Bøger af Asian Development Bank

Presents a factual overview of the design and implementation of the Korean Emissions Trading Scheme, focusing on lessons from its implementation and opportunities under the Paris Agreement. The report provides information to assist other countries that are designing or considering an emissions trading system.

The Joint Crediting Mechanism (JCM) is an emerging project-based bilateral offset crediting mechanism initiated by the Government of Japan to facilitate implementation of advanced low-carbon technologies for mitigating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in host countries. The Government of Japan has signed bilateral agreements with 16 countries for implementing JCM projects, including 10 developing member countries of the Asian Development Bank. As of September 2016, four of 15 projects registered as JCM projects have been issued JCM credits. JCM credits may be used to meet respective GHG emission reduction targets of relevant governments and project participants. This handbook provides project participants and stakeholders the procedural steps of JCM project development cycle leading up to the issuance of JCM credits.

Growth prospects in developing Asia are on the rise, buoyed by a rebound in global trade as solid recovery takes hold in the major industrial economies, and by strong investment demand. Also lifting regional prospects is growth in the People's Republic of China that exceeds expectations. Consumer prices are contained, and external balances under control, as global food and oil prices recover modestly. Risks to the outlook have become more balanced since April forecasts in this series. The advanced economies have so far avoided sharp, unexpected changes to their macroeconomic policies. Further, the fuel price rise is providing fiscal relief to oil exporters but is measured enough not to destabilize oil importers. To meet the region's infrastructure needs, developing Asia must mobilize $1.7 trillion annually. However, even factoring in funds saved through public finance reform or received from multilateral agencies, a significant financing gap remains. This Update highlights how public-private partnership can help fill the financing gap and improve infrastructure delivery by allocating risk to the party best able to manage it. Public-private partnership effectively marshals the private sector's most valued strengths to meet public sector objectives. Where appropriately implemented, this innovative tool can yield superior development results.

Inclusive businesses will help the poor to engage more fully in economic activity, thus, the need to provide them access to innovative modes of financing.

Highlights challenges in implementing toll road projects relevant to the circumstances of CAREC countries and is intended as a practical resource for policy makers.

Reviews recent developments in East Asian local currency bond markets along with the outlook, risks, and policy options. It covers the 10 members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations plus the People's Republic of China; Hong Kong, China; and the Republic of Korea.

Illustrates the current state of inclusive business models in the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) economies.

Market scoping study for inclusive business in the People's Republic of China (PRC) and companies from the PRC operating abroad was commissioned by ADB in July 2016.

Asia and the Pacific has a significant rise in migration: about one in three migrants comes from Asia according to the United Nations. Remittances from migrants have provided foreign exchange earnings for many countries in the region.

The ASEAN judiciaries reviewed their agreements on how they see, and aimed to fulfill, their role in protecting the environment, advancing environmental justice, and upholding the rule of law at the Sixth Roundtable held in the Philippines.

This document was prepared as a supplement to the Asian Water Development Outlook 2016. It provides background information and explanatory notes on the approach taken, assumptions made, and data used. The methodology itself has been developed by the Asian Development Bank (ADB) in cooperation with reputed scientific institutes who have co-authored the individual reports for each of the five key dimensions of water security. These five reports are integrated into this methodology report. This study was supported by ADB's Water Financing Partnership Facility.

The 47th edition of this series, includes the latest available economic, financial, social, and environmental indicators for the 48 regional members of the Asian Development Bank. It presents the latest key statistics on development issues concerning the economies of Asia and the Pacific to a wide audience, including policy makers, development practitioners, government officials, researchers, students, and the general public. Part I of this issue presents the current status of economies of Asia and the Pacific with respect to the Sustainable Development Goals based on selected indicators from the global indicator framework. Part II comprises statistical indicators that capture economic, financial, social, and environmental developments. Part III presents key statistics and stylized facts on the phenomenon of global value chains.

