Bøger om År 1800 til 1899

Dans "La science positive de la morale en Allemagne," Émile Durkheim explore les travaux des penseurs allemands pour comprendre l'évolution de la science morale en Allemagne. L'ouvrage examine les différentes approches de la morale et les influences philosophiques et sociologiques sur la pensée morale allemande. Durkheim analyse les idées de plusieurs penseurs allemands, mettant en lumière les tendances et les perspectives qui ont marqué la science morale dans ce pays. Cet ouvrage représente une contribution significative à la sociologie de la morale et démontre l'engagement de Durkheim à étudier les différentes traditions intellectuelles pour enrichir sa propre perspective sociologique.

"Lettres sur l'éducation esthétique de l'homme" de Friedrich von Schiller est une série de lettres dans lesquelles l'auteur explore sa vision de l'éducation esthétique et son rôle dans le développement complet de l'individu. Schiller souligne l'importance de l'esthétique, en particulier de l'appréciation de l'art, dans la formation d'une personne équilibrée sur le plan émotionnel et intellectuel.L'auteur considère que l'éducation esthétique n'est pas seulement un moyen d'apprécier la beauté artistique, mais aussi un moyen de cultiver la sensibilité morale et l'harmonie intérieure. Il examine comment l'interaction avec l'art, la poésie et d'autres formes d'expression esthétique peut contribuer à élever l'âme humaine et à favoriser le développement d'une société plus éclairée.Dans ces lettres, Schiller explore également des thèmes tels que la liberté, l'idéalisme et la manière dont l'éducation esthétique peut contribuer à la formation de citoyens engagés et éthiques. L'¿uvre offre une réflexion profonde sur la nature humaine et la quête constante de perfectionnement à travers l'appréciation de la beauté et de l'art.

"Le Docteur Quesnay" de Gustave Schelle est une biographie qui se penche sur la vie et les idées du médecin et économiste français François Quesnay. L'ouvrage explore la vie de Quesnay, mettant en lumière son parcours médical et son rôle en tant que physiocrate, une école de pensée économique du XVIIIe siècle. Schelle examine les contributions de Quesnay à la compréhension des mécanismes économiques, en mettant particulièrement l'accent sur sa fameuse "Tableau économique". L'auteur offre une perspective détaillée sur la vie intellectuelle et les influences qui ont façonné les idées de Quesnay, contribuant ainsi à une meilleure compréhension de son impact sur le développement de la pensée économique.

My Lord,¿It is with a great deal of pleasure that I lay hold on this first occasion which the accidents of my life have given me of writing to your lordship: for since at the same time I write to all the world, it will be a means of publishing (what I would have everybody know) the respect and duty which I owe and pay to you. I have somuch inclination to be yours that I need no other engagement. But the particular ties by which I am bound to your lordship and family have put it out of my power to make you any compliment, since all offers of myself will amount to no more than an honest acknowledgment, and only shew a willingness in me to be grateful. I am very near wishing that it were not so much my interest to be your lordship¿s servant, that it might be more my merit; not that I would avoid being obliged to you, but I would have my own choice to run me into the debt: that I might have it to boast, I had distinguished a man to whom I would be glad to be obliged, even without the hopes of having it in my power ever to make him a return.

"L'esprit de la révolution et de la constitution de la France" est un ouvrage attribué à Louis Antoine de Saint-Just, une figure majeure de la Révolution française. Voici un résumé de l'¿uvre :Dans cet ouvrage, Saint-Just expose ses idées sur l'esprit de la Révolution française et sur la manière dont la constitution de la France doit être conçue pour refléter les idéaux républicains. L'auteur, connu pour ses positions radicales et son engagement en faveur de la Terreur, cherche à articuler une vision politique et sociale qui reflète les principes révolutionnaires.Saint-Just examine les fondements de la Révolution, mettant l'accent sur la nécessité de l'égalité, de la liberté et de la justice. Il explore également la question de la constitution, offrant sa perspective sur la manière dont les institutions doivent être structurées pour garantir un gouvernement juste et équitable.L'ouvrage de Saint-Just peut également contenir des réflexions sur la place du peuple dans le processus révolutionnaire, ainsi que sur les moyens nécessaires pour défendre la République contre ses ennemis.En résumé, "L'esprit de la révolution et de la constitution de la France" offre un aperçu des idées politiques de Saint-Just et de sa vision de la Révolution, tout en fournissant des arguments en faveur d'une constitution alignée sur les principes républicains fondamentaux.

