy of African slavery’s longue durée in ways that resist its overpowering erasure in the popular and historical imagination.     Retail e-book files for this title are screen-reader friendly with images accompanied by short alt text and/or extended descriptions.

Only 100 years ago the main means of transportation in Iran was by quadruped. Transportation & Technology in Iran, 1800-1940, by renowned Iranian studies scholar Willem Floor is an in-depth, illustrated, four-part study of the subject. Until the 1920s Iran had no more than 700 kilometers of roads suitable for motor vehicles, which situation greatly impeded Iran's economic development. Caravans traveled 40 km/day, though travelers in a hurry could cover 150 km/day when using the courier system (chapar), which is the subject of part 1. Wheeled transportation, (in part 2 of the books) was rare and limited to only a few parts of country due to the lack of roads. This situation underwent change when carriages became popular in urban areas and on the few modern roads after 1890. Motorized transportation grew in importance after 1921 and really took off in the 1930s, with the construction of a new road network. As a result, newer, more powerful trucks reduced the cost of transportation significantly, thus lowering the cost of retail goods. The increase of motorized transport also meant that car dealers, import rules, mechanics, garages, supply of spare parts, and gasoline distribution as well as traffic regulations had to be created ex nihilo; All these processes are detailed in the book. Like cars, bicycles and motorcycles also were increasingly used as of the 1920s, thus increasing choice in people's mobility. More road traffic also implied that travelers needed places to spend the night and eat. The change from caravanserais to guest-houses and hotels is discussed in part 3. These changes in transportation methods did not come alone, for other modern tools of change such as the sewing machine and the typewriter also made their appearance and had a major impact on people's availability and use of time. Finally, the piano made its entry onto the Iranian musical scene, and although not perfectly in tune with the traditional Iranian musical system, it is now as much part of music making in Iran as the tar and santur (part 4 of the book). All these changes and new technologies did not happen overnight or without problems, and slow adoption initially was limited to the upper-class. However, with falling prices and changing needs and policies these new technologies eventually reached a larger public and the idea that they once were 'exotic' and 'out of reach' is now inconceivable to Iranians. The studies in this book provide a new vantage point and understanding of the transfer of modern technology for scholars of the social-economic and cultural history of the Middle East.

"Focusing on the formation of the Qajar empire in Iran, this book draws attention to continuities between the Safavid and Qajar periods. By situating the formation of Qajar Iran in its early nineteenth-century context, Assef Ashraf is able to highlight the overarching themes of transition and change"--

The book situates Iran within the motions and tendencies of global capitalism and resulting geopolitics to analyse the process of Iranian neoliberalisation and its impacts on the reconfiguration of the ruling class; reshaping of the subaltern classes and their struggles; reorganisation of the form of the state; and foreign policy of the country.

Abbott makes reading history easy. Xerxes the Great is the Ahaseurus of the Book of Esther in the Bible. He was also the one whose army was drastically reduced by the famous 300! This is a fascinating insight into the man and life at that time. (JennyF)About the authorJacob Abbott (November 14, 1803 - October 31, 1879) was an American writer of children's books. On November 14, 1803, Abbott was born in Hallowell, Maine to Jacob Abbott II and Betsey Chandler. He attended the Hallowell Academy. Abbott graduated from Bowdoin College in 1820. At some point during his years there, he supposedly added the second "t" to his surname, to avoid being "Jacob Abbot the 3rd" (although one source notes he did not actually begin signing his name with two t's until several years later).Abbott studied at Andover Theological Seminary in 1821, 1822, and 1824. He taught in Portland academy and was tutor in Amherst College during the next year. From 1825 to 1829 Abbott was professor of mathematics and natural philosophy at Amherst College; was licensed to preach by the Hampshire Association in 1826; founded the Mount Vernon School for Young Ladies in Boston in 1829, and was principal of it in 1829-1833; was pastor of Eliot Congregational Church (which he founded), at Roxbury, Massachusetts in 1834-1835; and was, with his brothers, a founder, and in 1843-1851 a principal of Abbott's Institute, and in 1845-1848 of the Mount Vernon School for Boys, in New York City.He was a prolific author, writing juvenile fiction, brief histories, biographies, religious books for the general reader, and a few works in popular science. He wrote 180 books and was a coauthor or editor of 31 more. He died in Farmington, Maine, where he had spent part of his time after 1839, and where his brother, Samuel Phillips Abbott, founded the Abbott School.His Rollo Books, such as Rollo at Play, Rollo in Europe, etc., are the best known of his writings, having as their chief characters a representative boy and his associates. In them Abbott did for one or two generations of young American readers a service not unlike that performed earlier, in England and America, by the authors of Evenings at Home, The History of Sandford and Merton, and The Parent's Assistant. To follow up his Rollo books, he wrote of Uncle George, using him to teach the young readers about ethics, geography, history, and science. He also wrote 22 volumes of biographical histories and a 10 volume set titled the Franconia Stories. (wikipedia.org)