The Asian Water Development Outlook charts progress in water security in Asia and the Pacific over the past 5 years. This 2016 edition of the report uses the latest available data to assess water security in five key dimensions: household access to piped potable water and improved sanitation, economic water security, providing better urban water services to build more livable cities, restoring healthy rivers and ecosystems, and resilience to water disasters. The region shows a positive trend in strengthening water security since the 2013 edition of the report, when 38 out of 49 countries were assessed as water-insecure. In 2016, that number dropped to 29 out of 48 countries. This study was supported by ADB's Water Financing Partnership Facility.

Analyses economic performance in the past year and offers forecasts for the next two years for the 45 economies in Asia and the Pacific that make up developing Asia. This edition highlights the need to invigorate developing Asia's potential growth, whose decline since its 2007 peak explains much of the region's growth slowdown since the global financial crisis.

The challenging geography and poor infrastructure of many Pacific nations mean digital financial services (DFS) are a particularly effective means of enhancing financial inclusion in the region. However, a number of major challenges confront DFS in the Pacific, including the establishment of reliable agent networks and the building of sufficient consumer trust in DFS for it to become a viable payments channel. This report examines the current use of DFS in the Pacific, analyzes the issues that need to be addressed, and provides recommendations for increasing financial inclusion in the region. This publication was produced by the Pacific Private Sector Development Initiative, a regional technical assistance facility cofinanced by the Asian Development Bank (ADB), the Government of Australia and the New Zealand government.

Developing Asia faces considerable headwinds from slow recovery in the major industrial economies and moderating prospects for the large economies of the People's Republic of China (PRC) and India. Subdued demand from the industrial economies and the PRC has delayed the expected pickup in growth in other parts of Asia, including Southeast Asia's larger economies. The region must strengthen its resilience under external shocks. Macroprudential policy can engender enough independence in monetary policy to counter destabilizing capital flows, while a well-developed domestic financial system can alleviate dependence on external borrowing and thereby reduce risk from currency depreciation. The region must mobilize untapped resources to give growth a much needed boost. This Asian Development Outlook Update 2015 highlights how realizing women's equal rights and contributions to economic and political life can yield ample benefits. While the region has made considerable progress over the past several decades in closing gender gaps in health and education, much remains to be done to erase them in the labor market. This will both marshal more human resources to boost economic growth and do the right thing for women as individuals.

This report highlights emerging trends in Aid for Trade (AfT) and trade performance, and explores them in the context of the theme of the 5th Global Review of AfT: "e;Reducing Trade Costs for Inclusive, Sustainable Growth."e; Divided into four chapters, the introduction sets the stage by describing general trends in trade costs, AfT, and inclusiveness; Chapter 2 introduces the idea and opportunities of e-commerce for the region; Chapter 3 analyzes trends in trade costs in Central, East, South, and Southeast Asia; and Chapter 4 offers an in-depth case study of AfT and trade costs in the Pacific.

Developing Asia is forecast to expand by 6.0% in 2018, and by 5.9% in 2019. Excluding Asia's high-income newly industrialized economies, growth should reach 6.5% in 2018 and 6.4% in 2019.

The new framework for cooperative approaches and mechanisms under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement charts a path for the resurgence of carbon markets. However, the modalities, rules, and guidance are yet to be fully elaborated.

This bond market guide provides an update of the recent developments in the bond market in the Republic of Korea since the first publication of the ASEAN 3 Bond Market Guide in 2012.

This manual provides practical information about roadside hazard management stragety for Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation (CAREC) countries. It details how each step in the strategy can help to improve roadside safety.

This guide serves as a reference for implementing performance-based road maintenance contracts in Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation (CAREC) countries to promote effective and efficient maintenance of road networks.

Focuses on Indonesia's most pressing labor market challenges and associated policy options. It provides a clear understanding of the labor market, demographic and labor force transitions, and the role of education and skills development to build the foundation for sustainable growth for the next generation.

Offers guidance on the principles, methods, and practice of impact evaluation. It contains material for a range of audiences, from those who may use or manage impact evaluations to applied researchers.