Bøger i De Gruyter STEM serien

This book is devoted to the chemistry of oil and petroleum products and covers the broad range of topics from heavy fuel oils, crude oils and (diluted) bitumen to today's research on asphaltenes. Recent methods are summarized and the large new groups of chemicals found in oils are identifi ed as well as described. The work points the way for a more complete understanding of the composition of petroleum. Highlights include: An update on oil fi ngerprinting New data using Fourier transform mass spectrometry, forensic tools for naphthenic acid fraction compounds in oil sand environmental samples Data on vanadium and nickel content changes in the resins of heavy oils, characteristics of their structural and group composition, and the content of heteroatomic (N, S, O) compounds Study of asphaltenes using direct molecular imaging employing atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) confi rming early findings of the dominance of the 'island' molecular structure An update on the Yen-Mullins model of asphaltenes in reservoirs giving the requisite solution to the asphaltene particle size, thus resolving the gravity term for thermodynamic modeling. A modifi ed polymer solution theory, the Flory-Huggins-Zuo (FHZ) EoS, is provided to model asphaltene gradients in reservoirs. A suite of oils from the Tarim Basin, Qaidam Basin, Ordos Basin, and Liaohe Basin, China is characterized geochemically to clarify factors that can affect the concentrations and distributions of pyrrolic nitrogen compounds (PNCs) in crude oils. An update on biomarkers in crude oils Updates on mass spectrometry techniques applicable to crude oils

The modernization of science and technology using nanomaterials will open a new paradigm to meet the increasing energy demand. This book provides an in-depth understanding of theoretical perspectives from molecular and atomic levels. The modern analytical techniques explored provide an understanding of the interactions of particles at interfaces. This book gives a holistic view of materials synthesis, analysis, application, and safe handling.

This book is dedicated to the discussion of several biomedical applications of the mechanical phenotyping of cells and tissues to specific disease models. The topical chapters on mechanics in disease are preceded by chapters describing cell and tissue structure and their relationship with the biomechanical properties, as well as by the description of dedicated sample preparation methods for the nano- and microscale mechanical measurements.

The book covers basic theory, progress and applications of sodium-ion batteries. It intoduces the reader to anode, cathode, electrolyte battery materials and properties. It also describes compatibility and stability of the whole battery system. It is a valuable resource for anyone interested in energy storage.

Tellurium, a well-known chalcogen, finds potential applications in various fields from chemistry to other branches of science such as nanotechnology and macromolecular science. However, its safety must also be taken into consideration when exploring its industrial applications. This book explores the breadth of tellurium's applications, outlines strategies for industrial use, and describes the safety concerns of this element.

Um die digitale Transformation in Organisation erfolgreich zu gestalten ist ein Basiswissen über technologische Innovationen erforderlich. Das Buch führt in die Grundlagen des Dokumentenmanagement (Content Services) und Data Governance ein und bietet einen Einstieg in die innovativen Anwendungsmöglichkeiten der Blockchain Technologie und Knowledge Graphen. Für jedes Thema werden Checklisten für den Praxiseinsatz bereitgestellt. Es ist als Lehrbuch für Weiterbildungen und Hochschulen gestaltet und wird an der Kalaidos Fachhochschule in den Studiengängen Digitale Transformation und Mastering Disruptive Technologies eingesetzt.

Engineered Nanoparticles in Agriculture describes synthesis, properties, and application of nanoparticles to crops at pre- and post-harvest level. The book is ideal for research scientists and graduate students working in the area of plant science and nanotechnology. It will also appeal to agrochemical companies interested in new approaches to improve crops quality and yield.

This introduction to thermodynamics discusses typical phase diagrams features and presents the wide range of techniques such as Differential Scanning Calorimetry, Thermogravimetry and others. In the last part the author brings many examples for typical practical problems often solved by thermal analysis. As an instructive guideline for practitioners the work reveals the connection between experimental data and theoretical model and vice versa.

The book introduces the innovative chemical recycling technologies being developed at various scales, from pyrolysis of mixed plastics, to unzipping of polymers into their respective monomers, to breaking down plastics into entirely new chemicals. It is ideal for industrial and academic researchers investigating chemical methods for managing plastic waste and synthetic pathways for breaking down plastic waste into usable chemical building blocks.

