Bøger i IOP Concise Physics serien

The increasing availability of photoelectron imaging experiments, along with the increasing sophistication of experimental techniques, and the availability of computational resources for analysis and numerics, has allowed for significant developments in such photoelectron metrology. This volume discusses the fundamental concepts along with recent and emerging applications.

Today, air-to-surface vessel (ASV) radars are installed on maritime reconnaissance aircraft for long-range detection, tracking and classification of surface ships and for hunting submarines. Such radars were first developed in the UK during WWII. This book describes the ASV radars developed during WWII for long-range maritime surveillance.

The bicycle is a common, yet unique mechanical contraption in our world. In spite of this, the bike's physical and mechanical principles are understood by a select few. You do not have to be a genius to join this small group of people who understand the physics of cycling. This is your guide to fundamental principles, providing intuitive, basic explanations for the bicycle's behaviour.

This book is a new look at one of the hottest topics in contemporary science, Dark Matter. It is the pioneering text dedicated to sterile neutrinos as candidate particles for Dark Matter, challenging some of the standard assumptions which may be true for some Dark Matter candidates but not for all. So, this can be seen either as an introduction to a specialized topic or an out-of-the-box introduction to the field of Dark Matter in general. No matter if you are a theoretical particle physicist, an observational astronomer, or a ground based experimentalist, no matter if you are a grad student or an active researcher, you can benefit from this text, for a simple reason: a non-standard candidate for Dark Matter can teach you a lot about what we truly know about our standard picture of how the Universe works.

How does it happen that billions of stars can cooperate to produce the beautiful spirals that characterise so many galaxies, including ours? This book reviews the history behind the discovery of spiral galaxies and the problems faced when trying to explain the existence of spiral structure within them.

The development of nuclear weapons by the Manhattan Project during World War II was one of the most dramatic scientific/technological episodes in human history. This book, prepared by a recognized expert on the Manhattan Project, offers a concise survey of the essential physics concepts underlying fission weapons.The text describes the energetics and timescales of fast-neutron chain reactions, why only certain isotopes of uranium and plutonium are suitable for use in fission weapons, how critical mass and bomb yield can be estimated, how the efficiency of nuclear weapons can be enhanced, how the fissile forms of uranium and plutonium were obtained, some of the design details of the 'Little Boy' and 'Fat Man' bombs, and some of the thermal, shock, and radiation effects of nuclear weapons. Calculation exercises are provided, and a Bibliography lists authoritative print and online sources of information for readers who wish to pursue more detailed study of this fascinating topic.

Focuses on the fully classical theory of FELs with application to FEL oscillators, and develops the fundamentals of FEL theory in sufficient depth to provide both a solid understanding of FEL physics and a solid background for research in the field. All numerical approximations were developed by the author and numerous examples are included throughout.

Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has emerged as a possible new modality for cancer treatment. This book provides a comprehensive introduction into fundamentals of the CAP and plasma devices used in plasma medicine.

Engineering the Earth's solar input appears increasingly attractive and practical as a means to lower Earth's temperature, and thus, to lower sea level. The cost of engineering the climate appears small, comparable, even, to the already-incurred costs of sea level rise represented by civil engineering projects in London, Venice and New York City.

Introduces methods of THz generation and nonlinear THz spectroscopy in a tutorial way, discusses the relevant theoretical concepts, and presents prototypical, experimental, and theoretical results in condensed matter physics. The potential of nonlinear THz spectroscopy is illustrated by recent research, including an overview of relevant literature.

The concept of drug targeting as a magic bullet has led to research in chemical modification to design and optimize the binding to targeted receptors. This book covers advances based on different drug delivery systems: polymeric and hyper branched nanomaterials, carbon-based nanomaterials, nature-inspired nanomaterials, and pathogen-based carriers.

Begins with the history and fundamentals of optical fiber communications. The book then introduces existing optical multiplexing techniques and finally focuses on spatial domain multiplexing (SDM), aka space division multiplexing, and orbital angular momentum of photon based multiplexing.

Discusses a new error concept dispensing with the common practice to randomize unknown systematic errors. Instead, unknown systematic errors are treated as what they physically are - namely as constants being unknown with respect to magnitude and sign.

Takes the enterprising researcher, student, or hobbyist through explorations in a variety of computing exercises with the physical sciences. The book has tutorials and exercises for a wide range of scientific computing problems.

