Bøger udgivet af Springer

NEW VERSION This book introduces readers to the astonishing civilisation of the Incas. Its novelty lies in its general but highly informative synthesis of their history and astronomy through the accounts of contemporary chronicles and recent archaeological findings. Richly illustrated with the author's own photographs, it will attract the attention of seasoned travellers interested in ancient civilisations and keen to discover what people were capable of achieving so long ago, but also any reader interested in the history and prehistory of South American peoples, including students or university researchers wanting to know more about the pre-Columbian civilizations of Peru. The Inca civilisation was in fact the culmination of cultural contributions from a dozen or so complex pre-Columbian civilizations, such as those of Chavín, Nazca, Wari, or Tiwanaku. Intensely spiritual, the Inca people attributed metaphysical powers to all manner of objects and places they considered sacred, but at the same time the numerous alignments in their buildings show that they result from careful observations of the Sun, the Moon, and the stars at different times of the year. Indeed, the Incas were an essentially agrarian people, so time measurement and calendar devices were essential for the purely pragmatic problem of planning agricultural tasks during the tropical year. The book sets out to describe the Incas in their historical and geographical context, avoiding specialization or excessive technicality, but retaining a certain scientific rigor, and including a detailed consideration of their interest in the sky and astronomy. OLD VERSION The aim of this book is to transport the reader to the heart of the marvelous and fascinating history of the Andean peoples.This work synthesizes information about the Inca civilization and those which preceded it and highlights for these cultures the intimate relationships between the life of the peoples and the observation of the sky. The novelty of this work lies in the general character of the synthesis, avoiding specialization or excessive technicality but retaining the scientific rigor. The text immediately immerses the reader in the surprising cultural diversity of Peru. It quickly becomes apparent that limiting the history to only the Inca Empire would amount to considering only part of the historical diversity of this society and would neglect a major part of its richness.The prestigious Inca civilization was in fact the culmination of the cultural contributions of a dozen astonishing and complex pre-Columbian civilizations such as those of Chavín, Nazca, Wari or Tiwanaku. A major part of the book is focused on the study of the sky and on astronomy, which was of considerable importance in the peruvian universe. If these populations devoted themselves to observing the Sun, the Moon or the brightest planets, they also observed certain "dark" constellations appearing clearly in contrast against the bright background of the Milky Way which played an important role in the cosmic conception of the pre-Columbian worlds. The study of numerous architectural alignments testifies to the fact that these result from astronomical considerations such as the observations of the Sun and other stars (the Pleiades for example) at privileged moments (solstices and equinoxes) of the year. The importance of time measurement and calendar devices used for correct planning of agricultural tasks during the different seasons of the tropical year is also emphasized. The observation of the Sun certainly played a key role in the Inca civilization, particularly for determining the privileged moments of the astronomical year in relation to the agrarian rhythms associated with the tropical year. The history of the Inca people is imbued with an astonishing and pervasive spirituality that is discussed in great detail. These people in fact attributed metaphysical power to objects and places considered sacred which were integrated into a system of privileged directions radiating from the Cuzco temple of the Sun. On reading the various chapters of this book, the reader will undoubtedly retain the dominant idea that Peru has a long, eventful and fascinating history of very rich cultures and civilizations. This book is aimed at a rather wide and cultivated audience, passionate about history, ethnology, and astronomy of south american cultures. It is also intended for students or university researchers interested in the pre-Columbian civilizations of Peru.

This book constitutes the refereed post-conference proceedings of the 29th International Conference on Selected Areas in Cryptography, SAC 2022, held in Windsor, Canada, during August 24-26, 2022. The 21 full papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 53 submissions. The papers are categorized into the following topical sections: lattices and ECC; differential cryptanalysis; cryptographic primitives; isogeny-based cryptography I; block ciphers; differential cryptanalysis II; isogeny-based cryptography II; and protocols and PRFs.

This series of essays, written by scholars and practitioners of engineering and music after visits to indigenous communities in Bolivia and Sierra Leone, illustrate the experiences, conversations, and insights that arose from consilient research. As the authors and contributors dive more deeply into each other's Western traditions of expertise, a surprising commonality emerges between music and technology - a commonality rooted in ignorance toward the power of indigeneity. This is an unexplored area of inquiry in both engineering and music. Each discipline follows rigorous traditions in Western academic institutions that have not only disregarded but have demeaned ancestral and indigenous traditions. By bringing together diverse artists and engineers, this exploration examines how engaging with non-Western knowledge can alter the understanding of Western experts in any field.

This book presents the proceedings of the NeuroIS Retreat 2023, May 30¿June 1, Vienna, Austria, reporting on topics at the intersection of information systems (IS) research, neurophysiology and the brain sciences. Readers will discover the latest findings from top scholars in the field of NeuroIS, which offer detailed insights on the neurobiology underlying IS behavior, essential methods and tools and their applications for IS, as well as the application of neuroscience and neurophysiological theories to advance IS theory.

