Bøger i Cambridge Library Collection - Cambridge serien

In the original statutes of the University of Cambridge, the Faculties of Physic, Theology and Law had the same formal status. The development of the teaching of medicine at Cambridge over the next 700 years was, however, neither rapid nor smooth. The first recorded medical degrees were awarded in the 1460s; a Professorship of Physic was finally endowed in 1540 by Henry VIII. Sadly, early holders of this Regius Chair generally gave priority to the pursuit of their own interests over the burden of educating medical students. It was the 1817 appointment of Dr John Haviland that ushered in the modern era of medical education and research at Cambridge. This history, first published in 1932, describes the stages in this process, focusing on the individuals who were key to its success and who laid the foundations for the respected clinical school and leading medical research laboratories of Cambridge today.

Christopher Wordsworth (1848-1938), was a great-nephew of the poet, and part of a Victorian dynasty of Cambridge academics. In this book, published in 1877, he describes the state of the English universities in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, before the reforms following the 1852 Royal Commission. He reviews the historic areas of study from the arts and mathematics to the 'trivials' - grammar, logic and rhetoric - and discusses the introduction of more recent disciplines such as physics, anatomy, chemistry, mineralogy and botany. His stated aim is to preserve an account of 'the methods and processes of University Study through which were educated the minds which have done so much to make our University and our Country what they are'. A companion volume, Wordsworth's Social Life at the English Universities in the Eighteenth Century is also reissued in the Cambridge Library Collection.

This is the story of the Franciscan friary in Cambridge, founded in 1225. It describes the new alliance between poverty and learning that was to give fresh vigour to the Order, deeply influencing the life of England as a whole. It provides biographical notes on many Cambridge Franciscans, including the Custodes, Wardens, Vice-Wardens and Lectors, and on the dispute of 1303-6 between the friars and the university. It ends with the dissolution of the Cambridge house in 1538, and the driving out of the friars. The book is an extended version of John R. H. Moorman's Birkbeck Lectures of 1948-9.

First published in 1913, John Venn's collection of writings describes college life in the early days of the University of Cambridge. Venn, a leading British logician and moral scientist, was president of Gonville and Caius College, and had been a student at Cambridge in the 1850s. This volume of 'reminiscences of a reading man' contains articles he contributed to the college magazine, The Caian and speeches and addresses given at College Chapel and Hall. These are interspersed with letters written by seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Cambridge scholars, and embedded in a commentary that provides additional insights into student life and university politics. He also includes, as an appendix, 'College Life and Ways Sixty Years Ago', recounting his own student experiences. Ranging from the Elizabethan to the Victorian era, Early Collegiate Life offers an honest and delightful glimpse into the daily lives of Cambridge scholars of the past.

'Grace books' were the volumes in which scribes recorded decisions of the administration of the University of Cambridge during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. Many of the 'graces' concern the conferral of degrees on individuals, but others refer to more general University business including appointment of teachers and preachers, leaves of absence, inventories and financial records, and the resolution of disputes. Grace Book A covers the period from 1454 to 1488. The Introduction by Stanley M. Leathes explains the medieval terminology and the administrative systems underlying it, and a thorough index is also provided. The Latin documents transcribed and printed in this 1897 publication are a valuable source for those researching fifteenth-century British history and institutions, and this reissue will make them readily available to scholars today.

This report of the influential Royal Commission was first published in 1852. It resulted from a thorough inquiry 'into the State, Discipline, Studies, and Revenues of the University and Colleges of Cambridge' overseen by distinguished Victorian figures including the Bishop of Chester, George Peacock, Sir John F. W. Herschel, Sir John Romilly and Adam Sedgwick. It includes details relating to the foundation and constitution of the University; employed positions, from Chancellor to Senate members; academic degrees offered; professorships and faculty boards; financial particulars, such as tuition fees, fellowships, and revenues; and facilities, including colleges, laboratories, museums, libraries, hostels and the University Press. This comprehensive account of the material and human assets of the University of Cambridge during the nineteenth century sheds light on the educational reforms which were then gathering pace. It will be of interest to social and economic historians of the Victorian period, and of the university.