"Le Saguenay et le Bassin du Lac Saint-Jean" est un ouvrage d'Arthur Buies, écrivain et journaliste québécois du XIXe siècle. Voici un résumé de l'¿uvre :Dans cet ouvrage, Arthur Buies explore la région du Saguenay et du Bassin du Lac Saint-Jean, offrant aux lecteurs une plongée immersive dans la géographie, l'histoire et la vie quotidienne de cette région du Québec. À travers ses observations perspicaces, Buies décrit la beauté naturelle et sauvage du Saguenay, soulignant les caractéristiques uniques de son paysage.L'auteur se penche également sur l'histoire de la région, évoquant probablement les premières explorations et la colonisation européenne. Il donne vie aux habitants, décrivant leurs coutumes, leur mode de vie et les défis auxquels ils sont confrontés dans ce coin éloigné du Canada.En résumé, "Le Saguenay et le Bassin du Lac Saint-Jean" est une exploration complète et captivante de cette région québécoise, offrant aux lecteurs une vision riche et nuancée de son passé, de sa culture et de sa nature environnante.

Rupert Brooke was both fair to see and winning in his ways. There was at the first contact both bloom and charm; and most of all there was life. To use the word his friends describe him by, he was "vivid". This vitality, though manifold in expression, is felt primarily in his sensations ¿ surprise mingled with delight ¿ "One after one, like tasting a sweet food." This is life's "first fine rapture". It makes him patient to name over those myriad things each of which seems like a fresh discovery curious but potent, and above all common, that he "loved", ¿ he the "Great Lover". Lover of what, then? Why, of "White plates and cups clean-gleaming, Ringed with blue lines," ¿and the like, through thirty lines of exquisite words; and he is captivated by the multiple brevity of these vignettes of sense, keen, momentary, ecstatic with the morning dip of youth in the wonderful stream. The poem is a catalogue of vital sensations and "dear names" as well. "All these have been my loves."

Sea Lullaby The old moon is tarnished With smoke of the flood, The dead leaves are varnished With colour like blood. A treacherous smiler With teeth white as milk, A savage beguiler In sheathings of silk The sea creeps to pillage, She leaps on her prey; A child of the village Was murdered today. She came up to meet him In a smooth golden cloak, She choked him and beat him to death, for a joke. Her bright locks were tangled, She shouted for joy With one hand she strangled A strong little boy. Now in silence she lingers Beside him all night To wash her long fingers In silvery light.

"La Sainte Famille" est une ¿uvre majeure de Karl Marx et Friedrich Engels, écrite en 1844 en réponse à la critique de Bruno Bauer et d'autres contemporains. L'¿uvre aborde des questions philosophiques, théologiques et politiques. Marx et Engels critiquent sévèrement la philosophie allemande, s'opposent à l'idéalisme hégélien, critiquent la religion en tant qu'expression idéologique des inégalités sociales, esquissent les prémices du matérialisme historique, et abordent des questions politiques, insistant sur l'importance de l'action pratique pour la transformation sociale. Bien que moins connue que les ¿uvres ultérieures, "La Sainte Famille" jette les bases de la pensée critique de Marx et Engels, contribuant au développement ultérieur du matérialisme historique, une composante fondamentale de la théorie marxiste.