This book explores the impact of ethical reasoning in forensic science and demonstrates that it is in fact a foundational skill required by those engaged in the field. Forensic science is viewed as a mechanism to aid the criminal justice system in finding truth, but failures within the field contribute to the growing injustice facing society. The author recognizes these failings and brings a new perspective by establishing bioethical principles as a foundation for improving ethical reasoning skills. These skills are a critical component of forensic science education for upcoming professionals. While other books focus on egregious cases of ethical misconduct, this text highlights the daily decisions and issues that occur during the forensic investigation and analysis processes. It is written for future forensic professionals and forensic science educators, as well as those individuals already working in the forensic science field.

This book explores fundamental and advanced concepts related to the AI-enabled Edge Technology paradigm, also known as Edge Intelligence, within the framework of the Internet of Things (IoT). Expanding the application of Edge computing is increasingly necessary. This can involve exploring automated, intelligent computational learning theorems, and ANN-oriented, trustworthy machine learning perspectives to enhance computational intelligence. The book functions as a valuable resource for professionals in the sector and also acts as a comprehensive learning tool for newcomers in the field of AI-enabled Edge Technologies and their applications, covering both fundamental and advanced concepts. This book uses data and network engineering and intelligent decision support system-by-design principles to design a reliable IoT edge-cloud ecosystem and to implement cyber-physical pervasive infrastructure solutions. The book will help readers understand the design architecture and AI algorithms and learn analytics through IoT edge, device-edge and the state-of-the-art in cloud-IoT countermeasures. The book is a valuable reference for anyone doing undergraduate or postgraduate studies, conducting research, or working in the computer science, information technology, electronics engineering, and complicated mathematical modeling domains.

Every practicing physician, surgeon, advanced practice provider, and allied health professional interacts regularly with peer-reviewed literature: either while creating it, or consuming it. Despite the countless hours over many years spent in formal clinical training, many clinicians and clinician-authors lack advanced training or a working nuanced knowledge of research methodology and study design. Institutions have responded to this gap by reinforcing their ranks with statistical and methodological support in the form of data analysts, epidemiologists, and biostatisticians. However, clinicians are often unable to ¿talk the methodological talk¿ to guide them. This ultimately results in a stark disconnect between clinically relevant aspects of research and appropriate study design.Existing research methodology texts are largely written by statisticians, epidemiologists, and other academic public health experts. These are not easily digestible by practicing clinicians who need practical knowledge of this content to design their own research or enhance their understanding of the medical literature. Furthermore, these texts are often too detailed or ¿in the weeds¿ with regard to mathematics and statistical mechanics. Practical knowledge is not centrally located; rather, it is spread out among multiple books, articles, and other sources.This book is a concise, accessible, and practical guide for clinicians to read and reference when designing and reviewing clinical research. It is designed to be a standalone text, written ¿by a clinician, for clinicians¿ by a practicing clinical research expert who has had advanced formal training in research methodology, biostatistics, and epidemiology. Topics covered include descriptive and comparative statistics, power and sample size calculations, diagnostic tests, bias, and study design. In each chapter, consideration is given to study mechanics, advantages and disadvantages of each design, and illustrative analytical reviews of existing literature.

This open access book presents the most recent advances in the novel, interdisciplinary field of magnetic microhydrodynamics. This emerging area of advanced research combines magnetism with the knowledge of bioinspired local flow control to create novel concepts and technological solutions that could revolutionize the field of microfluidics. Edited and authored by world-recognized leaders in this field, this book covers how the action of magnetic forces on soft matter can result in a richness of possible static and dynamic behavior. The contributions featured in this book introduce timely examples of novel concepts (new fluids and control), processes at interfaces (local probes, electrochemistry), and applications of magnetic soft matter in cell biology, cargo transport, and energy. This book is of great interest to scientists from various backgrounds looking to explore, learn of recent developments, and take part in laying the foundations of an entirely new and dynamic field of research.

