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This volume is a result of an abiding interest in the phenomenon of radical Islamist terror that haunts Pakistan today. The research questions that it seeks to answer are: Why do the tribal areas remain a problem for rulers and administrators throughout history? How and why did radical Islam embed itself in the terrain? Was it influenced by the overall emphasis on Islam in Pakistani state politics? What is the role of history and politics in fuelling religious passions in the area? What has led to the survival of TTP despite humongous efforts of the Pakistan Army to decimate it? What are the future portents of such a movement? What impact is it likely to have on Pakistani society and politics?The volume makes an attempt to understand the context in which Pakistani Taliban or TTP, as it is called now, came into being, the enabling factors that made the growth of TTP possible, the formation and growth of TTP as a militant organisation, its leadership and its activities over the years, its ideological orientation and its worldview, its aims and objectives, its relationship with other militant groups in and outside Pakistan and the efforts of the Pakistani establishment to come to terms with such a phenomenon. There is an attempt to analyse the process and study its implications for Pakistan and the region.Dr. Ashok K. Behuria is Senior Fellow and Coordinator of the South Asia Centre at MP-IDSA. He holds a PhD in International Relations from the Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India. He joined MP-IDSA in 2003 and prior to that he was Assistant Director at the International Centre for Peace Studies, New Delhi. Dr. Behuria has also been Editor of International Studies, the prestigious research journal from Jawaharlal Nehru University and is on the Editorial Boards of Journal of Peace Studies and Strategic Analysis, the flagship journal of MP-IDSA. He has taught at University of Delhi and Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi. He is a close observer of developments in the South Asian neighbourhood and was conferred the prestigious K. Subrahmanyam Award for excellence in strategic studies for his work on Pakistan in 2009. He has published many research articles on strategic issues related to Pakistan, India-Pakistan relations, Sri Lanka, Nepal and the South Asian security environment in Indian and foreign journals. He has edited several books on South Asia and continues with his research on internal politics in Pakistan, India's engagement with the neighbourhood, regional security, and inter-state cooperation.

The book is about Civil-Military cohesion and India's ancient strategic culture. It analyses the security architecture of India dealing with external security with an aim to enhance its effectiveness. Civil-Military relations is an important aspect which affects the external security of the country. The approach to understanding Civil-Military relations has generally utilised Western theoretical constructs. The book follows a different approach. It utilises India's ancient strategic culture to understand India's inherent strengths and weaknesses. India is an ancient civilisation with a great strategic culture which spans many millennia. While the structure of the military may be what India inherited from the British, but the ethos of soldiering is what has evolved from the Vedic and the Epic periods. The book analyses the deficiencies in India's present security architecture and suggests a structure which amalgamates the past and the present. It utilises Civil-Military cohesion to suggest an external security architecture, which provides a comprehensive, whole of nation approach to national security. This structure based on Civil-Military integration provides an option not only for the present but also for the timeless lessons that India's past teaches us. Gp Capt Rajesh R Chaudhary is a serving officer of the Indian Air Force. He was commissioned in the Flying Branch of the IAF as a Navigator. He has extensively flown strategic and tactical airlift aircraft in all their operational roles including disaster relief, and the aerial refueller aircraft of the IAF. He has served in several training and operational bases besides Air Headquarters and held various command and staff appointments. A post-graduate from the Defence Services Staff College, he is presently a Senior Fellow at the Centre for Air Power Studies, New Delhi. He is involved in research on national security, Civil-Military relations and Higher Defence Organisation of India.

Since national security impacts every citizen in India, there is a growing need for a more sophisticated, broad-based and nuanced understanding of the instrument of force in statecraft. Largely confined to the strategic elite and practitioners thus far, a wider national security discourse could generate better ideas to proliferate and morph into better policies, strategies and doctrines. This academic endeavour, the first of its kind from India's National Defence College, seeks to tap the vast operational experience of all the contributors and offers a basic understanding of several important cornerstones of force and war fighting; how they can best be employed in current and future scenarios; and how best they can be synergised for effect. It is a go-to book for policy makers, legislators, diplomats, academics, leadership at various levels in the various national security verticals including the military, media and the curious reader even as India grapples with new and emerging security challenges in a volatile global geopolitical landscape.Air Vice Marshal (Dr) Arjun Subramaniam is the President's Chair of Excellence in National Security Affairs at National Defence College, New Delhi. A retired fighter pilot, military historian and strategic commentator, he is the author of five books, including India's Wars: A Military History: 1947-1971 and its newly-released sequel in two versions titled Full Spectrum: India's Wars 1972-2020 and A Military History of India Since 1972.Air Marshal Diptendu Choudhury is the Commandant of the National Defence College, New Delhi, and an alumnus of the Royal College of Defence Studies, UK. A highly experienced and accomplished fighter pilot with vast experience in Air Power at strategic, operational and tactical levels. He is a prolific writer on air power strategy and international security having published chapters in edited volumes and articles in several professional and academic journals.