Louis Antoine de Saint-Just, homme politique français de la Révolution française, a laissé une empreinte importante en tant que figure majeure de cette période tumultueuse de l'histoire française. Voici un résumé de sa théorie politique :Contexte :Saint-Just est né le 25 août 1767 et a été actif pendant la Révolution française, une période caractérisée par des bouleversements politiques, sociaux et économiques. Il a été élu député à la Convention nationale en 1792 et a joué un rôle clé dans la mise en place du gouvernement révolutionnaire.Théorie politique :Virtue (Vertu) : Saint-Just prônait la vertu comme principe central de la Révolution. Il croyait que pour maintenir la République, les citoyens devaient être guidés par la vertu, un engagement envers le bien commun au-dessus des intérêts personnels.Terreur : Saint-Just était un partisan de la Terreur, une période pendant laquelle des mesures draconiennes ont été prises pour éliminer les opposants à la Révolution. Il considérait la Terreur comme un moyen nécessaire pour purger la société des ennemis de la République.Républicanisme radical : En tant que républicain radical, Saint-Just prônait une vision égalitaire de la société. Il était opposé à la monarchie et défendait la République comme la seule forme de gouvernement acceptable.Rejet de la démocratie représentative : Contrairement à certains de ses contemporains, Saint-Just n'était pas un défenseur enthousiaste de la démocratie représentative. Il avait des doutes sur la capacité du système à représenter véritablement la volonté du peuple.Élimination des éléments contre-révolutionnaires : Saint-Just préconisait une politique de purgation radicale pour éliminer tout élément contre-révolutionnaire. Il pensait que cela était nécessaire pour garantir la stabilité de la République.Héritage :Saint-Just a joué un rôle actif pendant le règne de la Terreur, mais ses positions radicales ont finalement contribué à sa propre chute. Il a été arrêté et exécuté en 1794. Bien que controversée, sa théorie politique a influencé certains mouvements radicaux ultérieurs et continue de susciter des débats sur la nature de la Révolution française.

IV In sighs their sickly breath was spent; each gleam Of Hope had ceas'd the long long day to cheer; Or if delusive, in some flitting dream, It gave them to their friends and children dear¿Awaked by lordly Insult's sound 15 To all the doubled horrors round, Oft shrunk they from Oppression's band While Anguish rais'd the desperate hand For silent death; or lost the mind's controll, Thro' every burning vein would tides of Frenzy roll. 20 V But cease, ye pitying bosoms, cease to bleed! Such scenes no more demand the tear humane; I see, I see! glad Liberty succeed With every patriot virtue in her train! And mark yon peasant's raptur'd eyes; 25 Secure he views his harvests rise; No fetter vile the mind shall know, And Eloquence shall fearless glow. Yes! Liberty the soul of Life shall reign, Shall throb in every pulse, shall flow thro' every vein! 30

From whom they wish their Queen to chuse a Consort. First, my dear Mother! let me mount my throne, Before I fix with whom, that Throne to share. Ah! my foreboding fears! Your choice is made. Reflect, my Child! whilst yet the power remains, What grief, what dangers may await your love. Resist this fatal impulse of your heart, Which will embitter all your future life. Could my maternal bosom yield consent, Yet would the Nobles of your Realm submit To bow the knee to one, plebeian born? Too much, alas! the valiant Carlos charms you. But what avails his matchless worth? His blood Springs from some base, contaminated source, Which he, through pride, with conscious shame, conceals. Yet, though conceal'd, its source may be most pure. For have not princes, men of high renown, Disguis'd themselves, their names, and birth deny'd, Whose swords alone have signaliz'd their fame; Subduing kingdoms, and bestowing crowns: Singly the fate of empires, and of kings. Is this the flattering hope your heart has cherish'd? And the distinction which you pay to Carlos, Is it then love, grafted on hope fallacious? Ah! my dear Child! give not such room for censure, Nor cherish sentiments, you must subdue. Avoid the converse which destroys your peace, And lends the venom'd tongue of slander, speech. Such rare endowments, and such gallant worth, As Carlos owns, in noble minds, excite Esteem, complacent friendship, and urbanity. I but that tribute of regard bestow, Which his transcendent virtues justly claim; Chaste as a sister's innocent affection. Can this reflect upon my virgin fame, Or draw the breath of calumny against me? Beauty and youth, with princely rank combin'd, Winning admirers, draw observers too.

