Bøger i Lecture Notes in Physics serien

The various processes that connect the physics of the Sun with that of the Earth`s environment has become known as "Space Weather" during recent years, a slogan that has emerged in connection with many other expressions adapted from meteorology, such as solar wind, magnetic clouds or polar rain.

This textbook has grown out of lectures held at a summer school on cosmology, in response to a need for an advanced text that addresses the needs of both postgraduate students and nonspecialist researchers from various disciplines ranging from mathematical physics to observational astrophysics.

Nanostructures are among the most actively studied systems in present day - search. Theoretical and experimental studies of these small systems have unc- ered remarkable phenomena due to fundamental interactions and the reduction in dimensionality. Such nanostructures can be made out of well known ma- rials such as metals or semiconductors by lithographic procedures. In addition, novel material systems, e.g. semiconducting heterostructures, or even molecul- like materials, e.g. carbon nanotubes, can represent nanostructures in which electron¿electron interactions are of importance. The discoveries of quantum Hall e?ects o?ered an initial glimpse into the striking phenomena that may occur in these low-dimensional structures. - tensive research since then, made possible by enormous advances in fabrication technologies, have revealed a large class of unexpected behaviors in nanostr- tures. The rapid technological progress in the last two decades has led to great excitement among both applied and basic physicists. The hope that miniat- ization of such devices will lead to a new age of smaller and faster computers has motivated extensive work, trying to understand the basic physics involved, an imperative step towards any future application.

Astromineralogy deals with the science of gathering mineralogical information from the astronomical spectroscopy of asteroids, comets and dust in the circumstellar environments in general.

Comprises the basic knowledge of both theory and experiment underpinning molecular electronics. This book introduces concepts and techniques, such as density functional theory and charge transport, break junctions and scanning probe microscopy. It also addresses a range of systems, including molecular junctions made of single-molecules.

A particularly strong feature of the present work is the constructive-critical approach to the present mainstream theories, the careful assessment of some alternative approaches, and the overall balance between theoretical and observational considerations.

In the context of polymer crystallization there are several still open and often controversially debated questions. The intention is thus not only to provide a summary of the present state-of-the-art to all active works but to provide an entry point to newcomer and graduate students entering the field.

Quantum many-body theories have become an essential tool for all physicists. As the future evolution of QMBT depends to a large measure on establishing links between these different methods, the authors discuss hyprid procedures that can build even further upon the huge strengths and great advantages of each theory.

This book is written in a pedagogical style intelligible for graduate students. This collection of essays, written by leading scientists of long standing reputation, should become an indispensable source for future research.

This mathematically-oriented introduction takes the point of view that students should become familiar, at an early stage, with the physics of relativistic continua and thermodynamics within the framework of special relativity.

This concise research monograph introduces and reviews the concept of chiral soliton models for baryons. The many applications shed light on a number of bayron properties, ranging from static properties via nuclear resonances to even heavy ion collisions.

This volume presents multidisciplinary treatments of important areas and new developments within precision physics. For example, it concentrates on the proton structure and its effects on the energy levels, on simple molecules, on atoms somewhat more complicated than hydrogen (such as lithium), on exotic atoms and atoms with exotic nuclei.

This volume reflects the growing collaboration between mathematicians and theoretical physicists to treat the foundations of quantum field theory using the mathematical tools of q-deformed algebras and noncommutative differential geometry.

Part textbook, part exploratory work, this book aims to raise the awareness of students, physicists, and engineers in turbulence on the modeling of gravitationally induced turbulent mixing flows as produced, for instance, by Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities.

"Granular Gases" are diluted many-particle systems in which the mean free path of the particles is much larger than the typical particle size, and where particle collisions occur dissipatively. Part V, finally, deals with possible generalizations for dense granular systems.

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This volume aims to change this situation by presenting in a clear way fundamental concepts of spatial statistics which are of great potential value for condensed matter physics and materials sciences in general, and for porous media, percolation and Gibbs processes in particular.

With the imminent operational start of the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC), a range of fundamental experiments in nuclear and particle physics will come within reach. This book details the most promising ones.

This volume is composed of extensive and detailed notes from the lectures given at the 40th Karpacz Winter School. These notes have been carefully edited with the aim to give advanced students and young researchers a balanced and accessible introduction to a rather heavily mathematical subject.

After about a century of success, physicists feel the need to probe the limits of validity of special-relativity base theories. The authors gather in a single volume an extensive collection of introductions and reviews of the various facets involved, and also includes detailed discussion of philosophical and historical aspects.

This is an introduction to classical and quantum mechanics on two-point homogenous Riemannian spaces, empahsizing spaces with constant curvature. Chapter 7 investigates the classical counterpart of the quantum system introduced in Chapter 5.

This volume reviews the current understanding of the Fermi-Pasta-Ulam (FPU) Problem without trying to force coherence on differing perspectives on the same problem by various groups or approaches.

For most cases of interest, exact solutions to nonlinear equations describing stochastic dynamical systems are not available. This book details the relatively simple and popular linearization techniques available, covering theory as well as application.

The development of ion traps has spurred significant experimental activities able to link measurable quantities to the most fundamental aspects of physics.

Thus, this volume deepens our understanding of anomalies, algebraic renormalization theory, axiomatic field theory and of much more while illuminating the past and present state of affairs and pointing to interesting problems for future research.

The field of quantum plasmas has a long and diverse tradition. This book synthesizes two fields: classical kinetic theory of collisionless plasmas and quantum electrodynamics. The book therefore provides a comprehensive introduction to a more general formalism for plasma kinetic and dispersion theory.

Some 25 years after the birth of inflationary cosmology, this volume sets out to provide both an authoritative and pedagogical introduction and review of the current state of the field. Articles are written by eminent scientists, many of whom have made pioneering contributions to the field of inflationary cosmology.

The reviews presented in this volume cover a huge range of cluster of galaxies topics. Readers will find the book essential reading on subjects such as the physics of the ICM gas, the internal cluster dynamics, and the detection of clusters using different observational techniques.

Physicists who wish to understand the modeling of confinement of quantum chromodynamics, as exhibited by dual superconductors, will find this book an excellent introduction. The author focuses on the models themselves, especially the Landau--Ginzburg model of a dual superconductor, also called the Dual Abelian Higgs model.

This volume offers a background in modern high spatial resolution techniques, illustrating how such methods have impacted on our understanding of young stars.