Bøger i International Archives of the History of Ideas / Archives Internationales d'Histoire des Idees serien

The book offers an analysis of Joachim Jungius¿ Texturæ Contemplatio - a hitherto-unpublished manuscript written in German and Latin that deals with weaving, knitting and other textile practices, attempting to present as well various fabrics and textile techniques in a scientifical and even mathematical framework. The book aims to provide the epistemological, technical and historic framework for Jungius¿ manuscript, inspecting fabrics, weaving techniques as well as looms and other textile machines in Holy Roman Empire during the Early Modern Period. It also offers a unique investigation of the notion and metaphor of ¿texture¿ during this period, and explores, within the wider context of the ¿meeting¿ or ¿trading zones¿ thesis, the relations between artisans and natural philosophers during the 17th century. The book is of interest to historians of philosophy and mathematics, as well as historians of technology.

This volume emphasizes the diversity and fruitfulness of early modern mechanism as a program, as a concept, as a model. Mechanistic study of the living body but also of the mind and mental processes are examined in careful historical focus, dealing with figures ranging from the first-rank (Bacon, Descartes, Spinoza, Cudworth, Gassendi, Locke, Leibniz, Kant) to less well-known individuals (Scaliger, Martini) or prominent natural philosophers who have been neglected in recent years (Willis, Steno, etc.). The volume moves from early modern medicine and physiology to late Enlightenment and even early 19th-century psychology, always maintaining a conceptual focus. It is a contribution to a newly active field in the history and philosophy of early modern life science. It is of interest to scholars studying the history of medicine and the development of mechanistic theories.

This book describes the international effort to give order to colours and thus facilitate communication about it, two topics deemed essential to a modernising world that were also recognizably complex. Expert essays will enhance readers' understanding of the struggle to coordinate nature with art at a time when approaches to both were undergoing rapid change. Ordering Colours shows how such seemingly trivial concerns as identifying the basic colours and disseminating appropriate colour diagrams had to meet philosophical, scientific and professional needs across Europe. Contributors detail the many schemes for colour systematization and their real-world applications; questions of concern to both academic- and manufacturing-focused investigators throughout the long 18th century. They bring together original research and new thinking about landmark early modern studies to address important developments as well as neglected historical contributions of European arts, sciences, andeconomies. This collection is an important addition to the libraries of all who are interested in public culture and manufacturing developments in the early modern period and is aimed at historians of art, technology, philosophy and physics.

The book examines the life and the writings of Gabriele Biondo, a secular priest who lived in the little town of Modigliana between the second half of the fifteenth century and the first decades of the sixteenth century. Through a careful examination of his writings and the sources he used, this book allows the reader to obtain a more precise understanding of Biondo, his background, his life, his movements, the difficulties that he encountered (mainly with the ecclesiastical authorities and the other members of the clergy, but also with civic leaders), and the main events of his life. Additionally, Biondo was the leader of a minor following formed by nuns, secular women, and laymen. Therefore, this book illustrates Biondös pastoral activity, the ideas and principles that supported his actions, and the objectives he was pursuing. Given these various objectives, this book is of interest to those scholars and academics interested in the religious tensions that swept through Europe inthe years immediately preceding the Protestant Reformation and who, consequently, seek to investigate Biondös personal and complex answer to these tensions.