Christopher Wordsworth (1848-1938), was a great-nephew of the poet, and part of a Victorian dynasty of Cambridge academics. Social Life at the English Universities in the Eighteenth Century, first published in 1874 while Wordsworth was a Fellow of Peterhouse, is a comprehensive survey of student life in England a century earlier. Its seven appendices include the diary of a student at Trinity College, Cambridge during the last decade of the eighteenth century. Wordsworth's research covered hundreds of works relating to the political and moral condition of the universities, relations between different categories of members, and proposals for reform that were put forward at the time. Music, dramatic entertainment, and expenses are other areas explored in this thorough overview, which remains a useful source for historians of education and society. A companion volume, Wordsworth's Scholae Academicae is also reissued in the Cambridge Library Collection.

University Oars is a compilation of letters of response to the author from the participants of the Oxford and Cambridge boat races. John Edward Morgan, himself a former university oarsman and physician to the Manchester Royal Infirmary, spent four years sending inquiries and compiling responses in his effort to shed some light on an important perceived physiological problem which he sought to investigate for the welfare of the rising generation. Published in 1873, his responses numbered 251 out of 255 letters sent to university oarsmen, detailing the athletes' current physical and mental condition. Morgan's findings dispel the widely held notion of the time that the famous test of strength and endurance had adverse latent physiological and psychological effects on its stalwart participants.

This revised edition of Adam Wall's 1798 guide to the formal ceremonies of the University of Cambridge - written by Henry Gunning (1764-1854), at the time Senior Esquire Bedell, and published in 1828 - was intended to help 'that very numerous Class, who are desirous of proceeding to their degrees, but are utterly at a loss what steps to take for that purpose'. It goes through the academic year, from Michaelmas Day to the 'Public Commencement' in July, explains the procedure for electing or appointing the university officers, from the Member of Parliament to the 'School-keeper and Bell-ringer', and lists the various fees (including Stamp Duty) payable by the students before proceeding to their degrees. Gunning expressed 'sincere acknowledgements to the Syndics of the Press for their liberality in defraying the expenses of this publication', testifying to close co-operation between the Press and the University on this fascinating project.

Adam Sedgwick (1785-1873) was Professor of Geology at Cambridge from 1818, and in 1819 helped to found the Cambridge Philosophical Society. The 'Discourse' at the heart of this book first appeared in 1833. In it he urged students to develop their characters in this 'place of sound learning and Christian education'. He describes the subjects studied in the university - the 'laws of nature', ancient literature and language, and ethics and metaphysics - and their purpose in the service of God. By the time this fifth edition was published in 1850, however, the book had (as Charles Darwin put it in a letter to the author) 'wonderfully grown', with a Preface of 422 pages and an appendix, ranging very widely over the scientific and philosophical debates of the day, as well as ethics and religion. It provides a fascinating overview of a period of scientific revolution for historians of science and education.

This volume contains five pamphlets which illustrate the world in which Charles Darwin moved in Cambridge, and the slow development of life and earth sciences as subjects of academic study. (Darwin himself was officially following a course of study which would fit him to become an Anglican parson). The first pamphlet (from 1821) is a proposed series of lectures on geology by Adam Sedgwick, who taught Darwin the rudiments of the subject during a tour of north Wales. The next two are botany courses proposed by John Stevens Henslow, the mentor and close friend who first suggested that Darwin should go as naturalist on the Beagle voyage. Henslow read extracts of Darwin's letters to him to a meeting of the Cambridge Philosophical Society and published them at his own expense (the fourth pamphlet). The final pamphlet is an impassioned plea from Henslow for support for a new University Botanic Garden.

