Bøger i Springer Textbooks in Earth Sciences, Geography and Environment serien

This textbook presents an extensive manual of crystallography, including geometric crystallography, crystallochemistry, and crystallophysics. Illustrated with a wealth of figures and diagrams, it offers a thorough introduction to crystals for undergraduate and graduate students interested in learning the essentials and advanced concepts of crystallography.The book begins with basic concepts such as the geometry, morphology and symmetry of lattices, allowing readers to approach the subject from a mathematical point of view, abstracting it from its material content. In turn, the second part focuses on crystallochemistry and explains the differences between ideal and real crystals, and between static and dynamic ones. The third part of the textbook concerns crystallophysics and addresses the electrical, magnetic, mechanical, elastic and optical properties of crystals, as well as the fundamental laws and methods of X-ray diffraction.

Starting from concrete examples in Geomorphology, this comprehensive textbook explains to graduate and postgraduate students, point-cloud data technology and associated methods from acquisition to final-product generation. In the last few decades, Geo-sciences have experienced a paradigm shift from the challenge of collecting enough data to the need of creating new processing tools that can handle the billions of data. This shift has come to Geomorphology with the increasing use of surface-pointclouds obtained from photogrammetry, laser scanners and processed by specialist software, and it is thus necessary for the next generation of geomorphologist to be fluent in these technologies. Consequently, this book explains from concrete examples how to use pointcloud technologies, from data collection to processing and final product generation. The philosophy of this book relies on two principles, first: you do not have to be a tech-wizard to use pointcloud technologies, allowing the you to bring back the focus on your science; second pointcloud methods can be affordable, therefore the book provide a set of worked-examples in the different geomorphological environments using open source software and R and Python code samples. The book can be used as a textbook in a geomorphology, geology, physical geography, Sabo-sciences and engineering class, as well as a companion for the more seasoned scientist who wants to solve specific problems.

This textbook is intended to display a broad, methodological introduction to geoinformatics and geoinformation science. It deals with the recording, modeling, processing and analysis as well as presenting and distributing of geodata. As an integrated approach it is dedicated to the multidisciplinary application of methods and concepts of computer science to solve spatial tasks. First the reader receives an introduction to the approach and tasks of geoinformatics, basic concepts and general principles of information processing as well as essentials of computer science. Then this textbook focuses on the following topics: spatial reference systems, digital spatial data, interoperability of spatial data, visualization of spatial information, data organization and database systems, geoinformation systems, remote sensing and digital image processing.The result is a comprehensive manual for studies and practical applications in geoinformatics. It serves also as a basis to support and deepen methodological courses in geography, geology, geodesy and surveying as well as all environmental sciences. In this first English edition, the author has updated and significantly expanded the fourth German edition. New additions include the development of apps, graphical presentation on the web, geodata-bases and recent methods of classification. This book is based on the original German 4th edition Geoinformatik in Theorie und Praxis by Norbert de Lange, published by Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature in 2020 and still presents the only integrated perspective on geoinformatics and geoinformation science. This book was translated with the help of artificial intelligence (machine translation by the service DeepL.com) first and then significantly revised with regard to technical terms and special topics of geoinformatics.

This textbook is the first to offer essential information on the ores and basic properties of the majority of chemical elements, together with the most important industrial minerals, their latest applications and recycling options, illustrated with a wealth of photos. This book represents the culmination of a comprehensive project jointly pursued by the Valentí Masachs Geology Museum and the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC) (Polytechnic University of Catalonia) over the past several years. Published in response to multiple requests from university professors and other educators, it will promote a new society in which human beings use the Earth¿s natural resources responsibly and with respect for the environment. Keep in mind that we aren¿t the only inhabitants of the Earth, a wonderful but depletable planet!

This textbook shows all the existing knowledge about coastal geology and its implications for coastal management. In the last decades, the geological sciences have been supplying exciting information about the coastal systems, not only from its dynamics but also providing a sedimentary concept to understand and interpret the preserved coastal stratigraphical record. Furthermore, recent investigations have been focused on the prevention of coastal hazards like storms, tsunamis, or sea-level fluctuation. This discipline has an increasing interest after the expanding human activities around the coasts worldwide. The present trend is that many of the problems raised by the coast-human interaction must be resolved by using the Integrated Coastal Zone Management.The chapters of this book have a double-level structure. The first part of each chapter contains the necessary information for undergraduate courses studying coastal geology. The second part includes advanced information and examples to be used by graduate students and novel professionals.

This textbook introduces physical geodesy. It treats the boundary-value theories of the discipline comprehensively, and provides insights to the theory of gravity reduction based on a spherical Earth model. This book is for students who wish to thoroughly understand the material and to expand their knowledge and skills in mathematics for more advanced study and research in this discipline. The details of mathematical derivations included are a useful asset for instructors and researchers.