After introducing the basics of optical resonators and cavity quantum electrodynamics, this book illustrates several aspects of fiber-based resonators: from their employment in daily life and precision experiments to the different design techniques, including the most recent developments in the field. The book describes in detail the applications to different research areas and highlights the future potential as quantum technology devices.

Aromatic compounds are a diverse and fascinating class of compounds with wide-ranging importance. This book provides an overview of the synthesis and reactivity of aromatic compounds. The publication covers the many important reaction types, such as electrophilic and nucleophilic substitution, the reactivity of benzynes, aryllithium chemistry, and transition metal-mediated reactions. It also includes a discussion of the synthesis of heteroaromatic compounds, polycyclic aromatic compounds, and nonplanar aromatic systems. This book focusses on reaction mechanisms and numerous examples of applications in multistep synthesis of aromatic compounds.

This book is a comprehensive introduction to all aspects of self-reinforced polymer composites (SRCs) science and technology. After introducing the fundamental characteristics of SRCs, ample space is given to manufacturing, processing, characterization and application techniques. The approach is didactic and focused on formulations, illustrations and applications, which makes the book ideal for students, teachers and practitioners alike.

E-Learning und Online-Learning haben in den letzten Jahren - nicht zuletzt durch die Corona-bedingte Zunahme von Home-Office und Home-Schooling - an Bedeutung gewonnen. Dieses Buch zeigt neue Trends, Erfolgsfaktoren und Einsatzkonzepte von digitalen Lehr- und Lernformen anhand zahlreicher neuer konkreter Beispiele sowohl aus der betrieblichen Praxis weltweit operierender Unternehmen, als auch aus renommierten Hochschulen auf.

Atmospheric aerosols are an important and a highly complex component of the Earth's atmosphere that alter the radiative forcing and the chemical composition of the gas phase. These effects have impacts on local air quality and the global climate. Atmospheric Aerosol Chemistry outlines research findings to date in aerosol chemistry and advances in analytical tools used in laboratory settings for studying their surface and bulk reactivity.

Dieses Buch behandelt die begrifflichen und sachlichen Grundlagen der Flugnavigation sowie die mathematisch-geometrischen Zusammenhänge mit zahlreichen Berechnungsbeispielen. Wegen des engen Bezugs zur Kartographie, welche die benötigten raum- und sachbezogenen Informationen für die thematischen Karten und Navigationsdatenbanken bereitstellt, sind die theoretischen Aspekte sowie der praktische Gebrauch und die Interpretation moderner Navigationskarten inhaltlicher Schwerpunkt. Weiterer Schwerpunkt ist die leistungsbasierte Navigation, wie diese in der heutigen Luftfahrtpraxis mithilfe integrierter bordseitiger Navigationssysteme in Verbindung mit den Ab- und Anflugverfahren realisiert wird. Hierbei werden Funk-, Trägheits- und Satellitennavigation kombiniert. Mithin widmet sich dieses Buch den Letzteren in einer angemessenen Detailtiefe sowie der Architektur der Bordsysteme am Beispiel der weltweit verbreiteten Airbus A320-Flugzeugfamilie. Des Weiteren werden relevante Aspekte der Flugsicherung einbezogen. Zielgruppe sind alljene, die ihre Ausbildung zum Piloten oder Fluglotsen mit einem Studium im Bereich der Luftfahrt kombinieren, Verfahrensplanende bei der Flugsicherung, Studierende des Verkehrsingenieurwesens oder der Geowissenschaften und alle, die sich für Navigationskarten und -systeme sowie die damit verbundenen aktuellen Technologien begeistern. Die vorliegende zweite Auflage ist gleichermaßen geeignet für Neueinsteiger und Fortgeschrittene, die Praxisbeispiele verhelfen zum "Ankommen". Zahlreiche hochwertige Abbildungen fördern die Anschaulichkeit, großer Wert wird auf Allgemeinverständlichkeit gelegt bei dennoch mathematischer Fundierung. Das Buchkonzept mit dem Schwerpunkt auf aktueller Thematik bindet die traditionellen Navigationssysteme jedoch soweit ein, dass die Leserinnen und Leser Kenntnisse erwerben, welche ihnen dazu verhelfen, oben genannte Systeme als alleinige Navigationsmittel anwenden zu können. Auch werden die vom Luftfahrtbundesamt für die Ausbildung zum Verkehrsflugzeugführer im Fach Navigation geforderten Inhalte im Wesentlichen abgedeckt.

