Bøger i IOP ebooks serien

This book covers small particle ring accelerators and Paul trap simulators for research and proof-of-principle experiments of advanced concepts.

This book has been written in the hope that readers will be able to absorb the key ideas behind algorithmic information theory so that they are in a better position to access the mathematical developments and to apply the ideas to their own areas of interest.

The study of Condensed Matter Physics has evolved over the last decade or so. The scope of Modern Condensed Matter Physics has expanded significantly from traditional solid-state physics and has become a highly interdisciplinary field of research.This book connects modern experimental discoveries with theoretical and fundamental concepts. It introduces the interacting and non-interacting aspects of fermionic systems and the role of topology and symmetry in understanding material properties.The text emphasizes quantum Hall effect, topological insulators and how the discovery of graphene has incited brilliant ideas in both fundamental and applied aspects. The role of interactions is discussed to explain topics including Magnetism and Superconductivity. Topics such as Bose Einstein condensation and superfluid properties of atomic systems in optical lattices are also a key feature of the text. The book offers something different to the field due to the range of topics covered in a pedagogical way for students.Key FeaturesProvides a modern perspective of condensed matter physicsAims to be understandable for studentsProvides significant pedagogical content in the form of derivations and illustrationsPresents advanced topics in a pedagogical manner

This course text provides an introduction of classical (Boltzmann) and quantum (Fermi-Dirac and Bose-Einstein) statistics with application to condensed matter systems.

This reference text demonstrates how molecular dynamics can be used in practice to achieve a precise understanding of structural properties for systems devoid of any order beyond the first interatomic distances. The reader will learn the basic principles underlying molecular dynamics with a special emphasis on first-principles methodology. A roadmap of correct and efficient use is also provided using clear examples. The book concludes with a set of results that exemplify the level of accuracy and information inherent in (first-principles) molecular dynamics methodology when applied to amorphous and glassy materials. While the majority of systems studied are disordered chalcogenides, the ideas, concepts and methodologies involved are easily applicable to any system, providing a universal manual well-adapted to a wide range of practitioners, from graduate students to experienced researchers.Key Features: Describes the structure of amorphous materials using molecular dynamics through research conducted by a single author over an extended period of timeDemonstrates how molecular dynamics can be used in practice to achieve a precise understanding of structural properties for systems devoid of any order beyond the first interatomic distancesProvides a roadmap of correct and efficient use using clear examplesIncludes a set of results that exemplify the level of accuracy and information inherent in (first-principles) molecular dynamics methodology when applied to amorphous and glassy materialsCovers ideas, concepts and methodologies that are easily applicable to any systemProvides a universal manual well-adapted to a wide range of practitioners, from graduate students to experienced researchers

Quantum Mechanics for Nuclear Structure, Volume two follows on from its predecessor by examining topics essential for understanding the many-body formulation. The algebraic structure of quantum theory is emphasised throughout as an essential aspect of the mathematical formulation of many-body quantum systems.

An exploration of climate challenges and near possible solution to improve yield, this edited book entitled "Molecular Response and Genetic Engineering for Stress in Plants, Volume 1: Abiotic stress" comprehensively and coherently reviews the different abiotic stress response mechanisms in plants with respect to the various aspects of rapidly growing omics techniques like genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics and strategies through genetic engineering and molecular breeding for crop improvement. It provides a detailed examination of how genes and metabolites are modulated in plants in response to various stresses. The first volume covers the various abiotic stress response mechanisms in plants in the view of climate change and global food security. Key Features: This book explains the different molecular mechanisms and genetic engineering strategies which have been developed and adopted to cope with consistent environmental changes and global climate change.It explores the latest developments concerning abiotic stress response at the molecular level for the improvement of crop quality and sustainable agriculture.It presents an exploration of the challenges and conceivable solutions to improve yields of the staple of food crops using data on agricultural sciences and omics technology.It discovers how the better understanding of molecular mechanisms of plant response to different stress would be used to improve the quantitative and qualitative features of crop plants and allied areas.At the end-of-chapter, there is an inclusion of problems and their solutions related to the respective chapter.

An introductory book for graduate students and researchers in transformation optics and metasurfaces. Including practical guidance, this book will allow those new to the subject to immediately commence working in this exciting research area. In order to carry out the numerous examples in the book, it comes with full-wave simulation code.

This comprehensive introductory book on optical sensors provides an overview of essential principles used in optics. Its primary aim is to support students and professionals in developing a practical understanding, accomplished through a dedicated lab section that facilitates hands-on experience and further exploration of the covered theories.

Motivated by a renewed interest in impurity transport in nuclear fusion research, this reference text covers the diagnostics, experimental approach, and results of recent impurity transport studies in tokamak and helical plasmas. It also covers the impurity transport parallel to the magnetic field in the scrape-off layer (SOL) and the impact of magnetic topology on impurity transport. Topics covered include an introduction to impurity transport; the diagnostics system with passive and active spectroscopy; impurity transport across magnetic flux surfaces; the effect of magnetic topology; and the control of impurity transport using electron cyclotron resonance heating and ion cyclotron resonance heating. With few books available on impurity transport in plasmas, this book would appeal to academic researchers and graduate students on the field of plasma physics and nuclear fusion research.Key FeaturesDescribes recent developments in diagnostics for impurity transportCovers recent developments of an experimental approach for impurity transport studyProvides a comprehensive understanding of impurity transport in different magnetic configurationsCovers a new area of impurity transport experiment including the effect of magnetic topologyWritten by high-profile authors

This book provides a foundation for humanitarian engineering as applied to oncology care, drawing from various disciplines including radiation oncology.

