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First published in 1872, this three-volume comparative grammar of the Indo-Aryan languages was written by the British civil servant John Beames (1837-1902). Volume 1 focuses on phonetics and phonology, exploring the languages' vowel and consonant systems, and how their phonology has changed over time.

Hermann Osthoff (1847-1909) and Karl Brugmann (1849-1919) were prominent members of the Neogrammarian school of linguistics. This six-volume work, published between 1878 and 1910, develops the theory that European languages, together with certain languages of central and southern Asia, have a common origin in a prehistoric Indo-European language.

This monumental work by the German linguist Wilhelm von Humboldt (1767-1835), published posthumously in 1836-9, analyses the classical literary language of Java. Volume 1 includes Humboldt's 1836 essay on language and a preface by his brother Alexander, and discusses Sanskrit and Buddhist influences on Javan language and society.

The distinguished German philologist Hermann Hirt (1865-1936) wrote this seven-volume grammar soon after the discovery of Tocharian and the decipherment of Hittite. Volume 1 (1927) introduces the Indo-European language family, considers etymology and semantic shift, and provides a detailed analysis of the Indo-European consonant system.

Jacob Grimm's two-volume history of German was first published in 1848. It is noteworthy especially for the chapter on the major sound shift now known as Grimm's Law. It also contains a wealth of comparative material on phonology, vocabulary and grammar within Germanic and across the Indo-European spectrum.

The eight volumes of the Grammatici Latini, edited by Heinrich Keil (1822-1894) and published by Teubner between 1855 and 1880, are an outstanding monument of nineteenth-century German philology. The final volume contains the Anecdota Helvetica, a collection of writings on Latin grammar from the library of the Benedictine abbey at Einsiedeln in Switzerland.

The eight volumes of the Grammatici Latini, edited by Heinrich Keil (1822-1894) and published by Teubner between 1855 and 1880, are an outstanding monument of nineteenth-century German philology. The fourth volume contains the works of Probus, Donatus, Servius and Sergius.

The eight volumes of the Grammatici Latini, edited by Heinrich Keil (1822-1894) and published by Teubner between 1855 and 1880, are an outstanding monument of nineteenth-century German philology. The third volume contains the last six books of Priscian's Institutiones Grammaticae and Priscian's minor works.

The eight volumes of the Grammatici Latini, edited by Heinrich Keil (1822-1894) and published by Teubner between 1855 and 1880, are an outstanding monument of nineteenth-century German philology. The first volume contains the work of Charisius and Diomedes.

William Marsden (1754-1836) was a pioneer in the study of oriental languages, in particular those of modern-day Malaysia and Indonesia, where he lived for nine years. Published in 1796, this work helped fuel the growing interest in languages and philology at the turn of the nineteenth century.

Published in 1887 with the aim of promoting interest in the Cornish language, this was the first resource to provide Cornish translations for English words and phrases. Compiled by Frederick W. P. Jago (1817-92), it also contains literal translations of biblical texts, such as Genesis and the Ten Commandments.

Henry Sweet's work on the sounds of English was first published in 1874, and in this revised version in 1888. Originally intended as a monograph on two sounds only, it ended up as a much broader book, including an investigation of dialects and medieval and modern English sounds.

The work of Henry Sweet (1845-1912), the renowned philologist and phonetician, revolutionised the study of linguistics in Britain and Europe. This two-volume work, published 1892-8, was the first scientific grammar of English. Volume 1 contains the first study of English phonology alongside accidence and the history of English.

Together with companion lectures (also reissued), this popular textbook won Joseph Priestley (1733-1804) a reputation as one of the foremost grammarians of his time. Unlike many comparable works, it assumes no knowledge of Latin, championing usage above all other linguistic standards. This second edition first appeared in 1769.

The polymath Joseph Priestley (1733-1804) delivered this lecture series in 1762, arguing that the purpose of rhetoric is moral formation. First published in 1777, and reissued here in its 1781 printing, the work draws on the theory of psychological associationism as developed by John Locke and David Hartley.