In this 1922 book, the first of four on the history of Cambridge in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, D.A. Winstanley, a Fellow of Trinity College and leading historiographer, explored the close ties between the academic and political worlds in the mid-eighteenth century. The book focuses on the role and achievements of the Duke of Newcastle, a Whig politician, as Chancellor of the University during the period 1748 to 1768. It makes extensive use of primary sources including the Duke's own records, which provide valuable documentation not only about his own activities but also about wider issues. Winstanley gives a detailed account of the inner working structures of the university and the colleges, introduces some of the most significant Cambridge personalities, and assesses the Duke's contribution to the university's development. His book remains of lasting interest to historians of education and the university.

This is the last of four books on the history of Cambridge University by the distinguished historian and Fellow of Trinity College D.A. Winstanley, first published in 1947. It covers the period from 1860 to 1882, when new University Statutes resulting from the Royal Commission were implemented in the face of considerable opposition. The author records with evident satisfaction that during this period a number of important reforms were finally achieved. The book is meticulously researched and documented, but Winstanley's energy, enthusiasm, and taste for quirky detail is evident throughout. He describes allegations of a college Mastership obtained 'by crooked means', the University's unpopular power to arrest and imprison young women on suspicion of prostitution, the real reasons behind the ban on college Fellows marrying, how the stringent religious tests were eventually relaxed, and how educational standards were raised by measures including better teaching, restructured subject areas, and tougher examinations.

Denys Arthur Winstanley (1877-1947), was a Fellow of Trinity College from 1906 until his death. His work included four important books on the history of the University of Cambridge between 1750 and 1882. This volume describes the many reforms to the educational system made during the early Victorian period: changes in college and university statutes, reform of the examinations, the foundation of Downing College and of Regius Professorships. Adopting an episodic rather than chronological approach, he is able to tease out specific controversies of the period such as a contested change of Mastership in Trinity, or the struggle for power in the Fitzwilliam Museum Syndicate. The extensive historical research in this book means that it holds its value today as a reliable source of information for historians of education in the early nineteenth century.

This vintage book by the distinguished historian D.A. Winstanley describes Cambridge University in the eighteenth century, a period supposedly characterised by lazy, drunken students, academics preoccupied with their own advancement, and institutionalised resistance to reform. Winstanley's objective was to discover how such a state of affairs came about, and was able to continue for so long. His book is a gold-mine of facts, anecdotes and contemporary descriptions of life at Cambridge. The author explains how Fellows and Professors were elected, how students chose their colleges, and how teaching was organised. Fellows were not permitted to marry, and graduation involved assenting to Anglicanism. There are accounts of bribery, blackmail and brawls. However, amid the morass of 'torpidity', energetic and right-thinking individuals emerged to challenge the status quo and promote educational and institutional reforms.

First published in 1934, this historical survey of the application of the Poor Law in Cambridgeshire covers the period from its codification under Queen Elizabeth I to the Amendment Act of 1834. Resulting from the author's extensive analysis of parish records, accounts and court proceedings, the examination of a largely agricultural county marks it out from many other such studies. Cambridgeshire is a unique area; although under a strong metropolitan influence due to its geographical proximity to London and its links to the capital via the University of Cambridge, it contains few towns or large villages. The scattered population meant efforts to group areas for the purposes of administration during the period in question were largely unsuccessful. Instead, E.M. Hampson's study reveals that local autonomy led to large variations in the application of the Poor Law.

Originally published in 1920, this digest of medieval records provides a source of reference for the baronial, honorial and manorial history of Cambridgeshire. It draws on materials including the Domesday Survey, the Inquisitio Comitatus Cantabrigiae and a variety of eleventh- and twelfth-century texts to produce abbreviated summaries of the feudal records of the county. It indicates the size of each county subdivision and lists the respective honours and baronies under which the land was held. An index of names and places, together with a general index, allow for easy access to the content. The book remains a useful resource for medievalists and local historians today.

