Bøger i Astrophysics and Space Science Library serien

As it was said by one of the participants to this workshop"e; In our attempts to understand the spectral evolution of galaxies, we are fortunate indeed to have the ability to look back in time and observe galaxies as they were billions of years ago. Perhaos in no other discipline is it possible to gain such a direct view to hJstory. The galaxies we seek to study are remote, their light faint, and thus only recently has it become technicaJlv feasible to sample the spectra of normal luminosity galaxies at lookback times of five billion years or more"e; .... or, perhaps. even to see galaxies in the process of their formation. or shortly afterwards. This fourth workshop organized by the "e;Advanced School ot Astronomy was indeed centered on the "e;Spectral Evolution of Galaxies"e;. on reviewing and discussing the relevant astrophysical processes and on assessing our current ability to model and understand the evolution of stellar populations. Following an opening session dealing with some outstanding questions of galaxy evolution. Session I addressed the specific problems of galaxy and star formation processes. topics of uncertainty and controversy to which IRAS observations may give novel perspectives. The properties of stellar populations in the local group of galaxies formed the basis of Session II. Session III dealt with the fundaments of the theory of spectral and photometrical evolution of stellar populations. and with recent developments in the theory of stellar structure. a necessary step to model and understand galactic evolution.

The motivation for these volumes is to provide a vision for the future of small telescopes. While this is an admirable task, ultimately I believe that­ as happens all the time in science - the prognostications will be overtaken by a rapidly changing scientific reality. As Virginia Trimble points out in chapter 1, the kinds of big questions that face us as astronomers today are rather different than the ones that drove the construction of astronomical facilities through much of the twentieth century. Right now, it appears that small telescopes will not have a lot of influence in answering those questions, though they will of course contribute enormously to the many issues discussed throughout the three volumes. Weare on the verge of opening a whole new parameter space that may revolutionize the way we think of small telescopes and their role in astronomy - the domain of the rapidly variable sky. While the LSST is the most prominent example, it is a long way in the future. Nemiroff & Rafert (chapter 2) consider the value of monitoring large parts of the sky on a continuous basis, using technology similar to a webcam. They have installed their CONCAM2 at four locations, including Kitt Peak. A related project, built and operated by the Harvard graduate student Gaspar Bakos - HAT-l (Hungarian Automated Telescope) - also is in operation at Kitt Peak.

These are the proceedings of international conference on Numerical As- trophysics 1998 (NAP98), held at National Olympic Memorial Youth Cen- ter, in Tokyo, Japan in the period of March 10 - 13, 1998, and hosted by the National Astronomical Observatory, Japan (NAOJ). In the last decade numerical simulations have grown up as a major tool for astrophysics. Numerical simulations give us invaluable informa- tion on complex systems and physical processes under extreme conditions which can be neither realized by experiments nor directly observed. Super- computers and special purpose computers may work as very large telescopes and special purpose telescopes for theoretical astrophysics, respectively. Nu- merical astrophysics ranks with other tool-oriented astronomy such as ra- dio astronomy, infrared astronomy, ultraviolet astronomy, X-ray astronomy, and ')'-ray astronomy. This conference, NAP98, was planned to explore recent advances in astrophysics aided by numerical simulations. The subjects of the confer- ence included the large-scale structure formation, galaxy formation and evolution, star and planets formation, accretion disks, jets, gravitational wave emission, and plasma physics. NAP98 had also sessions on numerical methods and computer science. The conference was attended by 184 sci- entists from 21 countries. We enjoyed excellent talks, posters, videos, and discussions: there are 40 oral presentations, 96 posters and 16 video pre- sentations. We hope that these proceedings and accompanying CD-ROM replay the friendly but inspiring atmosphere of the conference.