¿More than any other living scholar of medieval philosophy, Gyula Klima has influenced the way we read and understand philosophical texts by showing how the questions they ask can be placed in a modern context without loss or distortion. The key to his approach is a respect for medieval authors coupled with a commitment to regarding their texts as a genuine source of insight on questions in metaphysics, theology, psychology, logic, and the philosophy of language¿as opposed to assimilating what they say to modern doctrines, or using medieval discussions as a foil for ¿new and improved¿ conceptual schemes.¿ Jack Zupko, University of Alberta¿Gyula Klima is widely recognized as one of the world¿s leading experts on thirteenth and fourteenth-century Latin philosophy, with his own, distinctive analytic approach, which brings out both the similarities and differences between medieval and contemporary logic and semantics.¿ John Marenbon, Trinity College, University of Cambridge ¿Gyula Klima has been a towering figure in the field of medieval philosophy for decades. His influence comprises not only the scholarly results of his work, but also intense and generous mentorship of students and junior colleagues. This volume is a perfect reflection of the esteem that he enjoys around the world, collecting excellent pieces by established as well as up-and-coming scholars of medieval philosophy.¿ Catarina Dutilh Novaes, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam¿For four decades now, Gyula Klima has been setting the standard among medievalists for philosophical sophistication and historical rigor. This collection of wide-ranging studies from leading scholars in the field offers a worthy tribute to that legacy.¿ Robert Pasnau, University of Colorado BoulderGyula Klima is Professor of Philosophy at Fordham University, and Senior Research Fellow, Consultant, and the Director of Institute for the History of Ideas of the Hungarian Research Institute in Budapest. In 2022, the President of Hungary awarded him the Knight¿s Cross of the Hungarian Order of Merit, ¿in recognition of his outstanding academic career, significant research work and exemplary leadership.¿ In this volume, colleagues, collaborators, and students celebrate Klimäs project with new essays on Plotinus, Anselm, Aquinas, Buridan, Ockham and others, exploring specific questions in philosophy of mind, philosophy of language, metaphysics, and logic.No contemporary surpasses Kripke and Klima in semantics and metaphysics, but only Gyula Klimäs thought ranges flawlessly over classical philosophy as well. The volume is a fitting tribute to the master. David Twetten, Marquette University

In fact, even though Galenism was gradually dismissed as a system, several of his ideas spread through the modern world and left their mark on natural philosophy, rational theology, teleology, physiology, biology, botany, and the philosophy of medicine.

This is the fourth volume of Models of the History of Philosophy, a collaborative work on the history of the history of philosophy dating from the Renaissance to the end of the nineteenth century.

This volume examines modern scepticism in all main philosophical areas: epistemology, science, metaphysics, morals, and religion.

This thought provoking book deals with religious scholarship and important controversies of the early modern period, specifically those relating to the question of the salvation of the pagans and the afterlife. From the Reformation, through the Renaissance and on to the seventeenth and eighteenth century, this was a time when religious scholarship was updated with the discoveries of the New World and colonial expansion. These chapters present new work, shedding light on the interplay of philosophy and theology in key thinkers such as Montaigne, Leibniz, Bayle and Spinoza, but also in less known authors such as Gianfrancesco Pico della Mirandola and Sebastian Castellio.Readers will discover analysis of the reshaping of specific theological issues, focussing on the reception of ancient philosophical traditions such as Platonism, Aristotelianism, Stoicism, Epicureanism, and scepticism. The authors investigate the relationship between the ethical models inspired by the heroes andphilosophers of antiquity and the ¿new philosophy¿. Above all, this book enables exploration of the ways in which discussions of the salvation and virtues of pagans intersected with the early modern reception of ancient philosophy, including a reassessment of the question of the moral status of unbelievers in the early modern period.Students and faculty working on early modern intellectual history will find that this book both inspires and enriches their knowledge. Those with an interest in Renaissance humanism, the history of early modern philosophy and science, in theology, or the history of religion will also appreciate the new contributions that it makes.

1. Introduction: Missing a Soul that Endows Bodies with Life.- 2. Souls, Parts of Soul, and Vegetation in Aristotle.- 3. The Vegetative Soul in the Neoplatonic Tradition.- 4. Galenic Anatomo-Physiology of the Vegetative Soul.- 5. Expanding the Parva Naturalia-Project: Albertus Magnus on nutrition.- 6. How to Explain Vegetative Functions of an Immaterial Soul?.- 7. Jesuit Vegetative Souls: Lessius and the Conimbricenses on men''s ''lowest'' functions.- 8. Towards the Elimination of the Anima Vegetativa: Some Intellectualistic Tendencies in the Jesuits Suárez and Arriaga.- 9. Daniel Sennert on the Vegetative Soul and its Powers.- 10. Nicolaus Taurellus on Forms, Vegetative Souls and the Question of Emergence.- 11. Generation and the Vegetative Soul: A ''Hermetic'' Perspective from Marburg (1612).- 12. The Galenic soul in the Renaissance.- 13. Anatomy and faculties of the soul in Servetus and Columbus.- 14. The Matter of Life. Theories of Spontaneous Generation in the Late Sixteenth-Century Italy.- 15. Van Helmont''s theory of digestion and nutrition.- 16. Concoction, Transmutation, and Living Spirits: Francis Bacon''s Experiments with Artificial Life.- 17. The Vegetative Functions of the Soul in Descartes''s Meditations.- 18. (Failed) Ontological Revolutions. The Vegetative Soul in Guy de La Brosse, René Descartes, and Pierre Gassendi.- 19. Marin Cureau de la Chambre''s Conception of the Vegetative Soul.- 20. Scholastic Cartesianism. Juan Caramuel and the Negation of the Vegetative Soul in his Cartesian Manuscript.- 21. Cartesianising Vegetative Souls: Hylarchic Principles and Plastic Natures in More and Cudworth.- 22. Re-Inventing the Vegetable Soul? More''s Spirit of Nature and Cudworth''s Plastic Nature Reconsidered.- 23. Vegetative Epistemology: the Cognitive Principles of Life in William Harvey and Francis Glisson.- 24. Plants and Brains: The Vegetative Soul and Its Links with the Imagination in Early Modern Medicine and Philosophy.- 25. The Vegetative Soul in Glisson''s Natural Philosophy.- 26. Life as Vegetation. Limiting Cases and Theological Problems for Seventeenth-century Thinkers.- 27. An Alternative to the Vegetative Soul: Galen''s Natural Spirit in the Late 17th-Century Medical Conception of Digestive Functions.- 28. The Notion of Vegetative Soul in the Leibniz-Stahl Controversy.- 29. Newton''s ''Vegetative Spirit''.- 30. Beyond Structure: Vegetative Powers from Wolff to Hanov.- 31. The Role of Vegetative Powers in Animal Physiologies: Bichat''s Order of Two Lives.