This edited collection is a follow-up to Algoma University's inaugural conference on mental health and addiction held at the Brampton campus in Ontario, Canada. We live in a society where many marginalized communities continue to bear a historically disproportionate burden on their psychological, mental, and economic well-being, especially under the Covid-19 pandemic. Covid-19 has had a continuing impact on marginalized and racialized communities at all levels. We are now witnessing the compounded effects in the form of a worsening mental health and addiction crisis and its subsequent impact on children's education, service delivery, and overall psychosocial well-being.Covid-19 has widened the gap and increased poverty disparities between high-income and low-income individuals. Furthermore, it has affected the psychosocial resilience of people. As communities of scholars, practitioners, and researchers, we have a responsibility to address these existential issues in ways that are ethical and transformative. This type of engagement should help mitigate the consequences of the pandemic in an intersectional manner. These conversations should assist us in understanding and addressing the trauma and suffering that marginalized communities and individuals continue to endure. Together, we can work to find answers to mental health and addiction challenges, while valuing people's histories and realities within this intersectional engagement.This book aims to redefine psychiatric discourse in the age of the pandemic and encourage us to imagine how the world can be reformed in ways that are both ethical and political. It has the potential to shed light on the values and realities of communities in discussions of medical sociology, particularly concerning the impact of Covid-19 on marginalized communities.This book is structured into three volumes. Volume one delves into the repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of various ethnic groups. Volume two specifically addresses the impact of the pandemic on the mental health of Afro-Black individuals. Volume three explores the connections between the COVID-19 pandemic, psychological well-being, and colonialism.

This edited collection is a follow-up to Algoma University's inaugural conference on mental health and addiction held at the Brampton campus in Ontario, Canada. We live in a society where many marginalized communities continue to bear a historically disproportionate burden on their psychological, mental, and economic well-being, especially under the Covid-19 pandemic. Covid-19 has had a continuing impact on marginalized and racialized communities at all levels. We are now witnessing the compounded effects in the form of a worsening mental health and addiction crisis and its subsequent impact on children's education, service delivery, and overall psychosocial well-being. Covid-19 has widened the gap and increased poverty disparities between high-income and low-income individuals. Furthermore, it has affected the psychosocial resilience of people. As communities of scholars, practitioners, and researchers, we have a responsibility to address these existential issues in ways that are ethical and transformative. This type of engagement should help mitigate the consequences of the pandemic in an intersectional manner. These conversations should assist us in understanding and addressing the trauma and suffering that marginalized communities and individuals continue to endure. Together, we can work to find answers to mental health and addiction challenges, while valuing people's histories and realities within this intersectional engagement. This book aims to redefine psychiatric discourse in the age of the pandemic and encourage us to imagine how the world can be reformed in ways that are both ethical and political. It has the potential to shed light on the values and realities of communities in discussions of medical sociology, particularly concerning the impact of Covid-19 on marginalized communities. This book is structured into three volumes. Volume one delves into the repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of various ethnic groups. Volume two specifically addresses the impact of the pandemic on the mental health of Afro-Black individuals. Volume three explores the connections between the COVID-19 pandemic, psychological well-being, and colonialism.

This book¿Mind, Body, and Digital Brains¿focuses on both theoretical and empirical issues and joins contributions from different disciplines, concepts, and sensibilities, bringing together scholars from fields that at first glance may appear different¿Neuroscience and Cognitive Neuroscience; Robotics, Computer Science, Deep Learning, and Information Processing Systems; Education, Philosophy, Law, and Psychology. All these research fields are held together by the very object to be discussed: a broad, articulate, and polyphonic reflection on the status of theories and fields of application of Digital Technologies and Artificial Intelligence, seen from the perspective of the digital mind, digital body, and digital brain. Scientific and humanistic issues will be considered through an interdisciplinary point of view, with the purpose of deepening emerging trends about various disciplines.This book offers a framework for different perspectives and, at the same time, a platform for discussion aimed not only at experts, but also at a non-specialist public interested in the digital revolution. The digital revolution is emerging from the intertwining of ethical, philosophical, and technological aspects, which concern several general issues as cooperation, law, and environment, but also specialized as cybersecurity or algorithmic citizenship. More questions arise, concerning which opportunities and risks are associated with the new scenarios, what idea of humanity is emerging from the increasingly widespread use of Artificial Intelligence technologies, and what idea of integrated science should we promote to accompany the ongoing transformations.

This edited collection is a follow-up to Algoma University's inaugural conference on mental health and addiction held at the Brampton campus in Ontario, Canada. We live in a society where many marginalized communities continue to bear a historically disproportionate burden on their psychological, mental, and economic well-being, especially under the Covid-19 pandemic. Covid-19 has had a continuing impact on marginalized and racialized communities at all levels. We are now witnessing the compounded effects in the form of a worsening mental health and addiction crisis and its subsequent impact on children's education, service delivery, and overall psychosocial well-being.Covid-19 has widened the gap and increased poverty disparities between high-income and low-income individuals. Furthermore, it has affected the psychosocial resilience of people. As communities of scholars, practitioners, and researchers, we have a responsibility to address these existential issues in ways that are ethical and transformative. This type of engagement should help mitigate the consequences of the pandemic in an intersectional manner. These conversations should assist us in understanding and addressing the trauma and suffering that marginalized communities and individuals continue to endure. Together, we can work to find answers to mental health and addiction challenges, while valuing people's histories and realities within this intersectional engagement.This book aims to redefine psychiatric discourse in the age of the pandemic and encourage us to imagine how the world can be reformed in ways that are both ethical and political. It has the potential to shed light on the values and realities of communities in discussions of medical sociology, particularly concerning the impact of Covid-19 on marginalized communities.This book is structured into three volumes. Volume one delves into the repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of various ethnic groups. Volume two specifically addresses the impact of the pandemic on the mental health of Afro-Black individuals. Volume three explores the connections between the COVID-19 pandemic, psychological well-being, and colonialism.

