Bøger af Muthuraman S

internal-combustion engine, one in which combustion of the fuel takes place in a confined space, producing expanding gases that are used directly to provide mechanical power. Such engines are classified as reciprocating or rotary, spark ignition or compression ignition, and two-stroke or four-stroke; the most familiar combination, used from automobiles to lawn mowers, is the reciprocating, spark-ignited, four-stroke gasoline engine. Other types of internal-combustion engines include the reaction engine (see jet propulsion, rocket), and the gas turbine. Engines are rated by their maximum horsepower, which is usually reached a little below the speed at which undue mechanical stresses are developed. Sections in this article: ¿ Introduction ¿ Engine cycles ¿ SI and CI engine ¿ Two stroke engine ¿ Fuels and lubricants ¿ Combustion ¿ Adiabatic engine ¿ Bibliography

Refrigeration and its application is met in almost ever y branch of industr y, so that practitioners in other fields find that they have to become aware of its principles, uses and limitations. This book aims to introduce students and professionals in other disciplines to the fundamentals of the subject, without involving the reader too deeply in theor y. The subject matter is laid out in logical order and covers the main uses and types of equipment. In the ten years since the last edition there have been major changes in the choice of refrigerants due to environmental factors and an additional chapter is introduced to reflect this. This issue is on-going and new developments will appear over the next ten years. This issue has also affected ser vicing and maintenance of refrigeration equipment and there is an increased pressure to improve efficiency in the reduction of energy use. This edition reflects these issues, whilst maintaining links with the past for users of existing plant and systems. There have also been changes in packaged air-conditioning equipment and this has been introduced to the relevant sections. The book gives worked examples of many practica

In enclosed spaces, the combined treatment of the air to control, as specified, temperature, relative humidity, velocity of motion, and radiant heat energy level, with consideration of the need for removal of air-borne particles and contaminant gases.Heating Ventilating and Air conditioning (HVAC) System is capable of providing heating humidification during the winter, cooling and dehumidification during summer, the supply of fresh air through ¿ out the year and capability to furnish each of these services in a controlled manner and when sought by building occupants.Plumbing is a system of piping, apparatus, and fixtures for water distribution and waste disposal within a building. This chapter covers the basic water supply and water distribution systems, the theater of operations (TO) water supply and water distribution systems, and the sewerage system. Plumbing also includes the installation and maintenance of these systems. When architects design a building, they prepare a set of prints and a set of specification sheets detailing the types and quality of materials to be used. Plumbers use the prints and specifications to layout and plan the project.