China's contemporary national security imperative as envisioned by her apex leadership, makes it incumbent upon its defence forces to rapidly transform from mechanised warfare to informationised one; and conduct joint campaigns involving multiple services instead of single force operations.This book is accordingly premised on the ongoing reality of the Chinese Peoples' Liberation Army (PLA) modernising at an accelerated pace, with the aim of becoming a force capable of countering world class adversary under informationised conditions by 2050; and the operational effectiveness of the Chinese defence forces getting enhanced manifold, if the Country is able to leverage certain high technologies in its national, maritime, and military domains, for combat use.These emerging high-technologies include advances in artificial intelligence; space-based quantum communications; applications related to electromagnetic drives, such as rail guns and electromagnetic aircraft-launch systems; other niche weapons and platforms such as hypersonic weapons, anti-ship ballistic missiles, unmanned and artificial intelligence-enabled vehicles - UAVs, USVs and UUVs.The book further discusses the impact of such high-technology-based Chinese naval presence in the Indian Ocean Region - specifically, security implications for India in her primary areas of maritime interests; and offers valuable recommendations for the Indian security-strategists, policymakers, scientific community, and maritime practitioners.

This book titled "Bangladesh Liberation @50 Years: 'Bijoy' with Synergy: India-Pakistan War 1971" is special, as it commemorates 50 years of the Liberation War of 1971. The primary reason for which was the situation prevailing in East Pakistan (later Bangladesh) and Pakistan's proactive actions based on its propagated strategy of 'Defence of the East lies in the West'. The book highlights the strategy and operational plans executed by India and Pakistan, and the role of the Mukti Bahini and the people of East Pakistan. It also talks about personal experiences, and accounts of soldiers and people alike. The book aims to look at the prevailing regional dynamics and beyond the Liberation War with great focus on connectivity, culture, commerce and security. This book would be of great interest to all-civilians and military personnel alike as also to the policymakers, defence analysts, academia and students of strategic studies.Lieutenant General (Dr.) VK Ahluwalia, PVSM, AVSM**, YSM, VSM (Retd), is the Director of Centre for Land Warfare Studies (CLAWS). The General Officer was commissioned in 1971. He commanded an infantry brigade, mountain division and corps in Uri-Baramulla, Kargil and Leh-Ladakh sectors respectively. He has also served in the North East and in the states critically affected by the Maoist insurgency in India. Lt Gen Ahluwalia superannuated as Army Commander, Central Command in March 2012. He holds a Ph.D in Internal Security and Conflict Resolution and has authored many books.Brigadier AN Jha (Retd), is Senior Instructor (SI), Promotion Exam Cell (PROMEX) at CLAWS. The Brigadier was commissioned into the JAT Regiment in Dec 1986. He later commanded an Infantry Battalion and Rashtriya Rifles Sector HQ in J&K and the Jat Regimental Centre. The Officer has held important appointments at Unit, Brigade, Sub Area, Division, Corps, Command and Army HQs. He has been an instructor in The Infantry School and Army War College, Mhow (MP). The officer is a recipient of two COAS Commendation Cards and three Army Commanders Commendation Cards. He is a M.Phil in Defence Studies and takes a keen interest in writing articles.