Focusing on emerging features of digital transformation, digital economy, digital innovation, and digital entrepreneurship, this edited volume highlights new aspects of digital transformation and research progress in the field. Chapters cover a wide range of topics such as: promoting the growth of the digital economy through the alertness of entrepreneurs; predicting entrepreneurial performance through the lens of entrepreneurial orientation and digital adoption with a machine learning approach; proposing a guide to emphasize the key aspects of social media analytics; examining the digital pathology ecosystem and key drivers for investment in more efficient disease diagnosis and monitoring; exploring how humane orientation contributes to the intention to use digital entrepreneurship with a gender perspective. Concluding with a review of the extant digital economy literature, the volume proposes a future research agenda which will be useful not only for researchers and academics, but also for entrepreneurs and policymakers.

Boundary Element Method for Magnetohydrodynamic Flow" offers one of the first systematic and detailed treatments of the application of boundary element method (BEM) to magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow problems. It aims to fill in the gaps left by the earlier books on the application of BEM to some physical problems such as fluid dynamics, elasticity, and geophysics. An overview of the theory of MHD flow and a comprehensive mathematical formulation of BEM for convection-diffusion-type differential equations are provided by the authors, who heavily rely on their research and experience in the disciplines of BEM and MHD flow. The book first discusses the basic principles of the BEM approach for the MHD duct flow problems in coupled form with the fundamental solution derived by the authors. Specifically, the BEM solutions of MHD flow in pipes of rectangular or circular cross-sections, and MHD flow in infinite regions, are all covered emphasizing the convergence of infinite boundary integrals. This book, especially, concentrates on the MHD flow in regions with partly insulated partly perfectly conducting boundaries by BEM giving also the parabolic boundary layer thickness emanating from the points of discontinuities on the walls. The book secondly includes the dual reciprocity boundary element technique (DRBEM), an alternative form of BEM that expands the applicability of BEM to MHD flow and heat transfer problems as well as buoyancy MHD flow with magnetic potential and inductionless MHD flow. The purpose of the book is to serve as a research book for applied mathematicians, engineers, scientists, and graduate students who wish to learn in-depth about the formulation and application of BEM in MHD flow problems. As such, it is an invaluable resource and a major contribution to the numerical solution of MHD flow problems.

This open access book creates conceptual links between political emotions, citizenship, home and belonging. The book describes that, in the case of decided return and reintegration to a post-conflict society and a fragmented state, like Bosnia and Herzegovina, the returnees do not conceptualize the emotional dimension of their BiH citizenship as home and belonging as this citizenship does not make them feel safe and secure. Instead, ¿feeling at home¿ is found in family, place and time, while belonging is categorized as ethnic, religious, relational, landscape, linguistic, and economic. The emotional dimension of the home state citizenship is constituted through a wide spectrum of emotions, ranging from anger, frustration, fear, guilt, shame, disappointment, nostalgia, powerlessness, to patriotic love, pride, defiance, joy, happiness and hope. This book provides a valuable resource to students and scholars of migration and diaspora studies, as well as political scientists, human geographers and anthropologists.

This book takes the small rural town of La Calera, in the outskirts of the Colombian capital of Bogotá, as a case study to analyze how residents from different social classes - wealthier ex-urban newcomers arriving to traditionally peasant and rural areas - interact to decide how nature will be used in the face of further urban expansion. Contrary to the conflicts in other gentrification cases, including those of "green" gentrification, this book shows how newcomers and longtimers in La Calera use environmental concerns to bridge social class rifts and push the state to provide water, public space, and decision-making power. Residents see abundant ecological resources like water and land around them, but they do not have access to aqueducts, green public space or power over planning decisions affecting the distribution of these resources. As a response, and to challenge the state more effectively, newcomers and longtimers create inter-class alliances through what the author calls third nature: the way residents try to both protect and keep using existing ecological goods. To do so, despite high levels of class inequality, residents had a similar goal of protecting ecological resources around them by intervening in the physical and political landscapes against a state that induces scarcity, selectively enforcing environmental policies to the detriment of Calerunos. As cities all around the Global South continue to grow, urban expansion posits a threat to the environment by transforming agricultural and protected areas into denser residential or touristic spaces. Moreover, as natural resources become scarcer in the face of climate change, inequality might further existing environmental privileges and vulnerabilities. By examining closely how Calerunos bridge class inequalities for environmental reasons, this case highlights processes that inform other gentrifying rural spaces around the world.