Beneath Cambridgeshire's towns, villages, farmland, hills, fens and waterways lie the rocks that display a variety of geological landscapes. Basement rocks are buried under sandy deposits from ancient tropical seas. The rising and tilting of the land due to large-scale movements permitted water flows that produced gradual alterations. Glaciation, erosion and dramatic variations in climate all wrought more rapid changes. The consequences of these processes are revealed in this scholarly 1897 account of the geology of Cambridgeshire, which integrated the latest research then available. Proceeding from the most ancient to the most recent beds, systematic consideration is given to the features, distribution and modes of formation, as well as the economic implications of the various strata. Discussions of palaeontology, including detailed lists of site-specific fossils, and of water supply are also provided. An appendix, lists, maps, memoirs and other publications of H.M. Geological Survey from 1814 to 1897 are included.

This flora, published in 1964, was the first comprehensive account of Cambridgeshire's plants since Babington's of 1860. Based on records to the end of 1962, it details 1509 species. These comprise 27 pteridophytes, 3 gymnosperms, 1223 angiosperms and 256 bryophytes. The following information is provided for each of the species: scientific name; well-known vernacular name, if any; first known record of the plant in the county; synonyms; habitat; notes on rare, difficult or interesting species; distribution by OS grid reference numbers. The introduction examines local topography, climate, the main geological areas and vegetation types, together with a history of botanical investigation in the county. Important localities are noted, highlighting key species that could then be found. Botanists, conservationists and naturalists will find this historic flora provides a valuable baseline for contemporary studies, including those focusing on biodiversity, extinction or the effects of climate change.

When Charles Henry Cooper (1808-66) undertook to revise the text of Le Keux's 1841 Memorials of Cambridge, he was under the impression that 'only a slight amount of labour' would be needed. However, the new three-volume edition, published in 1860, was extensively re-written, and had new illustrations added.

Henry Gunning (1768-1854) was an official of the University of Cambridge for over sixty years. Published shortly after his death, this two-volume work gives an entertaining view of university life between 1784 and 1830. Volume 1, dealing with his first ten years at Cambridge, depicts student life and pastimes.

Published in 1876, and written by the mathematician Isaac Todhunter (1820-84), this two-volume biography of one of Trinity College's most distinguished masters combines an account of Whewell's life with extracts from his personal letters. It includes correspondence with friends and colleagues including Sir John Herschel and Sir Charles Lyell.

Charles Astor Bristed (1820-1874) was an American scholar and author who graduated from Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1845 and published an account of his experiences in 1852. Volume 1 contains a detailed recollection of his daily life as a student at Cambridge.

Published anonymously in 1827, this work offers a lively account of life at Cambridge University during a period of intense intellectual activity in British mathematics. Volume 1 covers Wright's first two years at Trinity College, capturing the triumphs and tribulations of undergraduate life at Cambridge.

This account of the University Archives at Cambridge describes the growth of the archives from their beginnings in the thirteenth century and provides a survey of the main groups of records in the context of the University. The appendices include a list of muniments of title to landed property.

This compilation of records, charters, and statutes, many in the original Latin, was first published in 1852. Volume 2 includes the original charters for seven of the oldest colleges as well as the 1573 will of college founder Dr John Caius.

This volume, the last in Mullinger's landmark three-volume history, covers the political turmoil of the Civil War and the Restoration, ending symbolically with the death of the last of the Cambridge Platonists, the major philosophical movement of the seventeenth century.

Charles Henry Cooper (1808-1866) was a Cambridge resident, town clerk, solicitor and local historian. His five-volume Annals of Cambridge tell the story of the town and the university from their beginnings to the Victorian era. Volume 1 covers the period up to 1546.

The celebrated classicist Richard Bentley (1662-1742) corresponded with scholars from all over Europe. These two volumes of his correspondence, published in 1842, provide fascinating insights into his intellectual world. Volume 2 contains letters written and received between 1712 and 1740, many relating to his controversial mastership of Trinity College, Cambridge.

These 'letters to an undergraduate' were published in 1845, two years after the death of their author, the poet and missionary Thomas Whytehead, who felt strongly that new undergraduates should have a spiritual and moral guide to life in college as well as a history of university institutions and customs.