"Whilst war is timeless and universal, it is technology that shapes and defines warfare more than any other factor. Indian Army has always exploited technology to help maintain a winning edge. The impact of technology will be even more pronounced in the future, and hence the understanding and adoption of emerging technologies by us becomes an imperative. This book is a comprehensive study of military technologies that need to be adopted for the capability development of Indian Army. The book makes a highly recommendable read on the basis of its thorough coverage and discussion concerning future technologies for the Indian Army. Its prospective readers are bound to be fully engaged by the book as it lays down a comprehensive road map for the modernisation of Indian Army leveraging future technologies...."- Lt Gen Rajeev Sabherwal,PVSM, AVSM,VSM (Retd)Former SO-in-C, SigsCOAS Chair of Excellence, CLAWS "Technology is user neutral but key technologies form an integral part to enhance national interest and national security of every nation of the world. Sooner the nation states-small or large, developed or developing, recognises the role of technology and identifies the key technologies, sooner will it be possible for any country to safeguard her sovereignty and integrity. India cannot afford to miss the next Industrial Revolution. Chakravorty's deliberations on future technologies is timely and argues cautiously but firmly the need to identify key technologies for the Indian Army at the earliest." - Gautam Sen Pune AcademicianMajor General (Dr.) PK Chakravorty, VSM (Retd), is an alumnus of the National Defence Academy and was commissioned into the Regiment of Artillery on 31 March 1972. The General is a Silver Gunner and has undergone training at the Long Gunnery Staff Course, Staff College and National Defence College. He was also primarily involved in the induction of BrahMos Supersonic Cruise Missiles in the Indian Army. He has also served as the Defence Attaché to Vietnam where he cultivated interest in China and is a prolific writer on strategic subjects. The Officer is presently Senior Fellow (Veteran) at the Centre for Land Warfare Studies (CLAWS), New Delhi.

Franklin D Roosevelt had said: "In politics, nothing happens by accident. If it happens, you can bet it was planned that way." An analysis of classic Sino-Russia relationship would prove the point. There is talk now about the "China-Russia" Military Pact. Given the status of current Indo-China relations and Russia's dilemma about its bilateral relations with India and China, the probable "Sino-Russia Military Pact" should be a matter of concern for India, considering its unavoidable impact. The issues related to Indo-Sino-Russian relations, in their own sphere, are quite complex. Keeping that complexity in mind, the impact of India's multi-dimensional relationship with other countries-especially the USA and the formation of QUAD (India-Australia-Japan-USA) would also be an important factor for consideration. Thus, a broad level analysis of all the aspects mentioned above would be essential to arrive at a conclusion, having the semblance of reality. The monograph analyse Sino-Russia Military Strategies, their common thread, India's multipronged relationships with other countries, Implications of Sino-Russia Pact on India and evaluate measures India could take to safeguard its own national interests.Commodore SL Deshmukh, Nausena Medal (Retd), has served in the Indian Navy for 32 years. His educational qualifications include BE (Mech), MSc (Def Sc), PGDM (Gold Medallist). He holds a qualification both in Marine & Aviation fields. He served on-board ships and aircraft carriers. He is a specialist in the maintenance of Fighter aircraft and Anti Submarines Warfare Helicopters. He is alumni of Defence Services Staff College (Wellington, Nilgiris).

Two key pillars of India's present foreign policy i.e. 'Neighbourhood First' and 'Act East' have strong geostrategic and geo-economic relevance in the modern capitalism. In view of this, the present book aims to reinvigorate the geostrategic and geo-economic connections of India with Asia. This book is an outcome of Indian Council of World Affairs sponsored National Conference 'Revisiting India-East Asia Connections: Problems and Prospects' held on 7-8 March 2019 at the Department of Economic Studies, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda. The book is divided into four parts: Building Diaspora, Infrastructure and Connections in India-East Asia Relations, Evaluating Role of China in India-East Asia Connections, Measuring Value Chain and Trade Relations in India-East Asia and Building Economic Relations in India-East Asia. Further, the book disseminates knowledge and information on the various themes particularly Indian diaspora, maritime cooperation, global value chain, etc. Part I: Building Diaspora, Infrastructure and Connections in India-East Asia Relations1. Indian Diaspora in Thailand: Cementing Historical and Cultural Relations 2. India's Coverage on Connectivity Corridor with Southeast Asia3. Trans Asia Connectivity and Economic Corridors: Sustainable Financing for Economic DevelopmentPart II: Evaluating Role of China in India-East Asia Connections4. India-China Maritime Cooperation: Avoiding Nuclear Rivalries5. Sources of China's Export Growth: A Constant Market Share Analysis6. An Analysis of India's Exports Instability to China7. An Analysis of Chinese Perspectives on Indian: "Look East Policy"Part III: Measuring Value Chain and Trade Relations in India-East Asia8. India's Participation in Global Value Chain with Selected East Asian Countries: Exploring the Facts9. External Barriers to India's Agricultural Exports during WTO Regime10. Measuring the Concentration of India-East Asia Trade11. Export Diversification and Economic Growth: A Case Study of Some Selected Emerging Economies12. India and ASEAN Trade Relations: An Empirical AnalysisPart IV: Building Economic Relations in India-East Asia13. Knowledge Economy, Institutions and Public Policy: The Case of East Asia and South Asian Economies14. Capital Goods Industry in East Asia: A Study of Indian Firms15. Relationship between FDI Outflows and Economic Growth: Evidence from Developing Asia