This book explains the main problems of industrial wastewater treatments and how they are being treated by innovative biological processes. The need for clean water in developing countries has become difficult to achieve as a result of globalization and industrialization and because of an increase in population, urbanization, and per capita water use. Residential, commercial, industrial, and educational institutions produce immense amounts of wastewater. Wastewater is treated to extract toxins to produce processed effluent by physical, chemical, and biological processes. Most of these innovative treatment systems are membrane filtration, advanced oxidation processes, and electrochemical approaches, which are strongly committed to offering solutions to help protect public health and the environment. For wastewater treatment, different forms of bioreactors are used which are reliable, cost-efficient, and effective in removing a wide variety of contaminants. This book outlines the capacity of various bioreactors that are most widely used for the treatment of different industrial and domestic wastewater, such as a rotating biological contactor, biological fluidized bed reactor, packed bed reactor, membrane bioreactor, continuous stirred tank bioreactor, up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor, and photobioreactor, etc. Despite this, the acceptance of these technologies and their commercialization on an industrial scale, the performance is still limited. Therefore, a broader use of cost-effective in situ remedial approaches to natural phenomena like bioremediation is needed. The role of numerous bioreactors in industrial effluent treatment has, including recent developments, also been explored in depth. Furthermore, it includes the operational factors affecting their performances, advances in their architectural design, their amalgamation with the existing setup, scale-up studies, life cycle assessment of those reactors, materials and cost analysis, etc. This information helps the reader to understand the insight into the mechanism, pros and cons, moreover efficient utilization, and commissioning of bioreactors.

This book summarizes the past, present, and future work in biotribology with a special emphasis on its applications in the design and manufacture of biomedical devices and their potential future uses. The book covers several aspects of biotribology such as biocompatible materials, joint tribology, skin tribology, oral tribology, tribology of the other human bodies or tissues, animal tribology, plant tribology, medical device tribology, and more.This is an essential reference for academics, biomedical researchers, biologists, tribologists, chemists, physicists, biomedical scientists, materials engineers, mechanical engineers and other professionals in related engineering, medicine, and biomedical industries. This book can also serve as a useful research text for undergraduate and graduate engineering courses such as tribology, materials, biomaterials, material characterization, interface science, and biomedical science.

This monograph discusses the concept of solidarity. Using Germany as a case study, the book investigates how political actors - political parties in specific - use the term solidarity in their programmatic documents. It maps out the attitudes, features, and behaviors that the parties continuously denote as expressions of solidarity and reconstructs the generalized concept of solidarity held by each party. It categorizes earlier ideas of solidarity into micro and macro perspectives and uses both theoretical and empirical considerations to build a model of solidarity and identify the elements that make solidarity what it is.Departing from the typical procedure in intellectual history research, this volume takes inspiration from Wittgenstein, starting with the language and tracing it back to its historical setting. Thus, it avoids the trap of speaking of only one meaning of solidarity and allows for more attuned analysis of the differences in understanding the concept. Furthermore, it links the scientific study of the concept of solidarity with research on political competition, and - in broader sense - political theory and party politics research. Closing the gap in scientific coverage of the concept of solidarity, this book will be of interest to students and researchers studying political theory, political sociology, political philosophy, political history, and political parties.

Land deterioration, drought, desertification, and water resources shrinkage threaten natural resources, negatively impacting environmental, economic, and political stability. The increasing occurrence of climate change (extremes) impacts land degradation processes, soil erosion by water and wind, and salinization. The researchers have invested several years of scientific research in natural resources deterioration, including soil degradation and erosion, land degradation, desertification, and climate changes, which are interesting enough. However, the link between science and policymaking appears to be less active as serious actions do not take fast. The eighteen chapters of this book focus more on topics related to natural resources deterioration, such as land degradation, desertification, drought, climate change, and analysis of numerous case studies. This book presents experts' overviews, study results, experiences, and knowledge of natural resources deterioration in MENA countries. It attracts researchers, experts, scholars, scientists, academics, students, practitioners, graduates, or anybody interested in land degradation, desertification, climate change, and natural hazards that fall within natural resources deterioration. Therefore, researchers keep continuing to do their investigations and produce results that convince stakeholders and policymaking to act immediately towards protecting natural resources and their sustainability.

