Bøger i Space Sciences Series of ISSI serien

Given the universal interest in whether extraterrestrial life has developed or could eventually develop, it is vital that an examination of planetary habitability go beyond simple assumptions.

The review articles collected in this volume present a critical assessment of particle acceleration mechanisms and observations from suprathermal particles in the magnetosphere and heliosphere to high-energy cosmic rays, thus covering a range of energies over seventeen orders of magnitude, from 103 eV to 1020 eV.

This volume explores the cross-linkages between the kinetic processes and macroscopic phenomena in the solar atmosphere, which are at the heart of our current understanding of the heating of the closed and open corona and the acceleration of the solar wind.

Readers will find grouped together here the most recent observations, current theoretical models and present understanding of the coupled atmosphere, magnetosphere and solar wind system. The second chapter characterizes the solar wind interaction and auroral responses to solar wind driven dynamics.

This volume reviews what we know of the corresponding plasma source for each intrinsically magnetized planet.

Basic processes in cosmic plasmas starting fromelectric currents and the helicity concept governing the dynamics of magnetic structures in planet magnetospheres,stellar winds, and relativistic plasma outflows like pulsar wind nebulae andActive Galactic Nuclei jets are covered.

This volume presents the most recent results of global mean sea level variations over the satellite altimetry era (starting in the early 1990s) and associated contributions, such as glaciers and ice sheets mass loss, ocean thermal expansion, and land water storage changes.

This volume reviews both historical and current studies of desert whirlwinds called dust devils on Earth and Mars.

This volume summarizes the recent results of the exploration of Venus, Mars and Titan in the field of space plasma physics. This volume is aimed at graduate students and researchers working in planetary science and space physics. Previously published in Space Science Reviews journal, Vol.

Readers will find grouped together here the most recent observations, current theoretical models and present understanding of the coupled atmosphere, magnetosphere and solar wind system. The second chapter characterizes the solar wind interaction and auroral responses to solar wind driven dynamics.

The Earth's climate as well as planetary climates in general, are broadly controlled by three fundamental parameters: the solar irradiance, the planetary albedo and the planetary emissivity.

This volume provides a comprehensive view on the different sources of the geomagnetic field both in the Earth's interior and from the field's interaction with the terrestrial atmosphere and the solar wind.

This volume presents a series of overview articles arising from a workshop exploring the links among shallow clouds, water vapor, circulation, and climate sensitivity. It provides a state-of-the art synthesis of understanding about the coupling of clouds and water vapor to the large-scale circulation. The emphasis is on two phenomena, namely the self-aggregation of deep convection and interactions between low clouds and the large-scale environment, with direct links to the sensitivity of climate to radiative perturbations. Each subject is approached using simulations, observations, and synthesizing theory; particular attention is paid to opportunities offered by new remote-sensing technologies, some still prospective. The collection provides a thorough grounding in topics representing one of the World Climate Research Program¿s Grand Challenges.Previously published in Surveys in Geophysics, Volume 38, Issue 6, 2017The aritcles ¿Observing Convective Aggregation¿, ¿An Observational View of Relationships Between Moisture Aggregation, Cloud, and Radiative Heating Profiles¿, ¿Implications of Warm Rain in Shallow Cumulus and Congestus Clouds for Large-Scale Circulations¿, ¿A Survey of Precipitation-Induced Atmospheric Cold Pools over Oceans and Their Interactions with the Larger-Scale Environment¿, ¿Low-Cloud Feedbacks from Cloud-Controlling Factors: A Review¿, ¿Mechanisms and Model Diversity of Trade-Wind Shallow Cumulus Cloud Feedbacks: A Review¿, ¿Structure and Dynamical Influence of Water Vapor in the Lower Tropical Troposphere¿, ¿Emerging Technologies and Synergies for Airborne and Space-Based Measurements of Water Vapor Profiles¿, ¿Observational Constraints on Cloud Feedbacks: The Role of Active Satellite Sensors¿, and ¿EUREC4A: A Field Campaign to Elucidate the Couplings Between Clouds, Convection and Circulation¿ are available as open access articles under a CC BY 4.0 license at link.springer.com.

This topical volume reviews a comprehensive set of problems raised by the use of Gamma Ray Bursts (GRBs) as cosmological probes, as they were addressed and debated during the ISSI-Beijing workshop ¿Gamma Ray Bursts: A Tool to Explore the Young Universe," which took place from April 13 to 17, 2015, in Beijing. The invited authors represent both the GRB community stricto sensu and the community studying high-redshift galaxies and star formation history. The chapters of the book elucidate the connection between GRBs and the deep universe, stimulating thoughts on how to develop worldwide synergies between high-redshift GRB studies and surveys of the deep universe. Originally published in Space Science Reviews, Volume 202, Issue 1-4, December 2016

This volume discusses the evolutionary paths linking planets and their atmospheres to their origin within circumstellar disks. Dust accretion within disks generates planet cores, while gas accretion on these cores leads to the diversity of their fluid envelopes.