Widely regarded in his lifetime as the greatest living authority on all things Iranian, across an enormous range of disciplines, Albert Houtum Schindler lived and worked in Iran from 1868 to 1911. All who either met or corresponded with him came away praising his encyclopaedic knowledge and remarkable insight. A member of numerous learned societies in Europe, he sustained a wide web of intellectual contacts and was insatiably curious. As an employee of the Indo-European Telegraph Department, the Imperial Bank of Persia and the Persian Bank Mining Rights Corporation, he experienced firsthand the ups and downs of Iran's slow but inexorable movement towards modernity. Yet when he died in 1916 his obituaries were frustratingly brief. Private when it came to the details of his personal life, Albert Houtum Schindler gave little away. This book is the first full-scale examination of the life and legacy of an extraordinary witness to the late-Qajar period and the land, people and history of Iran.

The monograph analyzes the role of the ideal in the spiritual being of the individual, the place of the aesthetic ideal, the ontological basis of the unity of morality and aesthetics, the constructive manifestation of the aesthetic ideal in the individual and his mind, the syncretism of morality-aesthetics in the spiritual being of the individual, institutional and functional changes in the aesthetic ideal of. This monograph: aimed at scientific researchers, students studying at the undergraduate and graduate levels in the higher education system, independent researchers and wide-ranging readers interested in the aesthetic ideal of the individual.

Two manuscripts in one book:The Persians: An Enthralling Guide to the History of Persia and the Persian EmpireCyrus the Great: The Enthralling Life of the Father of the Persian EmpireThroughout history, Persia made great contributions to the language and culture of the region. Nomadic movements and changing empires meant it was a hub of continuous cultural exploration and development. The Persians established and spread new ways of government, administration, and currency. The region is also the birthplace of Zoroastrianism and new ways of thinking and art.In the first part of this book, you will discover the following:How the Assyrian Empire gave rise to the Medians and then the Achaemenid dynastyThe establishment of the Persian Empire by Cyrus the Great and his many expeditions, which helped build the greatest empire of its timeThe period of Achaemenid rule over Persia, stretching from Cambyses II to Darius IIIThe Achaemenid takeover of Lydia, Egypt, the Indus Valley, Babylonia, and Asia MinorAchaemenid conflicts with Greece, which ultimately led to the empire's downfall at the hands of Alexander the GreatThe political, cultural, religious, and social influence of the Achaemenid Empire in and around ancient PersiaCyrus the Great was a remarkable man who became a legend in his own lifetime. The greatest testament to his good character and great achievements came to us via Persia's enemies: the Greeks. It is said he served as an inspiration to Alexander the Great and Julius Caesar. Cyrus gained such hero status that his heritage was still claimed by the last shahs of Iran in the 20th century CE.In the second part of this book, you will discover more about the following:The life of Cyrus the Great: both as a monarch and as a man.A dip into the milieu of cultures, influences, and worldviews of Cyrus's timeCyrus's multi-faceted Achaemenid EmpireMythology and religions of the eraHow Cyrus achieved harmony between conquerors and conqueredThe fall of the splendid city of BabylonA unique artifact that ties in with modern-day human rightsCyrus the Great's legacyAnd so much more!

A provocative reinterpretation of the tumultuous late '70s and early '80s in the Middle East

WHO AM I?This question is the basis and root of all spirituality. The method of answering it is by self-inquiry. The only thing to be known is the Self; but it, like the Knower, is no knowledge at all, so it cannot be directly perceived.Life passes quickly and one does not inquire into what one is. Is there anything of more importance in the sensory life? The mind wanders behind hundreds and thousands of other questions, postponing the most essential one. One cannot know what the Self is, directly, since it is the unmanifest Absolute, but one can abide as the Self internally.This is the natural and eternal state of what one Is. Due to the defect of the ego we identify ourselves through the mind with the physical body. Inquiring into what the ego is, we finally perceive that it is made of the material of illusion, and that when it disappears the Self shines forth in its own state and nature.

The unique role of Special Forces Berlin in the attempted rescue of the American hostages in Tehran.

The Iranian Plateau has an extensive history dating back to 100,000 BCE!Today, Persia is known as the country of Iran, but long ago, Persia was once home to various nomadic tribes. It saw the rise of many empires and dynasties. The Assyrians fell to the Medians, who paved the way for the emergence of the Achaemenid Empire, one of the greatest empires in ancient history.Throughout history, Persia made great contributions to the language and culture of the region. Nomadic movements and changing empires meant it was a hub of continuous cultural exploration and development. The Persians established and spread new ways of government, administration, and currency. The region is also the birthplace of Zoroastrianism and new ways of thinking and art.The rise of the Achaemenid Empire is one of the most influential periods in world history. With Cyrus the Great and Darius I, the empire rose to unrivaled heights, gathering vast wealth and territories. Learn how this great empire declined and the role Alexander the Great played in it.This book offers an enthralling insight into the exciting and often bloody history of ancient Persia and the Persian Empire.By reading this book, you will discover the following:How the Assyrian Empire gave rise to the Medians and then the Achaemenid dynastyThe establishment of the Persian Empire by Cyrus the Great and his many expeditions, which helped build the greatest empire of its timeThe period of Achaemenid rule over Persia, stretching from Cambyses II to Darius IIIThe Achaemenid takeover of Lydia, Egypt, the Indus Valley, Babylonia, and Asia MinorAchaemenid conflicts with Greece, which ultimately led to the empire's downfall at the hands of Alexander the GreatThe political, cultural, religious, and social influence of the Achaemenid Empire in and around ancient PersiaAnd so much more!