The first of two companion books addressed the biology and clinical aspects of ovarian cancer. The companion title, Ovarian Cancer: Molecular & Diagnostic Imaging and Treatment Strategies, discussed both classic and the most recent imaging approaches for detection, early diagnosis and treatment of ovarian cancer. This volume, Cell & Molecular Biology of Ovarian Cancer, covers classic and modern cell and molecular biology as well as genetics, epigenetics, mitochondrial dysfunctions and apoptosis, cancer stem cells, angiogenesis, progression to metastasis, and treatment strategies including clinical trials related to ovarian cancer. Taken together, these two volumes form one comprehensive and invaluable contribution to the literature.The first of two companion books addressed the biology and clinical aspects of ovarian cancer. The companion title, Ovarian Cancer: Molecular & Diagnostic Imaging and Treatment Strategies, discussed both classic and the most recent imaging approaches for detection, early diagnosis and treatment of ovarian cancer. This volume, Cell & Molecular Biology of Ovarian Cancer, covers classic and modern cell and molecular biology as well as genetics, epigenetics, mitochondrial dysfunctions and apoptosis, cancer stem cells, angiogenesis, progression to metastasis, and treatment strategies including clinical trials related to ovarian cancer. Taken together, these two volumes form one comprehensive and invaluable contribution to the literature.

This book covers speckle image formation using a variety of modulated apertures. The central theme revolves around theoretical analyses, specifically the calculation of impulse responses or Point Spread Functions (PSFs) corresponding to these apertures. These calculations provide crucial insights into the resolution inherent in the resulting speckle images. The book begins with an examination of the recognition of the direction of new apertures from elongated speckle images, setting the stage for subsequent discussions. The theoretical analyses extend to diverse aperture designs, including Gaussian, graded-index, and modulated apertures. The book delves into the nuanced dynamics of contrast in speckle images, exploring the Voigt distribution and the effects of modulation on contrast.In addition to aperture-centric discussions, the book addresses the processing of the formed speckle images. The chapters impart a comprehensive understanding of speckle imaging, encompassing discrimination in microscopy using digital speckle images, the utilization of concentric hexagonal pupils, and the exploration of irregular apertures. The book culminates in a detailed exploration of speckle imaging in the context of an annular Hermite Gaussian laser beam.Overall, this book serves as a valuable resource for researchers and academics seeking a profound exploration of speckle image formation, modulation, and processing across a spectrum of apertures and theoretical frameworks.

This book examines women's behavioral health (defined as alcohol, drug use, and mental health) problems from a population or public health perspective. It provides the current state of knowledge for women¿s behavioral health and examines the need for behavioral health services and implications for policy. It also reviews major issues in the organization, financing, and provision of women¿s behavioral health services.Global and national studies show that women are nearly twice as likely as men to have selected mental disorders. There also has been increasing attention to the social, behavioral, institutional, and economic determinants of health that result in service inequities for women in the United States compared to women in other countries. This textbook highlights mental and substance use disorders of particular concern to women, emphasizes services research issues in women¿s behavioral health, incorporates the social determinants of health, and provides a discussion of these critical issues from an interprofessional and interdisciplinary public health perspective. It also presents an overview of the epidemiology of mental and substance use disorders across the lifespan of women and service delivery issues from a population and system-level perspective. Applied services research chapters comprise the book's 14 chapter contributions that are organized into three parts: Part I. Framing Women¿s Behavioral Health; Part II. Selected At-Risk Populations; and Part III. Services Delivery issues.Women's Behavioral Health: A Public Health Perspective is a textbook for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in many academic disciplines, including the social and behavioral sciences, public health, women¿s studies, medical anthropology, and medical sociology. It also is useful for postdoctoral students in public health, population health, and the health professions. This volume can serve as a reference book for academicians and researchers in community and social psychology, community health, community nursing, community and preventive medicine, and public health; practitioners and policymakers at various levels of government; and behavioral health professionals at mental health and substance use programs in various national and global healthcare organizations.

This new second edition presents a completely new selection of 25 scenarios based on cases from the personal archive of Ondrej Dolezal, collected over 20 years of clinical practice. With a simple and uniquely innovative approach, this book offers a natural workflow through the chapter structure, helping junior doctors to gain confidence in reaching their clinical diagnosis. A range of different clinical scenarios and neurological conditions are examined, from cerebal palsy and other degenerative disorders, to epilepsy and headache. This book can serve as a teaching aid in a classroom setting, where the teacher introduces the case ("telling the story", neurological examination) and the students then propose differential diagnoses and further tests. The teacher can show a representative test result to students and expect them to interpret the scan/test, as well as proposing further referrals and discussing the prognosis. Each chapter, contains visual aids in the form of Neuroexam, helping the reader gain a quick understanding of the case. Scenarios presented in this book can be used at the bedside in teaching medical students and junior doctors, and it is aimed at trainee neurologists and any non-neurologists who might encounter neurological cases in the clinic.

