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The Sumerian celestial object Nibiru signified the deity Marduk. The name is of Akkadian origin and means "crossroads" or "transition point." The vast majority of Babylonian literature relates it to Jupiter. In Tablet 5 of the Enuma Elish, the pole star at the time may have been Thuban or Kochab (Ursa Minor). The term "Nibiru" is taken from 5,000-year-old Sumerian literature and cuneiform tablets. The Sumerian civilization flourished in the fertile regions between the Euphrates and Tigris rivers in the southern area of modern-day Iraq. Its cuneiform symbol was often a cross or a variety of winged discs. Nibiru is often referred to as the "Planet of the Crossing."In the reconstruction of Tablet V of the Enuma Elish by Landsberger and Kinnier Wilson, the term "pole star" is rendered as "ni-bi-ri." It has several variations, such as "ni-bi-ru" and "ni-bi-a-na." Landsberger and Kinnier Wilson think it alludes to a permanent point in the skies since it is contrasted with the term itebbiru, which signifies "who previously crossed." Tablet V's referenced translation uses the phrase "polar star" despite substantial evidence that neberu was a planet in the late eras, either Jupiter or Mercury, according to the authors' remarks.According to the discoveries of ancient astronomers, Nibiru is an actual planet or brown dwarf inside our solar system. Established scientific organizations in astronomy and archaeology consider these hypotheses pseudoscience or fringe science. According to Sumerian cosmology, the twelfth planet in the solar system was Nibiru (which includes 10 planets, the Sun, and the Moon). The Earth, the asteroid belt, and the Moon would have originated due to a catastrophic collision between the planet and Tiamat, a planet between Mars and Jupiter. This was caused by a collision between one of Nibiru's host satellites and Tiamat, which created significant rifts in the Pacific Ocean's crust and left half a planet resembling modern Pangea (our present notion of all continents as one land mass). It was previously believed that such massive celestial bodies could not crash due to the magnetic field's strength. However, the discovery of the Orpheus Theory and the modeling of a collision between two Earth-sized objects have breathed fresh life into this theory.It was the home of the Sumerian mythological Anunnaki, an extraterrestrial species that resembled humans but was considerably more evolved. According to Ryan Moorhen, the Anunnaki persisted and eventually arrived on Earth. Furthermore, Ryan Moorhen said that the destruction of their atmosphere prompted their journey to Earth. They sought gold particles to include in their environment because of their reflectivity, which is still used by NASA plates and other items like astronaut helmet eye shields. According to Ryan Moorhen, they then combined their DNA with that of Homo erectus and genetically altered our species, working us as enslaved people in their gold mines at first.

During the Sumerian era, intelligent and talented individuals lived in the southern Iraq region. Scholars think that the earliest known human civilization emerged "suddenly," "unexpectedly," and "with remarkable abruptness" in the fertile plain watered by the Euphrates and Tigris rivers roughly 6,000 years ago.It was a civilization to which we owe nearly all the "Firsts" that we believe are necessary for a developed society, such as the wheel and methods of transportation on wheels; brick, which is used to build and continues to be used to build large structures; and furnaces and kilns, which are essential to industries ranging from baking to metallurgy.Sumer is credited with creating writing and record-keeping, astronomy, mathematics, towns and urban civilizations, kingships and laws, temples and priests, calendars, festivals, recipes, art, and artifacts. They were the first to record and explain historical events and tell stories about their gods by displaying exquisite sculptures and statuettes at holy sites.Over the last 150 years, several individuals have gained and evaluated scattered Mesopotamian archaeological objects to compile a comprehensive inventory. The names of the academics who made the voyage possible may be seen on many markers along the route that elevated ancient Sumer from obscurity to reverence. We will cover a few individuals who worked in diverse locations. In the last 150 years, archaeology and studying ancient languages have made this workable.

Giants and Gods is an in-depth exploration of two fascinating and mysterious groups of beings that have captured the imagination of people for millennia: the Biblical Nephilim and the Apkallu deities of Mesopotamia. This book delves into the history and mythology surrounding these figures, and examines their significance within both biblical and Mesopotamian narratives.In the Bible, the Nephilim are described as the offspring of angels and human women, and are believed to have been a race of giants who lived before the Great Flood. The Apkallu, on the other hand, were a group of seven divine beings in Mesopotamian mythology who were said to have been sent to earth by the god Enki to bring civilization to humanity.Throughout the book, we explore the fascinating similarities and differences between these two groups, examining the religious and cultural context in which they emerged, and the ways in which they have been interpreted over time. We examine the biblical narrative of the Nephilim in detail, including their origins, their role in the Great Flood, and their continued presence in Jewish and Christian tradition.We also delve into the rich history and mythology surrounding the Apkallu deities, examining their importance within the broader context of Mesopotamian religion and culture. We explore the various texts and artifacts that reference the Apkallu, and examine the ways in which they have been depicted in art and literature.Overall, Giants and Gods offers a fascinating journey through the ancient world, exploring the intersection of religion, mythology, and history through the lens of two mysterious and intriguing groups of beings. Whether you are a scholar of ancient history and religion, or simply someone with a deep interest in these fascinating figures, this book is sure to provide a wealth of insight and knowledge.

"From Gilgamesh to Babylon" invites readers on an immersive voyage through the realms of mythology and history, embarking on a captivating exploration that spans from the legendary hero Gilgamesh to the magnificent city of Babylon. This book intertwines the ancient myths and historical narratives of Mesopotamia, illuminating the wonders of a bygone era.Step into the epic tale of Gilgamesh, the demigod king driven by an unquenchable thirst for immortality. Within the pages of "From Gilgamesh to Babylon," readers unravel the layers of this timeless narrative, unearthing profound themes of mortality, friendship, and the eternal quest for purpose that have enthralled audiences for ages.Beyond the realm of myth, the book ventures into the historical tapestry of ancient Mesopotamia. Witness the rise of Babylon, a majestic city that flourished under the reign of Hammurabi and his renowned Code. Through vivid descriptions and meticulous research, readers gain insights into the daily lives, customs, and beliefs of the ancient Babylonians. From the breathtaking Hanging Gardens to the monumental ziggurats that touched the heavens, the architectural marvels of Babylon spring to life."From Gilgamesh to Babylon" breathes life into the intricate pantheon of gods and goddesses that shaped the spiritual landscape of Mesopotamia. Encounter Ishtar, Marduk, and Ea as their myths intertwine with mortal existence, revealing the religious rituals and mythological beliefs that permeated ancient Babylonian society.By drawing upon historical accounts, archaeological discoveries, and scholarly insights, this book provides a comprehensive and accessible exploration of Mesopotamian mythology and history. It unveils the cultural significance of these ancient myths and their enduring impact on subsequent civilizations, shedding light on the intricate interplay between myth and reality.Through its engaging narrative and meticulous research, "From Gilgamesh to Babylon" serves as a gateway to the past. Discover the timeless heroism of Gilgamesh and immerse yourself in the splendor of Babylon, fostering a deeper appreciation for the rich legacies of Mesopotamian mythology and history that continue to resonate with us today.