Bøger i NATO Asi Series. Series A, Lif serien

Corona- and related viruses are important human and animal pathogens which also serve as models for other viral-mediated diseases. The August-September 1994 symposium provided a current understanding of the molecular biology, immunology, and pathogenesis of corona-, toro-, and arterivirus infections"

The fourth course of the International School of Physics of Exotic Atoms took place at the "Ettore Majorana" Center for Scien­ tific Culture, Erice, from March 31 to April 6, 1984. As tradition, exotic atoms have been a tool for studying elec­ tromagnetic, weak and strong interactions at low energies. We felt it appropriate to have a full course devoted to a discussion of the information to be gained on the fundamental interactions from the study of low energy systems. In this kind of physics, which is characterized experimentally by very intense particle sources and very sensitive apparatuses, one can search for rare events and can perform precise measurements. Sensitive tests of the predictions of current theories of electro­ weak and strong interactions can thus be achieved. The course was attended by 54 participants from 23 institutes in 9 countries. The morning lectures reviewed the achievements of the field in the last few years and the afternoon seminars dealt with new results and projects.

Modeling of Oxygen Transport to Skeletal Muscle: Blood Flow Distribution, Shunt, and Diffusion.- The Haldane Effect of Rabbit Blood Under Different Acid-Base Conditions.- Interaction of Blood Flow, Diffusive Transport and Cell Metabolism in Isovolemic Anemia.- The Role of Wall Shear Stress in Microvascular Network Adaptation.- Changes in Tissue Histology Associated with Adaptation and Acclimation to Hypoxia.- Transcutaneous Measurements of Skin O2 Supply and Blood Gases.- Relating Measuring Signals from PO2 Electrodes to Tissue PO2: A Theoretical Study.- A New Catheter for Quasi-Continuous Measurement of Arterial Partial Oxygen Pressure.- Continuous Intra-Arterial PO2 Monitoring During Thoracic Surgery.- Construction, Calibration and Evaluation of PO2 Electrodes for Chronical Implantation in the Rabbit Brain Cortex.- Photothrombosis in Rabbit Brain Cortex: Follow Up by Continuous pO2 Measurement.- Intravitreal and Intraretinal Oxygen Tension in the Rat Eye.- Brain Oxygenation State: Preparation of Isolated Perfused Rat Brain and Near-Infrared Spectrophotometry.- The Simultaneous Measurement of the Redox State of Cytochrome Oxidase in Heart and Brain of Rat In Vivo by NIR.- Picosecond Time of Flight Measurement of Living Tissue: Time Resolved Beer-Lambert Law.- Cerebral Oxygenation State in Chemically-Induced Seizures in the Rat: Study by Near Infrared Spectrophotometry.- Experimentally Measured Optical Pathlengths for the Adult Head, Calf and Forearm and the Head of the Newborn Infant as a Function of Inter Optode Spacing.- Near-Infrared Imaging in vivo (I): Image Restoration Technique Applicable to the NIR Projection Images.- Muscle Oxygenation by Fast Near Infrared Spectrophotometry (NIRS) in Ischemic Forearm.- Near-Infrared Imaging in vivo (II): 2-Dimensional Visualization of Tissue Oxygenation State.- Monitoring of the Oxygen Pressure in the Blood of Live Animals Using the Oxygen Dependent Quenching of Phosphorescence.- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and the Study of Tissue Oxygen Metabolism: A Review.- On-Line Oxygen Uptake Measurement (VO2): A Computer Feed-Back Controlled Rebreathing Circuit for Long Term Oxygen Uptake Registration.- Oxygen Delivery (DEL O2) Dependent and Independent Oxygen Consumption (VO2).- Microtopographic Analysis of Oxidative Stress in Organ Microcirculatory Units.- Cytochrome P-450 Under Conditions of Oxidative Stress: Role of Antioxidant Recycling in the Protection Mechanisms.- Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury and Free Radical Involvement in Gastric Mucosal Disorders.- Influence of Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and Free Radical Scavengers on Intestinal Ischemia Induced Oxidative Tissue Damage.- Influence of Free Radical Scavengers on Myeloperoxidase Activity and Lipid Peroxidation in Acute Skin Grafts.- Morphometric Methods for the Evaluation of Capillary Grouping Patterns in Rat Heart.- Estimation of the Oxygen Gradient Across Phospholipid Bilayers of Mitochondria from Reperfused Rabbit Hearts after Ischemia.- The Oxygen Dependence of Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation and Its Role in Regulation of Coronary Blood Flow.- Oxygen Penetration in and Release from Lung Surfactant.- Improvement of Pulmonary Gas Exchange After Surfactant Replacement in Rats With Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia.- Attenuation of Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasoconstriction in Acute Oleic Acid Lung Injury: Significance of Vasodilator Prostanoids.- 99mTc-DTPA Clearance: A Sensitive Method for Early Detection of An Impending Disturbance in Gas Exchange.- Acute Respiratory Failure During Pneumonia Induced by Sendai Virus.- Estimation of Respiratory Mechanics in Dogs with Acute Lung Injury.- Effect of Hyperventilation on Oxygenation of the Brain Cortex of Neonates.- Hypoxia and the "Reaction Theory" of Central Respiratory Chemosensitivity.- Oxygenation of Mammary Tumors: From Isotransplanted Rodent Tumors to Primary Malignancies in Patients.- Measurements of Tumor Blood Flow Using Intraperitoneal Deuterium and 2H-NMR Spectroscopy....

Lipid Structure, Domains, and Proteins: Molecular Mechanisms of Ethanol and Anesthetic Actions (C.D. Stubbs, E. Rubin). Membrane Cholesterol and Ethanol (W.G. Wood et al.). The Effects of Ethanol on Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Composition (N. Salem, Jr., G. Ward). Receptors and Ion Channels: Sensitivity of NMDA Receptors to Acute and in Utero Ethanol Exposure (S.W. Leslie, M.S. Weaver). Molecular Mechanisms of Alcohol Neurotoxicity (F.T. Crews et al.). Second Messenger Systems and Kinases: Nucleoside Transport and EthanolInduced Heterologous Desensitization (A. Gordon et al.). Ethanol and Phospholipid Dependent Signal Transduction (J.B. Hoek et al.). Gene Expression: Regulation of Neuronal Gene Transcription by Ethanol (M.F. Miles et al.). Effect of Acute and Chronic Administration of Ethanol on cfos Expression in Brain (F. Le et al.). 19 additional articles. Index.

Atomic Inferometry and Trapping: Quantum Theory of Particle Trapping by Oscillating Fields; R.J. Glauber. Quantum Measurements on Localized Particles; S. Stenholm. Quantum Measurements: PhaseSensitive BackAction on a Microscopic System; V. Bagini, et al. Cavity QED and Classical Antenna Theory; J.P. Dowling. Quantum Noise Reduction and Squeezing: Progress and Perspectives in Squeezing; E. Giacobino, et al. Time-Dependent Invariants and Nonclassical Light; V.I. Man'ko. Optical Propagation, Communication and Imaging: Direct Space Quantum Optics; I. Abram, E. Cohen. Photonic Band Structure; E. Yablonovitch. Photon Interference and Bell's Theorum: What is Two Photons? J.G. Rarity, P.R. Tapster. Quantum Cryptography and Bell's Theorum; A.K. Ekert. Twentyfive additional articles. Index.