Matematik, fysik og kemi

This is the first self-contained introduction to the use of string diagrams to reason in elementary category theory. Written in an informal expository style, it features hundreds of carefully chosen diagrams to aid understanding. With numerous worked examples and exercises, the text is ideal for graduate students and advanced undergraduates.

Arranged in chronological order from the early Greek mathematicians, Euclid and Archimedes through to present-day Nobel Prize winners, 100 Science Discoveries That Changed the World charts the great breakthroughs in scientific understanding.Each entry describes the story of the research, the significance of the science and its impact on the scientific world. There is also a resume of each scientist's career along with their other achievements, sometimes - in the case of Isaac Newton - in a completely unrelated field (laws of motion and the component parts of light).The book covers all branches of science: geometry, number theory, cosmology, the laws of motion, particle physics, electricity, magnetism, the laws of gasses, optical theory, cell biology, conservation of energy, natural selection, radiation, quantum theory, special relativity, superconductivity, thermodynamics, genomes, plate tectonics, and the uncertainty principal.Scientists include: Albert Einstein, Alessandro Volta, Alexander Fleming, Amedeo Avogrado, Andre Geim, Antoine Lavoisier, Antony van Leeuwenhoek, Archimedes, Benoit Mandelbrot, Carl Friedrich Gauss, Charles Darwin, Christian Doppler, Copernicus, Crick and Watson, Dmitri Mendeleev, Edwin Hubble, Enrico Fermi, Ernest Rutherford, Erwin Schrodinger, Euclid, Fermat, Frederick Sanger, Galileo Galilei, Georg Ohm, Georges Lemaitre, Heike Kamerlingh, Isaac Newton, Jacques Charles, James Clerk Maxwell, James Prescott Joule, Jean Buridan, Johanes Kepler, John Ambrose Fleming, John Dalton, John O'Keefe, Joseph Black, Josiah Gibbs, Lord Kelvin, Lord Rayleigh, Louis Pasteur, Marie Curie, Martinus Beijerinck, Michael Faraday, Murray Gell-Mann & George Zweig, Neils Bohr, Nicholas Steno, Peter Higgs, Pierre Curie, Ptolemy, Robert Boyle, Robert Brown, Robert Hooke, Roger Bacon, Rudolf Clausius, Seleucus, Shen Kuo, Stanley Miller, Tyco Brahe, Werner Heisenberg, William Gilbert, William Harvey, William Herschel, William Rontgen, Wolfgang Pauli.

Brian Clegg was always fascinated by Isaac Asimov's classic Foundation series of books, in which the future is predicted using sophisticated mathematical modelling of human psychology and behaviour.Only much later did he realise that Asimov's 'psychohistory' had a real-world equivalent: game theory.Originating in the study of probabilistic gambling games that depend on a random source - the throw of a dice or the toss of a coin - game theory soon came to be applied to human interactions: essentially, what was the best strategy to win, whatever you were doing? Its mathematical techniques have been applied, with varying degrees of wisdom, to fields such as economics, evolution, and questions such as how to win a nuclear war.Clegg delves into game theory's colourful history and significant findings, and shows what we can all learn from this oft-misunderstood field of study.

This well-known undergraduate electrodynamics textbook is now available in a more affordable printing from Cambridge University Press. The Fourth Edition provides a rigorous, yet clear and accessible treatment of the fundamentals of electromagnetic theory and offers a sound platform for explorations of related applications (AC circuits, antennas, transmission lines, plasmas, optics and more). Written keeping in mind the conceptual hurdles typically faced by undergraduate students, this textbook illustrates the theoretical steps with well-chosen examples and careful illustrations. It balances text and equations, allowing the physics to shine through without compromising the rigour of the math, and includes numerous problems, varying from straightforward to elaborate, so that students can be assigned some problems to build their confidence and others to stretch their minds. A Solutions Manual is available to instructors teaching from the book; access can be requested from the resources section at www.cambridge.org/electrodynamics.

Today complex numbers have such widespread practical use--from electrical engineering to aeronautics--that few people would expect the story behind their derivation to be filled with adventure and enigma. In An Imaginary Tale, Paul Nahin tells the 2000-year-old history of one of mathematics' most elusive numbers, the square root of minus one, also known as i. He recreates the baffling mathematical problems that conjured it up, and the colorful characters who tried to solve them.In 1878, when two brothers stole a mathematical papyrus from the ancient Egyptian burial site in the Valley of Kings, they led scholars to the earliest known occurrence of the square root of a negative number. The papyrus offered a specific numerical example of how to calculate the volume of a truncated square pyramid, which implied the need for i. In the first century, the mathematician-engineer Heron of Alexandria encountered I in a separate project, but fudged the arithmetic; medieval mathematicians stumbled upon the concept while grappling with the meaning of negative numbers, but dismissed their square roots as nonsense. By the time of Descartes, a theoretical use for these elusive square roots--now called "e;imaginary numbers"e;--was suspected, but efforts to solve them led to intense, bitter debates. The notorious i finally won acceptance and was put to use in complex analysis and theoretical physics in Napoleonic times.Addressing readers with both a general and scholarly interest in mathematics, Nahin weaves into this narrative entertaining historical facts and mathematical discussions, including the application of complex numbers and functions to important problems, such as Kepler's laws of planetary motion and ac electrical circuits. This book can be read as an engaging history, almost a biography, of one of the most evasive and pervasive "e;numbers"e; in all of mathematics.Some images inside the book are unavailable due to digital copyright restrictions.