It argues that the German Lutheran Christoph August Heumann (1681-1764) marginalized the biographical approach to past philosophy and paved the way for the German Lutheran Johann Jacob Brucker's (1696-1770) influential method for the writing of past philosophy, centred on depersonalised and abstract systems of philosophy.

This book describes how and why the early modern period witnessed the marginalisation of astrology in Western natural philosophy, and the re-adoption of the cosmological view of the existence of a plurality of worlds in the universe, allowing the possibility of extraterrestrial life.

This volume examines modern scepticism in all main philosophical areas: epistemology, science, metaphysics, morals, and religion.

This volume studies a fundamental element of Montesquieu's argumentative architecture that is most apparent in his De l'Esprit des Lois: the problem of giving order to, and establishing a network of consistent explanations of political, social and cultural diversity.

This thought provoking book deals with religious scholarship and important controversies of the early modern period, specifically those relating to the question of the salvation of the pagans and the afterlife. From the Reformation, through the Renaissance and on to the seventeenth and eighteenth century, this was a time when religious scholarship was updated with the discoveries of the New World and colonial expansion. These chapters present new work, shedding light on the interplay of philosophy and theology in key thinkers such as Montaigne, Leibniz, Bayle and Spinoza, but also in less known authors such as Gianfrancesco Pico della Mirandola and Sebastian Castellio.Readers will discover analysis of the reshaping of specific theological issues, focussing on the reception of ancient philosophical traditions such as Platonism, Aristotelianism, Stoicism, Epicureanism, and scepticism. The authors investigate the relationship between the ethical models inspired by the heroes and philosophers of antiquity and the ¿new philosophy¿. Above all, this book enables exploration of the ways in which discussions of the salvation and virtues of pagans intersected with the early modern reception of ancient philosophy, including a reassessment of the question of the moral status of unbelievers in the early modern period.Students and faculty working on early modern intellectual history will find that this book both inspires and enriches their knowledge. Those with an interest in Renaissance humanism, the history of early modern philosophy and science, in theology, or the history of religion will also appreciate the new contributions that it makes.

This volume focuses on an oft-cited figure rarely examined in detail in the academic literature. It presents important new insights into the development of early modern ideas about a Jewish return to Palestine, and on the formation of Jewish national identity.

Part One of Montesquieu's Idea of Justice comprises a survey of the currency in philosophical, ethical and aesthetic debate during the second half of the 17th century of the terms rapport and convenance, which are central to the enigmatic definition given to justice by Mon tesquieu in Lettres Persanes LXXXllI.

This book is the first systematic account of Pierre Charron's influence among the major French philosophers in the period (1601-1662).

In the last hundred years, the philosophy of natural law has suffered a fate that could hardly have been envisaged by the seventeenth and eighteenth century exponents of its universality and eternity: it has become old-fashioned.

Moreover, though the study has a delimiting perspective in the relation ship between a theory of human nature and an account of the various aspects that make up social experience, this itself is so central and protean that it has necessitated a discussion of, amongst others, theories of history, language, aesthetics, law and politics.