A state's security is heavily dependent upon its geopolitical environment. The geopolitical setting of South Asia changed in 1971 with the birth of Bangladesh as a new, independent nation. India already faces a hostile neighbour on its western border. In the north, China is a major threat. In this geopolitical setting the kind of relationship India has developed with Bangladesh becomes important. The military coup of August 1975 in Bangladesh marked a major shift in the way the country perceived its foreign and defence policies. India, its supporter in the liberation war, was now presented as the main threat to national security. A country's defence policy and defence-related procurements depend on the threat perception of that country. Bangladesh, despite being a poor country, has tried to acquire significant defence capability mainly due to its perceived sense of insecurity and to some extent to participate in the United Nations peacekeeping operations. Some of the steps taken by Bangladesh purportedly to enhance its own security have meant that the security environment in the region has actually deteriorated. In this context Bangladesh's security relationship with other major powers has significant implications for Indian security, and the book tries to throw light on it.1.Introduction 2. Bangladesh's Hobbled Defence Partnership with India 3. China, a Pre-eminent Defence Partner of Bangladesh 4. New Strategic Calculations Boost Bangladesh-Russia Defence Relations 5. Changing Strategic Configuration and Bangladesh-US Defence Relationship 6. The Role of Bangladesh in UN Peacekeeping Operations

This book is an effort to comprehensively analyse the importance of the China factor in studying the evolution of India-Vietnam relations over the decades. The author argues that the multi-faceted India-Vietnam relations, which have been moulded by historical, cultural, diplomatic and geo-strategic factors, cannot be studied in isolation, without understanding how it has been influenced by their common perception of the 'China threat'. It is in this context that the book analyses the complex political, economic, strategic and cultural interactions between China, India and Vietnam in the Cold War period and subsequently in the post-Cold War years, from 1991 to 2019. The work should attract the attention of scholars and practitioners of international relations.1.India's Relations with Vietnam in the Cold War Years and the China Factor 2. India-Vietnam Economic Relations and China 3. China and the Politics of India-Vietnam Relations 4. The Emerging Strategic Partnership between India and Vietnam and the Chinese Response45. India-Vietnam Cultural Relations and China: Complex Interactions6. Recent Developments in India-Vietnam-China Relations 7. Conclusion

The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and India are bound together by their shared history and culture. Relation with ASEAN is one of the cornerstones of India's Foreign Policy. Starting in 1992, when India joined ASEAN as a sectoral dialogue partner, ASEAN and India are going to complete thirty years of their bilateral relations in 2022. The ongoing pandemic has imposed many global and regional challenges. Moving from cooperation to integration, there is a need to jointly address challenges to strengthening the partnership between ASEAN and India in various areas. This book addresses some of these challenges in a lucid manner. It presents a set of 15 research papers, which were presented at the sixth ASEAN-India Network of Think-Tanks (AINTT) roundtable in 2020. Divided in five major sections, this volume reviews some of the achievements of ASEAN-India relations while completing three decades of partnership, and presents a set of new agenda for the fourth decade. It also underlines the desire of the ASEAN countries and India to diversify and further strengthen the relations in the third decade. This volume is also published to commemorate the thirty years of ASEAN-India relations.