Are you looking for a simple and understandable introduction to the basics of electrical engineering and electronics? Then this book is for you! As an engineer (M.Eng.), I would like to teach you the basics of electrical engineering and electronics. This book offers you an easy-to-understand, intuitively structured, and practical introduction to the world of electrical engineering!What is current and voltage? What is charge? What is power and what is 1 kWh? How does an electric motor work? What is the difference between direct and alternating current? This electrical engineering handbook gives answers to all these questions, and covers many other topics in depth and detail.In addition, this compact beginner's guide will quickly and easily teach you the functions and applications of important electronic components such as resistors, diodes, transistors, capacitors, and much more. This book offers you a comprehensive yet compact introduction to the basics of electrical engineering and electronics!In addition to important basic terms and principles, you will learn how to analyze circuits (Kirchhoff's Laws), what a bipolar transistor is, what a MOSFET is, and how an RLC circuit is designed. We will also look at what happens when you place an inductor in a magnetic field, and what practical applications these basic principles have in our modern world. Of course, we will also do some calculations and learn the mathematical equations behind the basic principles of electrical engineering in each chapter. However, depending on how deep you want to go into the material, you could also skip the mathematical parts.This Fundamentals book is intended for anyone who has no prior knowledge of electrical and electronic engineering, or who has some knowledge but is looking for a practical and understandable guide. No matter what age you are, what profession you have, whether you are a student, an employee, or a retiree. This book is for anyone who wants or needs to learn about electrical engineering and electronics.The goal of this book is to introduce you to how electrical engineering accompanies us in our daily lives and the basic principles involved. In addition, you will learn the basics of DC and AC technology, their theoretical background, and much more! Develop a basic understanding of electrical engineering and electronics in no time!So, do not hesitate any longer, take a look inside and get your copy as ebook or paperback!Briefly summarized, you can learn the following in detail:- Basic concepts and basic quantities of electrical engineering- How to analyze and solve electrical engineering circuits- Ohm's Law, Ampere's Law and Farady's Law- Components such as resistor, diode (e.g. LED), transistor, capacitor, transformer, ..., and how they work and what they are used for- The difference between direct current and alternating current, as well as single-phase and multi-phase systems- How does electricity enter the home? Getting to know the power supply system- Direct current and alternating current motors and their structure / mode of operation- Outlook: Renewable energy sources such as photovoltaic and wind power- and much more!Take a look inside and get your copy as an ebook or paperback!

The perfect gift for anyone with a desire to see the Northern Lights. Discover the incomparable beauty of the Northern Lights with this accessible guide for aspiring astronomers and seasoned night sky observers. Covers the essential equipment needed for observation and photography and full of stunning photographs.

Introduction to the Practice of Statistics is the classic textbook for teaching statistics. This textbook shows students how to produce and interpret data from real-world contexts, guiding them through the type of data gathering and analysis that working statisticians do every day. With this phenomenally successful approach developed by David Moore and George McCabe, statistics is more than just a collection of techniques and formulas. Instead, students develop a way of thinking about data with a focus on problem-solving that helps them understand concepts and master statistical reasoning. Part of the best-selling Moore family of statistics books, Introduction to the Practice of Statistics is designed for a two-semester 'introduction to statistics' course and offers a rigorous introduction to the subject. This textbook is available on LaunchPad, which combines an interactive ebook with multimedia content and assessment tools, including LearningCurve adaptive quizzing. See 'Instructor Resources' and 'Student Resources' for further information.

It's the greatest whodunnit mystery of the century: how did the first detected outbreak of Covid-19 start in Wuhan city? We know that the natural reservoir of SARS-related coronaviruses is in bats, but we do not how, where, and when SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for Covid-19, acquired the ability to begin infecting people.

Beginning graduate students in mathematical sciences and related areas in physical and computer sciences and engineering are expected to be familiar with a daunting breadth of mathematics, but few have such a background. This bestselling book helps students fill in the gaps in their knowledge. Thomas A. Garrity explains the basic points and a few key results of all the most important undergraduate topics in mathematics, emphasizing the intuitions behind the subject. The explanations are accompanied by numerous examples, exercises and suggestions for further reading that allow the reader to test and develop their understanding of these core topics. Featuring four new chapters and many other improvements, this second edition of All the Math You Missed is an essential resource for advanced undergraduates and beginning graduate students who need to learn some serious mathematics quickly.

A short, practical, timely guide to the tools you need to understand the numbers we read in the news everyday - and how we often get them wrong

This book presents key modeling and prediction techniques, along with relevant applications. Topics include linear regression, classification, resampling methods, shrinkage approaches, tree-based methods, support vector machines, and clustering.

To make an apple pie, one first needs to build a universe. A brilliantly accessible introduction to today's physics by a young academic and educator.

As a fundamental aspect of our knowledge of the physical world, quantum mechanics remains a vital subject in physics. This is a collection of the late Richard P Feynman's lectures. It is suitable for students of physics and those seeking an introduction to the field from the inimitable Richard Feynman.

"Fascinating...Frenkel deftly takes the reader from the beginnings of this mathematical symphony to the far reaches of our current understanding." -Nature

'We became the 'chief guinea pigs' for the British Gut Project where we discovered that despite us having 100% the same DNA our guts have only 40% the same microbiota... Thus our 'gut journey' began.'With practical advice throughout from gut experts, this is a fact-packed, achievable guide for better health.