The essays in this book aims to map the nature and extent of the societal impacts of Big Science and the mechanisms that generate such effects, as well as highlight the complex realities that can be used as guidelines to fund Big Science facilities, and how we can maximise their impact. As science itself has become a subject of study and debate beyond the scientific community, these collected essays aim to encourage a dialogue with relevant stakeholders (such as scientists, policymakers, research managers and industry) and highlight the complex role that science plays in today's society.Key Features: A single reference volume comprising a multitude of perspectives on the socioeconomic impacts of Big Science.Our author list comprises globally renowned expert authors with a wealth of domain knowledge and direct experience of Big Science facilities.Coverage emphasises transferability of best practice/lessons learned from Big Science organisations. The aim is to inspire research managers as well as communications and outreach officers of other Big Science projects.The text is relevant for policy experts, employees of funding agencies and professional science communicators.

This book covers the state-of-the-art techniques of OCT imaging for the diagnosis of retinal diseases. It is part of a three-volume work that describes the latest imaging techniques in which to bring optical coherence tomography (OCT), fundus Imaging and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) to accurately facilitate the diagnosis of retinal diseases. Clinical disorders of the retina have been attracting the attention of researchers, aiming at reducing the blindness rate. This includes uveitis, diabetic retinopathy, macular edema, endophthalmitis, proliferative retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration and glaucoma. Treatment is significantly dependent on having early and accurate diagnosis, which can be significantly improved by employing the techniques described in the book.Key Features: The book is a collection of the works of several research groups that are well-known in the field, so the readers can refer to their websites if they need extra details.Provides a comprehensive overview of all pertinent topics related to OCT imaging techniques, applicable to diagnosis of eye disorders.Offers a unique coverage of Neural Networks in distinguishing eye diseases.Machine learning techniques are presented in detail throughout.Many of the chapter contributors are world-class researchers.Extensive references are provided at the end of each chapter to enhance further study.

Written by one of the leading active researchers into climate engineering this textbook will educate those interested in climate engineering. Written in an unbiased manner and provides a detailed description of the various technologies being discussed that might be deployed to ameliorate or reverse the effects of climate change.

This reference text provides fundamental knowledge of functional carbon materials ranging from fullerene, carbon dots, carbon fibers and nanofibers, carbon nanotubes, graphene, graphite, graphyne, diamonds, activated carbon and carbon aerogels. Each chapter. The book explores the properties and structure of each material, providing a discussion of the latest exciting developments in research, and acting as a comprehensive introduction to functional carbon materials.Current research and future challenges are discussed throughout, with a particular focus on the wide-ranging engineering applications of each material. The text also discusses the latest novel carbon types, including graphyne.The key audience for the book includes researchers working on functional carbon materials. It will be particularly valuable for early career researchers looking for an authoritative introduction to the field.Key Features: Provides fundamental knowledge of the wide variety of functional carbon materials, including structure, properties, current research status and future challengesIncludes the wide-ranging engineering applications of each materialCovers fullerene, carbon dots, carbon fibers and nanofibers, carbon nanotubes, graphene, graphite, graphyne, diamonds, activated carbon and carbon aerogelsDiscusses novel carbon types such as graphyneProvides an authoritative reference for researchers and those seeking a comprehensive introduction to the field

This monograph introduces several recently developed and applied analytical-based theoretical approaches and practical techniques for uncertainty evaluation and probabilistic design optimisation for the robustness and reliability of technical systems of various complexity and applications. This is enhanced by the inclusion of relevant real-world case studies.The book will be useful for researchers, engineers, and designers of complex, multi-parameter technical systems that must guarantee a specified level of functional reliability. It presents several real-world case studies helping to comprehend in detail the developed techniques and their benefits. In addition, it offers free access to the online toolboxes developed by the authors to support the calculation of uncertainties and guides the readers on the practical use of such tools.Key Features: Cohesively combines three important research, development, and real-world engineering practice areas (i) uncertainty and its evaluation, propagation, modelling, etc., and, (ii) complex technical systems design optimisation involving advanced probabilistic theories, techniques, and tools, and (iii) development of such theoriesThis is arguably the first monograph systematically and comprehensively presenting the new area of moment-based uncertainty propagation and its practical applications.The book offers a significant volume of additional explanations, guidelines and tools enabling the readers to utilise the presented material in their research, design, and engineering practice.It provides free access to developed application-specific online tools and benchmark test distributions for expanded uncertainty.The practical application section of the monograph presents several real-world case study solutions.

The biological evaluation of materials involves the characterisation of materials using biological methods. At present, new materials are typically characterised using physicochemical methods. Such approaches don't account for the interactions that materials have with living organisms in their environment. This reference text covers the emerging field of materiomics: the holistic study of material function and behaviour using both physicochemical and biological methods.The book presents a comprehensive strategy for the identification, characterisation and grouping of nanomaterials[BWI1] [BWI2] using biological methods. The focus is on methods from molecular biology, and complementary methods derived from quantum physics. The work discusses the interaction of materials with their environment, the field of materiomics, the biological recognition of materials, and the quantum basis of materials recognition by cells. The discussion of quantum mechanisms enables a deeper understanding of the interaction of biological objects with materials.The key audience for this book includes researchers involved in the characterisation of materials, particularly biomaterials researchers and those interested in the interaction of materials science and the life sciences. The book will also be a valuable reference for postgraduate students and practitioners working in the fields of materials characterisation and biomaterials.Key Features: Presents a comprehensive strategy for the identification, characterisation and grouping of nanomaterials using molecular biology, and complementary methods derived from quantum physicsProvides coverage of the emerging field of materiomicsFollows an interdisciplinary approach and does not require advanced understanding of mathematicsHighly useful to all researchers involved in characterising new materials, particularly biomaterials researchers and those interested in the interaction of materials science and the life sciences