This book is for patients with thyroid diseases and anyone interested in the thyroid, including carers of thyroid patients, members of the lay public and healthcare workers who deal with thyroid patients. The intention is to provide the means by which good quality information about the thyroid gland and its diseases can be found, accessed, weighed and judged for scientific merit. The book can be read like a story, but can also serve readers as a reference manual when looking for information on a thyroid-related topic. Thyroid diseases affect 10% of the population. People with thyroid problems, their family, carers and health professionals often seek information. The available sources are disappointing and misleading. There is an unmet need and a desire by patients, the lay public, students and early career healthcare workers to learn how to access and appraise the evidence, which is rarely fulfilled by existing resources. The book consists of two parts. Part One contains six chapters. The first Chapter ("Obstacles to seeking the truth") discusses the common hurdles that can come between us and the knowledge we seek. Chapter Two ("Thyroid basics") is an overview of the structure and function of the thyroid gland and the common diseases that affect it, narrated through the convoluted history of discoveries relating to the thyroid. In Chapter Three ("What is the evidence") evidence-based medicine is discussed, how different medical publications are classified, the processes involved in publishing medical papers and how they are structured. This is relevant and important in understanding the selection process in play that a piece of academic work is subjected to before it reaches its readers, how it varies and how it may correlate with the quality of the end product. Chapter Four ('Mining the truth') is about conducting searches. It identifies appropriate search engines and gives tips on how to stay on course. Chapter Five ("Appraising the evidence") outlines how to judge the quality of published papers based on checklists. Chapter Six ("Interpreting the evidence") will help extract the meaning of a piece of research. Part Two ("What is the optimal range?") is an example of a common question asked by patients with hypothyroidism (the commonest thyroid condition). It will reveal a truth that should be making headlines and attracting the attention of patient advocates, thyroid specialists, their professional organisations and the public at large. Yet all relevant parties seem to choose to ignore it and channel their energies in other directions. It is an example of good science yielding valuable knowledge, which is undermined and made worthless by poor implementation. Herein lies the most important message of this book: seeking truth and getting close to it is not enough, how it is used to change the lives of patients is what really matters. Relevant references are included at the end of each chapter to indicate the sources in case the reader wishes to access them.

Dieses Lehrbuch bietet eine Einführung in das interdisziplinäre Studium von Stress und hilft Studierenden und Fachleuten, die wichtigsten neurobiologischen und psychologischen Ursachen und Folgen von Stress beim Menschen zu verstehen. Es zielt darauf ab, das Konzept von Stress auf verschiedenen Ebenen zu verstehen, von den Auswirkungen von Umweltstressoren bis zu seiner Verarbeitung im Gehirn und von den neuronalen Mechanismen, die an dieser Verarbeitung beteiligt sind, bis zum Ausdruck verschiedener adaptiver Reaktionen. Alle diese neuronalen Mechanismen werden auf verschiedenen Komplexitätsebenen klar erläutert, von der neurobiologischen Ebene, einschließlich der zellulären und molekularen Mechanismen, bis zur psychologischen Ebene, einschließlich der kognitiven und emotionalen Verarbeitung und der Verhaltensäußerungen.Der Inhalt ist fundiert und wird von anschaulichen Grafiken begleitet, die Details sehr hilfreich verdeutlichen und somit eine vollständige Integration aller dargestellten Konzepte ermöglichen. Darüber hinaus werden klinische Ausdrucksformen von Stress, wie z.B. Stimmungs- und Angststörungen, ausführlich behandelt. Auch erhalten Sie einen Überblicks über verschiedene Faktoren der Anfälligkeit und Widerstandsfähigkeit, wodurch ein einzigartiger und grundlegender Einblick in dieses interdisziplinäre Gebiet geboten wird. Aufgrund seines interdisziplinären Ansatzes bietet Neuroscience of Stress: From Neurobiology to Cognitive, Emotional and Behavioral Sciences (Von der Neurobiologie zu den Kognitions-, Emotions- und Verhaltenswissenschaften) Studierenden und Fachleuten aus verschiedenen Bereichen der Verhaltens- und Gesundheitswissenschaften eine umfassende und klare Einführung in die Erforschung von Stress und ist bestens geeignet für den Einsatz in einer Vielzahl von Studiengängen, die sich mit psychischer Gesundheit und Wohlbefinden befassen, u. a. in den Bereichen Gesundheit und klinische Psychologie, Gesundheitsförderung undKrankheitsprävention, Psychiatrie und Verhaltensmedizin.

This book enhances readers¿ understanding of matrix acidizing and its pivotal role in the oil and gas industry. It is a comprehensive guide to maximizing reservoir performance. The book explores carbonate reservoirs, where acid meets rock, and indicates pathways to increased well productivity. Based on extensive research, the book has insights for students, professionals, and researchers and all those interesting in realizing the full potential of oil and gas reservoirs.