This volume provides an in-depth review of all aspects of solar magnetic fields. Written by world-leading experts, these thirteen papers cover all regions of the subject from the solar interior, photosphere, chromosphere, active regions, and corona out to the solar wind.

This book provides an in-depth review of all aspects of space weather. Written by world-leading experts, these sixteen review papers cover everything from space weather's origin on the Sun and its propagation in interplanetary space to its impact on the Earth and other solar system bodies.

This contributed volume arose from the idea of assembling scientists from space research and ground development, time transfer techniques and radio science missions, the time-frequency community, and both the geodesy-geophysics and solar system exploration communities.

From early Chinese astronomy to the most recent high precision, multi-wavelength observations, supernovae have been actively examined for centuries.

This volume reviews what we know of the corresponding plasma source for each intrinsically magnetized planet.

Basic processes in cosmic plasmas starting fromelectric currents and the helicity concept governing the dynamics of magnetic structures in planet magnetospheres,stellar winds, and relativistic plasma outflows like pulsar wind nebulae andActive Galactic Nuclei jets are covered.

This volume extends the ISSI series on magnetic fields in the Universe into the domain of what are by far the strongest fields in the Universe, and stronger than any field that could be produced on Earth.

This book is a collection of overview articles showing how space-based observations, combined with hydrological modeling, have considerably improved our knowledge of the continental water cycle and its sensitivity to climate change. Two main issues are highlighted: (1) the use in combination of space observations for monitoring water storage changes in river basins worldwide, and (2) the use of space data in hydrological modeling either through data assimilation or as external constraints. The water resources aspect is also addressed, as well as the impacts of direct anthropogenic forcing on land hydrology (e.g. ground water depletion, dam building on rivers, crop irrigation, changes in land use and agricultural practices, etc.). Remote sensing observations offer important new information on this important topic as well, which is highly useful for achieving water management objectives.Over the past 15 years, remote sensing techniques have increasingly demonstrated theircapability to monitor components of the water balance of large river basins on time scales ranging from months to decades: satellite altimetry routinely monitors water level changes in large rivers, lakes and floodplains. When combined with satellite imagery, this technique can also measure surface water volume variations. Passive and active microwave sensors offer important information on soil moisture (e.g. the SMOS mission) as well as wetlands and snowpack. The GRACE space gravity mission offers, for the first time, the possibility of directly measuring spatio-temporal variations in the total vertically integrated terrestrial water storage. When combined with other space observations (e.g. from satellite altimetry and SMOS) or model estimates of surface waters and soil moisture, space gravity data can effectively measure groundwater storage variations. New satellite missions, planned for the coming years, will complement the constellation of satellites monitoring waters on land. This is particularly the case for the SWOT mission, which is expected to revolutionize land surface hydrology. Previously published in Surveys in Geophysics, Volume 37, No. 2, 2016

Liquid water is essential for the emergence of life at least as we know it on Earth. Written by recognized experts in the field, this volume provides a complete inventory of water throughout the Solar System and a comprehensive overview of the evolution of water from the interstellar medium to the final planetesimals and planets.Through a series of up-to-date review papers, the book describes how water influences the geophysical evolutions of bodies and how it is in turn affected by such evolutions. Processes like atmospheric escape under the effect of stellar irradiation and collisional impacts are discussed in detail, with specific emphasis on the consequences for the budgets of water and volatile elements in general. Specific papers on the emergence of life on Earth and the prospects of habitability on extrasolar planets are included.The papers take an interdisciplinary approach to habitability, addressing it from the perspectives of astronomy, planetary science, geochemistry, geophysics and biology. Comprehensive yet easy to read, this volume serves as an invaluable resource to scholarly, professional and general audiences alike.¿Originally published in Space Science Reviews in the Topical Collection "The Delivery of Water to Protoplanets, Planets and Satellites"

Thus, the volume will benefit researchers spanning a wide range of expertise, including theorists, observers, and modelers working on a large variety of spatial scales. Originally published in Space Science Reviews in the Topical Collection "Astronomical Distance Determination in the Space Age"

The articles republished in this book survey and summarize recent research in helioseismology as well as studies of the interior structure, dynamics and magnetism of the solar interior that are being tested and refined using the helioseismic results.Helioseismology has in the last few decades become a highly productive technique for studying the Sun's interior from observations of the vibrations of its surface. The vibrations are manifestations of resonant modes of the Sun that are continuously excited by turbulent motions in the Sun's convection zone, and a plethora of data have been obtained from dedicated ground-based and space-based observing systems.The book will be of particular interest to researchers and graduate students in the fields of helioseismology, solar interior dynamics and the solar dynamo. It will also be of interest to researchers in solar physics, solar activity, stellar physics, astrophysical fluid dynamics and asteroseismology.Originally published in Space Science Reviews, Volume 196, Issue 1-4, December 2015

This volume reviews both historical and current studies of desert whirlwinds called dust devils on Earth and Mars.

This volume provides a comprehensive view on the different sources of the geomagnetic field both in the Earth's interior and from the field's interaction with the terrestrial atmosphere and the solar wind.