The Bohemian scholar Joseph Dobrowsky (1753-1829) first published this work in 1792. Reissued here is the revised and expanded edition of 1818, outlining the development of the Czech language and listing the most important Bohemian theological and literary writings from the sixth to the sixteenth century.

Henry Sweet (1845-1912) was a philologist whose work was regarded as seminal. His textbooks on Old English remain standard works. The present work, first published in 1877, inspired European interest in phonetic studies. Sweet presents a general theory of phonetics, illustrated by examples of transcription from various languages.

Johan Ludwig Krapf (1810-81), a German-born missionary in Africa, is considered the father of Swahili studies in Europe. He created the first Swahili dictionary, which was published posthumously in 1882. This important lexicon also contains notes on Swahili culture and customs, together with an introduction to Swahili grammar.

Heymann Steinthal (1823-99) was a German philologist and university professor who insisted that the development of linguistics could be properly understood only when viewed within a general cultural and philosophical framework. This 1863 work explores Greek and Roman philology and philosophy and their relationship to logic.

The twentieth-century revival of interest in the Cornish language sprang from the efforts of activists like Henry Jenner (1848-1934), who published this Handbook in 1904, while employed at the British Museum. The book introduces the history of Cornish, its grammar, and topics including literature, names, dates and swearing.

Theodor Koch-Grunberg was a noted German ethnologist whose work on the indigenous peoples of Brazil and Venezuela is still consulted today. This volume contains the linguistic data collected on his 1911-1913 expedition. It covers nineteen languages and includes a grammar of Taulipang (Taurepan) with word lists and texts.

Produced in 1800 by a lieutenant of the East India Company for newcomers to India, this was the first glossary of Indian terms widely used by the English in daily life and administrative situations. While promoting communication, it was not designed for the formal study of Indian languages.

Described by Ken Hale as 'nothing less than a masterpiece' and by P. H. Matthews as 'absolutely clear, astonishingly complete, factually fascinating', The Languages of Australia (1980) was a landmark in Australian linguistics. Its opening chapters provide a non-technical introduction to over two hundred languages forming this extraordinary linguistic heritage.

William Dwight Whitney (1827-94) was the foremost American philologist and Sanskrit scholar of the nineteenth century. This 1875 study of the development of languages shows how evolutionary theory was applied to other branches of academic study. Whitney concludes with a discussion of philological research methods.

This 1892 dictionary lists loan words from European languages which entered mainstream English after 1470, together with loans from further afield. It shows how the English lexicon was dramatically expanded by these borrowings. Each entry includes the meaning of the word in its original language and historical examples of usage.

This 1822 book was a landmark publication of early Indo-European comparative philology, compiled by Johann Severin Vater (1771-1826), professor at Halle. It includes a substantial contribution by Rasmus Rask, who first identified the relationship between Greek, Latin, Slavonic and Germanic, and chapters on Albanian, Gaelic, and (unrelated) Georgian.

This 1878 study of the indigenous Australians in the Victoria region brings together the observations of those who lived or worked closely with the Aboriginal population in the mid- to late nineteenth century. Illustrated throughout, the volume preserves much information about Aboriginal society that might otherwise have been lost.

Karl von den Steinen's classic work, first published in 1894, recounts his second expedition to the Xingu River in Northeastern Brazil in the years 1887-1888. It describes how he and his fellow scientists made significant discoveries in geography, cartography and ethnology, and includes a glossary of local languages.

Wilhelm von Humboldt's classic study of human language was published posthumously in 1836. It summarises the author's theoretical views of language, its universal structures and its relation to mind, education and culture. It influenced generations of linguists and is central for today's renewed scholarly interest in Humboldt and his thought.

The eight volumes of the Grammatici Latini, edited by Heinrich Keil (1822-1894) and published by Teubner between 1855 and 1880, are an outstanding monument of nineteenth-century German philology. The seventh volume contains writings on orthography by Terentius Scaurus and Bede among others.