An award-winning text on the latest operational hydrometeorological forecasting and warning techniques for flood, drought, reservoir, water resources and water quality applications. Hydrometeorology: Forecasting and Applications is the latest edition of this award-winning book first published in 2010. It provides an introduction to the latest developments in this area for practicing engineers and scientists and examples of operational systems, including from the USA, UK, the Netherlands, Bangladesh and Nepal. It also provides useful background for undergraduate and postgraduate courses in areas such as engineering, earth sciences, environmental sciences, geography, meteorology and hydrology. Practical applications include flood warning, drought early warning, irrigation scheduling, hydropower generation, water pollution and water supply operations. Throughout, there is a focus on end-to-end warning systems, forecast uncertainty and risk-based and impact-based approaches. Each chapter now concludes with a summary of key points regarding current research themes and the extensive sets of references that were a feature of previous editions have been revised and updated. The first part considers meteorological and hydrological monitoring and forecasting techniques and approaches to issuing warnings and alerts. Hydrological forecasting topics include rainfall-runoff models, flow routing and data assimilation, forecast verification and ensemble techniques. Additional topics in this new edition include the role of low cost monitoring, citizen science and social media in monitoring and early warning applications. The text on weather radar, satellite precipitation estimates, hydrometry, catchment monitoring, numerical weather prediction, demand forecasting, uncertainty estimation and warning dissemination has been updated. The second part considers flood, drought, reservoir, water quality and water resources applications. As before, riverine and flash flood forecasts are considered separately including flash flood guidance techniques, community based flood warning systems and methods for providing early warnings of debris flows, surface water flooding and ice jam floods. Other applications include famine and drought early warning systems, reservoir and tidal barrier operations, bathing water quality alerts, harmful algal bloom prediction and seasonal flow forecasting. Land surface and global hydrological models are now discussed in more detail, including the opportunities from 'Big Data' and artificial intelligence. A new chapter on climate change prediction discusses approaches to assessing potential hydrological impacts and improving modelling techniques, including expert elicitation exercises and the use of experimental catchments. "There are few books that have ever attempted to discuss all aspects of hydrometeorology in one volume. This one does so." (from a review of the 1st edition in the Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society)

This proposed book aims to present an analysis of several crisis issues induced by global climate changes and implications at the micro-level, particularly from the perspective of ground-based study. Climate crisis leads to several socio-ecological issues which need to discuss with some empirical case studies from the contextual global evidences. Climatic crisis generates several social responses which are associated with mitigating issues in addition to sustainable development goals. Under these circumstances, several loopholes interlinked with climatic crisis need to expose in the present-day context. This book argues that it is important to understand the issues from multiple dimensions. It identifies some important dimensions to discuss in the process. Themes we purpose to cover are: several field-based studies are included for which micro-level field-based data would incorporate to understand current crisis induced by climate change, thus exposing the vulnerabilities of the communities which would be incorporated in different chapters with adequate representation of qualitative methods, modelling-based geospatial approach. Therefore, some secondary data-based studies have also been included to provide a broader picture. Additionally, this book aims to provide an interdisciplinary understanding of the issues mainly from the lenses of Geography, Economics, and Sociology as well as Environmental Studies too. Given the focus of this study, it is believed that an approach that harmonizes the cognitive domain from different discipline is appropriated. A combination of chapters using qualitative as well as quantitative methods also made this book exclusive from others. We believe that this edited book surely contributes the knowledge domain with some relevant chapters' discussion in the contemporary time and leads to reduce the gap of knowledge.

The book publishes new developments and advances in the various areas of computational intelligence--quickly and with a high quality. The intent is to cover the theory, applications, and design methods of computational intelligence, as embedded in the fields of engineering, computer science, physics, and life science, as well as the methodologies behind them.The book contains monographs, lecture notes, and edited volumes in computational intelligence spanning the areas of neural networks, connectionist systems, genetic algorithms, evolutionary computation, artificial intelligence, cellular automata, self-organizing systems, soft computing, fuzzy systems, and hybrid intelligent systems. Critical to both contributors and readers are the short publication time and world-wide distribution--this permits a rapid and broad disseminational of research results.Soft computing, as a collection of techniques exploiting approximation and tolerance for imprecision and uncertainty in traditionally intractable problems, has become very effective and popular especially because of the synergy derived from its components. The integration of constituent technologies provides complementary methods that allow developing flexible computing tools and solving complex problems. A wide area of natural applications of soft computing techniques consists of the control of dynamic systems, including robots. Loosely speaking, control can be understood as driving a process to attain a desired goal. Intelligent control can be seen as an extension of this concept, to include autonomous human-like interactions of a machine with the environment.Intelligent robots can be characterized by the ability to operate in an uncertain, changing environment with the help of appropriate sensing. They have the power to autonomously plan and execute motion sequences to achieve a goal specified by a human user without detailed instructions. In this book leading specialists address various theoretical and practical aspects in soft computing, intelligent robotics, and control. The problems discussed are taken from fuzzy systems, neural networks, interactive evolutionary computing, intelligent mobile robotics, and intelligent control of linear and nonlinear dynamic systems.