This book focuses on the processes and materials behind energy technologies. The author details the underlying chemistry of renewable sources, such as biofuels and wind power, as well as the traditionally used coal and gas. Chapters on energy storage technologies and the connection between energy generation and climate change round off this uniquely concise overview of the relationship between chemistry and energy.

Offers the reader a modern approach to reactor description and modelling. Using the widely applied numerical language MATLAB, it provides the reader with categorized groups of general code for a wide variety of chemical reactors. Being designed as a tool for researchers and professionals, the code can easily be extended and adapted by the reader to their own specific problems.

Self-organization of matter is observed in every context and on all scales, from the nanoscale of quantum fields and subatomic particles to the macroscale of galaxy superclusters. This book analyzes the wide range of patterns of organization present in nature, highlighting their similarities rather than their differences. This unconventional approach results in an illuminating read which should be part of any Physics student's background.

From the content: Introduction Mathematical modelling Measurement Scientific explanation Context of discovery Context of justification Uncertainty of scientific knowledge Morality and moral philosophy System ofvalues associated with science General principles of moral decision-making Researchethics Methodological and ethical issues related to experimentation Methodological and ethical issues to researchinformation Methodological and ethical issuesrelated to legal protection of intellectual property

Research into "e;smart rubbers"e;, i.e. elastomeric materials that respond to external stimuli, has increased dramatically recently, predominantly due to the growing need for improved materials for new applications. This book aims to provide an overview over the field of smart rubber research. Examples of the various components involved in smart rubbers are highlighted and discussed. Different types of stimuli and numerous applications are explained.

This book provides chemical concepts as well as crucial steps for inorganic water and wastewater treatment. Examples and tools help to understand and to guide through industrial and natural water process engineering. Students in chemical and environmental engineering as well as researchers and professionals benefit from this concise and explanatory book.

Die moderne globalisierte Fertigung erfordert den Austausch eindeutiger und widerspruchsfreier Fertigungsunterlagen. Diese müssen überal gelesen und verstanden werden, um einen hohen Qualitätsanspruch gewährleisten zu können. Das ISO-Normenwerk hat hierzu das Konzept der Geometrischen Produktspezifizierung (GPS) geschaffen, welches auf CAD und die digitale Koordinatenmesstechnik ausgerichtet ist. Die GPS-Regeln geben vor, wie Bauteile in technischen Zeichnungen dimensionell, geometrisch und oberflächentechnisch zu beschreiben sind. Dafür wurden eine Vielzahl neuer Normen mit speziellen Kurzeichen, Symbolen und Regeln erlassen, die ein Konstrukteur anwenden muss, um bestimmte Produkteigenschaften zu erhalten. Die darauf beruhende Beschreibungssprache hat international eine große Bedeutung erlangt, da sie die Funktionalität, Kosten und Qualitätsfähigkeit von Produkten zu sichern hilft. Das Buch legt den aktuellen Normenstand im Zusammenhang mit der Erstellung richtiger Fertigungsunterlagen da. Es zeigt die zweckgerechte Anwendung der Symbolik, 2D- und 3D-CAD-Bemaßungs- und Tolerierungsregeln, Messgrundsätze und Oberflächenspezifizierung. An einer Vielzahl von Beispielen wird die richtige Übertragung und Anwendung gezeigt. Vor dem Hintergrund der Fertigung 4.0 ist das Buch hoch aktuell. Die Zielgruppen sind technische Produktdesigner/inen, Studierende an Fachhochschulen und Universitäten, Berufspraktiker im Maschinen- und Automobilbau.