Bøger i Mathematical Biosciences Subseries serien

This volume reports on recent mathematical and computational advances in optical, ultrasound, and opto-acoustic tomographies. It outlines the state-of-the-art and future directions in these fields and provides readers with the most recently developed mathematical and computational tools. It is particularly suitable for researchers and graduate students in applied mathematics and biomedical engineering.

This book presents a series of models in the general area of cell physiology and signal transduction, with particular attention being paid to intracellular calcium dynamics, and the role played by calcium in a variety of cell types. Calcium plays a crucial role in cell physiology, and the study of its dynamics lends insight into many different cellular processes. In particular, calcium plays a central role in muscular contraction, olfactory transduction and synaptic communication, three of the topics to be addressed in detail in this book. In addition to the models, much of the underlying physiology is presented, so that readers may learn both the mathematics and the physiology, and see how the models are applied to specific biological questions. It is intended primarily as a graduate text or a research reference. It will serve as a concise and up-to-date introduction to all those who wish to learn about the state of calcium dynamics modeling, and how such models are applied to physiological questions.

This volume introduces some basic mathematical models for cell cycle, proliferation, cancer, and cancer therapy. Chapter 1 gives an overview of the modeling of the cell division cycle. Chapter 2 describes how tumor secretes growth factors to form new blood vessels in its vicinity, which provide it with nutrients it needs in order to grow. Chapter 3 explores the process that enables the tumor to invade the neighboring tissue. Chapter 4 models the interaction between a tumor and the immune system. Chapter 5 is concerned with chemotherapy; it uses concepts from control theory to minimize obstacles arising from drug resistance and from cell cycle dynamics. Finally, Chapter 6 reviews mathematical results for various cancer models.

In this new century mankind faces ever more challenging environmental and publichealthproblems,suchaspollution,invasionbyexoticspecies,theem- gence of new diseases or the emergence of diseases into new regions (West Nile virus,SARS,Anthrax,etc.),andtheresurgenceofexistingdiseases(in?uenza, malaria, TB, HIV/AIDS, etc.). Mathematical models have been successfully used to study many biological, epidemiological and medical problems, and nonlinear and complex dynamics have been observed in all of those contexts. Mathematical studies have helped us not only to better understand these problems but also to ?nd solutions in some cases, such as the prediction and control of SARS outbreaks, understanding HIV infection, and the investi- tion of antibiotic-resistant infections in hospitals. Structuredpopulationmodelsdistinguishindividualsfromoneanother- cording to characteristics such as age, size, location, status, and movement, to determine the birth, growth and death rates, interaction with each other and with environment, infectivity, etc. The goal of structured population models is to understand how these characteristics a?ect the dynamics of these models and thus the outcomes and consequences of the biological and epidemiolo- cal processes. There is a very large and growing body of literature on these topics. This book deals with the recent and important advances in the study of structured population models in biology and epidemiology. There are six chapters in this book, written by leading researchers in these areas.

Thisisthefourthvolumeintheseries"e;TutorialsinMathematicalBiosciences. "e; These lectures are based on material which was presented in tutorials or developed by visitors and postdoctoral fellows of the Mathematical B- sciences Institute (MBI), at The Ohio State University. The aim of this series is to introduce graduate students and researchers with just a little ba- ground in either mathematics or biology to mathematical modeling of biol- ical processes. The ?rst volume was devoted to mathematical neuroscience, which was the focus of the MBI program 2002-2003. The second volume dealt with mathematical modeling of calcium dynamics in signal transduction, the focus of the MBI program in the winter of 2004. The third volume dealt with topics of cell cycle, tumor growth, and cancer therapy; these topics featured in several workshops held at the MBI in the fall of 2003. The present volume deals with a variety of topics of evolution and ecology, which were considered in the MBI during the year 2005-2006. These topics include phylogenetics; evolution of genes through migration-selection; ecological modeling; and e- lutionofdispersalandpopulationdynamics. Documentationofthe2005-2006 activities, including streaming videos of the workshops, can be found on the Web site: http://mbi. osu. edu. Phylogenetics is the study of the evolutionary relations of genes and - ganisms. Phylogenetic trees are represented by graphs in which the leaves represent observed biological entities. In constructing such graphs, one tries to trace the evolution of species, traits, or diseases. The ?rst two chapters of this volume deal with phylogenetics.

Focussing on stochastic models for the spread of infectious diseases in a human population, this book is the outcome of a two-week ICPAM/CIMPA school on "Stochastic models of epidemics" which took place in Ziguinchor, Senegal, December 5-16, 2015.

This book focuses on the spatio-temporal patterns generated by two classes of mathematical models (of hyperbolic and kinetic types) that have been increasingly used in the past several years to describe various biological and ecological communities.

This volume synthesizes theoretical and practical aspects of both the mathematical and life science viewpoints needed for modeling of the cardiovascular-respiratory system specifically and physiological systems generally.

The purpose of this monograph is to indicate through selected, representative examples how often nonautonomous systems occur in the life sciences and to outline the new concepts and tools from the theory of nonautonomous dynamical systems that are now available for their investigation.

This book is unique in its attempt to give an overview of dispersal studies across different spatial scales, such as the scale of individual movement, the population scale and the scale of communities and ecosystems.

This volume presents explicit approximations of the quasi-stationary distribution and of the expected time to extinction from the state one and from quasi-stationarity for the stochastic logistic SIS model.

Based on lecture notes, this volume offers a comprehensive introduction to ideas and techniques in modeling infectious diseases, for the comparison of strategies to plan for an anticipated epidemic or pandemic, and to deal with a disease outbreak in real time.