This book of problems and solutions is a natural continuation of Ilie and Schrecengost's first book Electromagnetism: Problems and Solutions. As with the first book, it is written for junior or senior undergraduate students, and for graduate students who may have not studied electrodynamics and want to work on more problems.

Introduces engineering and science students to the basic underlying physics and chemistry concepts that form the foundation of plasma science and engineering. This is an accessible primer directed primarily at those students who simply do not understand exactly what a plasma or gas discharge is.

An introductory textbook on computational methods and techniques intended for undergraduates at the sophomore or junior level in the fields of science, mathematics, and engineering. It provides an introduction to programming languages such as FORTRAN 90/95/2000 and covers numerical techniques such as differentiation, integration, root finding, and data fitting.

In this book, the authors outline their practices by the working experiences on standardization and system design. This book assumes little previous knowledge of optics, but experience in engineering of industrial measurements, in particular profile metrology or areal surface topography will be very helpful to understand the theory.

Reviews computational schemes which are used in the simulations of physical systems. These range from very accurate ab initio techniques up to coarse-grained and mesoscopic schemes. The choice of the method is based on the desired accuracy and computational efficiency. A bottom-up approach is used to present the various simulation methods used in physics.

Have you ever wondered what comets are and why astronomers spend so much time studying them? A comet expert and an astronomical historian have come together to produce this unique book. The authors concisely present the information you need to comprehend these majestic apparitions that grace our night skies.

Visual Astronomy introduces the basics of observational astronomy, a fundamentally limitless opportunity to learn about the universe with your unaided eyes or with tools such as binoculars, telescopes, or cameras. The book explains the essentials of time a

Provides a concise, fast-paced account of all major aspects of the Manhattan project. The text describes the underlying scientific discoveries that made nuclear weapons possible, how the project was organised, the daunting challenges faced and overcome, the dramatic Trinity test carried out in the desert of southern New Mexico in July 1945, and the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

This book is designed to help the non-specialist user of spectroscopic measurements and electronic structure computations to achieve a basic understanding of the underlying concepts of quantum chemistry. It can be used to teach introductory quantum chemistry to second-or third-year undergraduates.

This book provides a set of theoretical and numerical tools useful for the study of wave propagation in metamaterials and photonic crystals. While concentrating on electromagnetic waves, most of the material can be used for acoustic (or quantum) waves. For each presented numerical method, numerical code written in MATLAB(R) is presented. The codes are limited to 2D problems and can be easily translated in Python or Scilab, and used directly with Octave as well.

This book describes the advanced stability theories for magnetically confined fusion plasmas, especially in tokamaks. As the fusion plasma sciences advance, the gap between the textbooks and cutting-edge researches gradually develops. This book fills in

This book provides a detailed overview of cancer theranostics applications of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. Their synthesis, characterization, multifunctionality, disease targeting, biodistribution, pharmacokinetics and toxicity are highlighted, along with current examples of clinical trials of magnetic nanoparticles in cancer theranostics, and their future scopes and challenges.

Presents simple interdisciplinary stochastic models meant as a gentle introduction to the field of non-equilibrium statistical physics. The book focuses on the analysis of two-state models with cooperative effects, which are versatile enough to be applied to many physical and social systems.

Pathogens such as viruses and bacteria are among the greatest threats to human health worldwide. In today's era of population growth and international travel, new technologies are desperately needed to combat the spread of known and emerging pathogens.This book presents a new concept for pathogen inactivation called selective photonic disinfection (SEPHODIS). The SEPHODIS technology inactivates pathogens by mechanical means, a total paradigm shift from traditional chemical and physical methods. The unique strength of SEPHODIS resides in its capability to inactivate pathogens while preserving desirable materials such as human cells and proteins. The technology also avoids the need to use chemicals, drastically reducing the risk of side effects. These properties make SEPHODIS ideal for important biomedical applications such as safeguarding blood products and therapeutics against pathogens, as well as producing effective and safe vaccines to combat infectious disease.Written in a style that is both technically informative and easy to comprehend for the layman reader, this book illustrates the story of SEPHODIS from its initial discovery and bench studies to its real-world applications.

After a review of thermodynamics, this book covers Brownian motion and the diffusion equation, diffusion in solids based on transition-state theory, spinodal decomposition, nucleation and growth, instabilities in solidification, and diffusionless transformations. Each chapter includes exercises whose solutions are available in a separate manual.