This new edition of the classic textbook presents a large number of diagrams showing the stability relations among minerals and groups of minerals found in metamorphic rocks. The diagrams help to determine the pressure and temperature conditions under which a given set of metamorphic rocks may have formed. Other parameters that control metamorphic mineral assemblages are also discussed and pitfalls resulting from simplifications and generalizations are highlighted. The book discusses the most common metamorphic rock types, their nomenclature, structure and graphical representation of their mineral assemblages. Part I defines basic principles of metamorphism, introduces metamorphic processes, geologic thermometry and barometry and defines metamorphic grade. Part II presents in a systematic way mineralogical changes and assemblages found in the most common types of metamorphic rocks. The computation of diagrams is based on recent advances in quantitative petrology and geochemistry. An extensive bibliography, including the key contributions and classic papers in the field, make it an invaluable source book for graduate students and professional geologists.

Python is used in a wide range of geoscientific applications, such as in processing images for remote sensing, in generating and processing digital elevation models, and in analyzing time series. This book introduces methods of data analysis in the geosciences using Python that include basic statistics for univariate, bivariate, and multivariate data sets, time series analysis, and signal processing; the analysis of spatial and directional data; and image analysis. The text includes numerous examples that demonstrate how Python can be used on data sets from the earth sciences. The supplementary electronic material (available online through Springer Link) contains the example data as well as recipes that include all the Python commands featured in the book.

Stable Isotope Geochemistry is an introduction to the use of stable isotopes in the geosciences. For students and scientists alike the book will be a primary source of information with regard to how and where stable isotopes can be used to solve geological problems. It is subdivided into three parts: i) theoretical and experimental principles, ii) fractionation processes of light and heavy elements, iii) the natural variations of geologically important reservoirs. In the last decade, major advances in multicollector-ICP-mass-spectrometry enable the precise determination of a wide range of transition and heavy elements. Progress in analysing the rare isotopes of certain elements allows the distinction between mass-dependent and mass-independent fractionations. These major advances in analytical techniques make an extended new edition necessary. Special emphasis has been given to the growing field of "e;non-traditional"e; isotope systems. Many new references have been added, which will enable quick access to recent literature.

This book reviews the hydrogeology of karst systems, starting with the classifications from the applied point of view, and then the hydraulic parameters (porosity, permeability, and transmissivity).

Based on a university course, this book provides an exposition of a large spectrum of geological, geochemical and geophysical problems that are amenable to thermodynamic analysis.

This textbook is the first to offer essential information on the ores and basic properties of the majority of chemical elements, together with the most important industrial minerals, their latest applications and recycling options, illustrated with a wealth of photos.

This textbook introduces the use of Python programming for exploring and modelling data in the field of Earth Sciences.

This book is a marked departure from typical introductory geochemistry books available: It provides a simple, straightforward, applied, and down-to-earth no-nonsense introduction to geochemistry.

This textbook provides students and academics with a conceptual understanding of fire behavior and fire effects on people and ecosystems to support effective integrated fire management.

This book simulates a historical walk through nature, teaching readers about the biodiversity on Earth in various eras with a focus on past terrestrial environments.

This textbook introduces methods of geoscientific data acquisition using MATLAB in combination with inexpensive data acquisition hardware such as sensors in smartphones, sensors that come with the LEGO MINDSTORMS set, webcams with stereo microphones, and affordable spectral and thermal cameras. The text includes 35 exercises in data acquisition, such as using a smartphone to acquire stereo images of rock specimens from which to calculate point clouds, using visible and near-infrared spectral cameras to classify the minerals in rocks, using thermal cameras to differentiate between different types of surface such as between soil and vegetation, localizing a sound source using travel time differences between pairs of microphones to localize a sound source, quantifying the total harmonic distortion and signal-to-noise ratio of acoustic and elastic signals, acquiring and streaming meteorological data using application programming interfaces, wireless networks, and internet of things platforms, determining the spatial resolution of ultrasonic and optical sensors, and detecting magnetic anomalies using a smartphone magnetometer mounted on a LEGO MINDSTORMS scanner. The book¿s electronic supplementary material (available online through Springer Link) contains recipes that include all the MATLAB commands featured in the book, the example data, the LEGO construction plans, photos and videos of the measurement procedures.

It covers critical scientific skills and ways of thinking that bridge the gap between the knowledge-based content of introductory environmental textbooks and the professional skills students of the environment need to succeed in both their academic programs and professional careers.

This book simulates a historical walk through nature, teaching readers about the biodiversity on Earth in various eras with a focus on past terrestrial environments.