The United Nations has always been held in high esteem in India, particularly during the Nehru years when an internationally minded Prime Minister ensured that India's voice would be heard in global debates on security, development, human rights and race relations. The evolving views of all Indian Governments on these matters were reflected in the opening statements made by heads of the Indian delegation, usually the Prime Minister or Foreign Minister, at the September General Assembly Session of the United Nations. This volume brings together these opening statements from 1945 onwards and presents in effect a history of India's international stance on issues of national and global concern. It is an invaluable resource for any student of modern Indian history and international relations.Nitin DesaiFormer Under-Secretary General of the United NationsThis is a reference work on India at the UN General Assembly which not only records the Indian government's concerns on contemporary events, but provides a significant record, with explanatory footnotes, of world history from 1946 to 2018. This excellent collection will be valued by scholars of international relations and India's role as successive administrations finessed their policies to meet the needs of a changing world.Krishnan SrinivasanFormer Secretary, Ministry of External Affairs, GoIIndia's engagement with the United Nations, particularly the speeches and interventions in the General Assembly, has been a defining feature of India's foreign policy. India's stature as a key player in the international system has been reflected in the key concerns that it has championed through the UNGA. This comprehensive volume is an invaluable guide for academics and practitioners alike. It must be read by anyone looking for the moral compass that has guided the direction of India's foreign policy as well as to understand the real politic which has dominated New Delhi's thinking in recent years. A brilliant effort by the Editors to produce an incomparable resource!!Amitabh Mattoo, PadmashriProfessor, School of International Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi andHonorary Professor of International Relations, University of Melbourne India has always stood for multilateralism as enshrined in the ethos of UN. The country also played a significant role in finalizing the UN Development Agenda 2030. Currently, when the world is striving to attain the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for inclusive growth, the present volume is very timely and would serve as a useful reference for those who are trying to understand the evolution of multilateralism.Professor Sachin Chaturvedi, Director General, Research and Information System for Developing Countries (RIS), New DelhiIn 2015 India completed seventy years of her association with the United Nations. To commemorate India's association of over seventy years with this world body the Netaji Institute for Asian Studies, Kolkata, and the West Bengal Federation of United Nations Associations initiated a project to document this relationship between the United Nations and India, seeking to bring together speeches delivered by Indian representatives before the various forums of the world body.

The United Nations has always been held in high esteem in India, particularly during the Nehru years when an internationally minded Prime Minister ensured that India's voice would be heard in global debates on security, development, human rights and race relations. The evolving views of all Indian Governments on these matters were reflected in the opening statements made by heads of the Indian delegation, usually the Prime Minister or Foreign Minister, at the September General Assembly Session of the United Nations. This volume brings together these opening statements from 1945 onwards and presents in effect a history of India's international stance on issues of national and global concern. It is an invaluable resource for any student of modern Indian history and international relations.Nitin DesaiFormer Under-Secretary General of the United NationsThis is a reference work on India at the UN General Assembly which not only records the Indian government's concerns on contemporary events, but provides a significant record, with explanatory footnotes, of world history from 1946 to 2018. This excellent collection will be valued by scholars of international relations and India's role as successive administrations finessed their policies to meet the needs of a changing world.Krishnan SrinivasanFormer Secretary, Ministry of External Affairs, GoIIndia's engagement with the United Nations, particularly the speeches and interventions in the General Assembly, has been a defining feature of India's foreign policy. India's stature as a key player in the international system has been reflected in the key concerns that it has championed through the UNGA. This comprehensive volume is an invaluable guide for academics and practitioners alike. It must be read by anyone looking for the moral compass that has guided the direction of India's foreign policy as well as to understand the real politic which has dominated New Delhi's thinking in recent years. A brilliant effort by the Editors to produce an incomparable resource!!Amitabh Mattoo, PadmashriProfessor, School of International Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi andHonorary Professor of International Relations, University of Melbourne India has always stood for multilateralism as enshrined in the ethos of UN. The country also played a significant role in finalizing the UN Development Agenda 2030. Currently, when the world is striving to attain the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for inclusive growth, the present volume is very timely and would serve as a useful reference for those who are trying to understand the evolution of multilateralism.Professor Sachin Chaturvedi, Director General, Research and Information System for Developing Countries (RIS), New Delhi

Cyberspace has turned out to be one of the greatest discoveries of mankind. Today, we have more than four-and-a-half billion people connected to the internet and this number is all set to increase dramatically as the next generational Internet of Things (IoT) devices and 5G technology gets fully operational.India has been at the forefront of this amazing digital revolution and is a major stakeholder in the global cyberspace ecosystem. As the world embarks on embracing internet 2.0 characterised by 5G high-speed wireless interconnect, generation of vast quantities of data and domination of transformational technologies of Artificial Intelligence (AI), block chain and big data, India has been presented with a unique opportunity to leapfrog from a developing country to a developed knowledge-based nation in a matter of years and not decades.This book presents an exciting and fascinating journey into the world of cyberspace with focus on the impactful technologies of AI, block chain and Big Data analysis, coupled with an appraisal of the Indian cyberspace ecosystem. It has been written especially for a policymaker in order to provide a lucid overview of the cyberspace domain in adequate detail.