In Russian Sources on Iran, 1719-1748, polyglot scholar Willem Floor brings together annotated translations of reports by officials in Russian service that so far have either been used rarely by scholars, or not at all. It includes a detailed account of the mapping of the Caspian Sea by a Russian team from 1719 to 1720; and the Russian occupations of Derbend in 1722, of Baku in 1723; and of Gilan in 1724. There is also a comprehensive report of the locations and characteristics of the various ethnic groups living in Azerbaijan in 1728. As well as two reports by Persian officials about the events that led to the downfall of the Safavid dynasty. Next follows a travelogue that describes the Russian withdrawal from occupied Iranian territory, as well as an itinerary of Prince Golitsin's embassy to the court of Nader Shah in 1732. A Russian consul's report on Reza Qoli Mirza's assassination attempt of Nader Shah and its aftermath is followed by a detailed and very interesting account of Prince Golitsin's second embassy to Iran in 1747. This coincided with Nader Shah's murder, and describes the impact of this event on Gilan. Apart from political information, these original sources stand out for their wealth of information on natural and socio-economic history of the regions visited. This book is a must read for any student of Iranian History.

Abbott is an excellent story teller and historian. Though short, his series on history serves as an excellent primer. (Patrick Trester)About the authorJacob Abbott (November 14, 1803 - October 31, 1879) was an American writer of children's books. On November 14, 1803, Abbott was born in Hallowell, Maine to Jacob Abbott II and Betsey Chandler. He attended the Hallowell Academy. Abbott graduated from Bowdoin College in 1820. At some point during his years there, he supposedly added the second "t" to his surname, to avoid being "Jacob Abbot the 3rd" (although one source notes he did not actually begin signing his name with two t's until several years later).Abbott studied at Andover Theological Seminary in 1821, 1822, and 1824. He taught in Portland academy and was tutor in Amherst College during the next year. From 1825 to 1829 Abbott was professor of mathematics and natural philosophy at Amherst College; was licensed to preach by the Hampshire Association in 1826; founded the Mount Vernon School for Young Ladies in Boston in 1829, and was principal of it in 1829-1833; was pastor of Eliot Congregational Church (which he founded), at Roxbury, Massachusetts in 1834-1835; and was, with his brothers, a founder, and in 1843-1851 a principal of Abbott's Institute, and in 1845-1848 of the Mount Vernon School for Boys, in New York City.He was a prolific author, writing juvenile fiction, brief histories, biographies, religious books for the general reader, and a few works in popular science. He wrote 180 books and was a coauthor or editor of 31 more. He died in Farmington, Maine, where he had spent part of his time after 1839, and where his brother, Samuel Phillips Abbott, founded the Abbott School.His Rollo Books, such as Rollo at Play, Rollo in Europe, etc., are the best known of his writings, having as their chief characters a representative boy and his associates. In them Abbott did for one or two generations of young American readers a service not unlike that performed earlier, in England and America, by the authors of Evenings at Home, The History of Sandford and Merton, and The Parent's Assistant. To follow up his Rollo books, he wrote of Uncle George, using him to teach the young readers about ethics, geography, history, and science. He also wrote 22 volumes of biographical histories and a 10 volume set titled the Franconia Stories. (wikipedia.org)

The research titled ¿Anthropometric Study of Nasal Index of North Indians w.s.r. to Su¿rutokta N¿s¿ Pram¿¿a ¿¿r¿rä comprises chapters entitled as Introduction, Aims and Objectives, Review of literature, Material, and methodology, Observation and results, Discussion, Conclusion, and Summary.Introduction:Need of the topic selection, Concept of pram¿¿a ¿¿r¿ra, äguli pram¿¿a, Anthropometry, n¿s¿ pram¿¿a ¿¿r¿ra, aims and objectives of the study, previous work done in this aspect and layout of the thesis. Review of literature:It includes the sub-topic of ¿yurvedic review and modern review.Ayurvedic review: It includes a detailed description of the Historical review (description of pram¿¿a ¿¿r¿ra and n¿s¿ pram¿¿a ¿¿r¿ra in Vedic and ancient literature).This is followed by m¿na, pram¿¿a, ägula, n¿s¿ ¿¿¿¿ra, n¿s¿ pram¿¿a ¿¿r¿ra, importance of n¿s¿ pram¿¿a ¿¿r¿ra, N¿s¿ sädh¿na, importance of pram¿¿a ¿¿r¿ra in Su¿ruta sähit¿ and its commentaries.