A PRAYER O Lord, the hard-won miles Have worn my stumbling feet: Oh, soothe me with thy smiles, And make my life complete. The thorns were thick and keen Where'er I trembling trod; The way was long between My wounded feet and God. Where healing waters flow Do thou my footsteps lead. My heart is aching so; Thy gracious balm I need. PASSION AND LOVE A maiden wept and, as a comforter, Came one who cried, "I love thee," and he seized Her in his arms and kissed her with hot breath, That dried the tears upon her flaming cheeks. While evermore his boldly blazing eye Burned into hers; but she uncomforted Shrank from his arms and only wept the more. Then one came and gazed mutely in her face With wide and wistful eyes; but still aloof He held himself; as with a reverent fear, As one who knows some sacred presence nigh. And as she wept he mingled tear with tear, That cheered her soul like dew a dusty flower,¿ Until she smiled, approached, and touched his hand![Pg 12]

In the soft sunny regions that circle the waistOf the globe with a girdle of topaz and gold, Which heave with the throbbings of life where they're placed, And glow with the fire of the heart they enfold; Where to live, where to breathe, seems a paradise dream A dream of some world more elysian than this Where, if Death and if Sin were away, it would seem Not the foretaste alone, but the fulness of bliss. Where all that can gladden the sense and the sight, Fresh fruitage as cool and as crimson as even; Where the richness and rankness of Nature unite To build the frail walls of the Sybarite's heaven. But, ah! should the heart feel the desolate dearth Of some purer enjoyment to speed the bright hours, In vain through the leafy luxuriance of earth Looks the languidlit eye for the freshness of flowers. No, its glance must be turned from the earth to the sky, From the clayrooted grass to the heavenbranching trees; And there, oh! enchantment for soul and for eye, Hang blossoms so pure that an angel might seize. Thus, when pleasure begins from its sweetness to cloy, And the warm heart grows rank like a soil over ripe, We must turn from the earth for some promise of joy, And look up to heaven for a holier type.

"The Ghetto and Other Poems" is a poetry collection by Lola Ridge, an Irish-American poet and activist. Published in 1918, this collection is known for its exploration of social issues, particularly the harsh realities faced by immigrants and the working class in the early 20th century.Lola Ridge's poems often address themes of poverty, labor struggles, and the immigrant experience, drawing on her own observations and experiences. "The Ghetto," one of the central poems in the collection, delves into the struggles of immigrant communities in urban environments.Ridge's poetry is characterized by its vivid and compassionate portrayal of marginalized individuals, and she was an advocate for social justice and workers' rights. Her work reflects the tumultuous times of the early 20th century, marked by industrialization, urbanization, and the challenges faced by those on the margins of society."The Ghetto and Other Poems" stands as a testament to Lola Ridge's commitment to using poetry as a means of shedding light on social issues and advocating for change. Immerse yourself in Ridge's poignant verses to experience the vivid narratives and impassioned voices of those often overlooked in the broader historical narrative.

"The Habitant and Other French-Canadian Poems" is a collection of poetry written by William Henry Drummond, a Canadian poet born in Ireland. Published in 1897, this collection is notable for its exploration of French-Canadian culture and dialect.Drummond's poems in this collection often portray the life, language, and traditions of the habitants, the French-Canadian rural inhabitants. He captures the essence of their daily lives, struggles, and joys in a distinctive blend of English and French dialects, showcasing his efforts to preserve the cultural and linguistic heritage of the French-Canadian community.One of Drummond's well-known poems from this collection is "The Wreck of the 'Julie Plante'," which humorously narrates the misadventures of a French-Canadian man during a steamboat journey."The Habitant and Other French-Canadian Poems" is considered a pioneering work in Canadian literature, as it brings attention to the multicultural and multilingual aspects of Canadian identity. Drummond's ability to capture the unique character of French-Canadian life contributed to the broader recognition and appreciation of Canadian literature during the late 19th century.

"The German Legion" is a poem written by Sydney Thompson Dobell, a 19th-century English poet and critic. Published in 1856, the poem is a reflection on the German Legion's involvement in the Crimean War (1853-1856).The German Legion was a military unit composed of German-speaking soldiers, many of whom were political refugees. Dobell's poem likely explores themes related to war, heroism, and the experiences of soldiers. Given the historical context of the Crimean War, the poem might touch upon the challenges faced by the German Legion during this conflict.Sydney Thompson Dobell was associated with the Spasmodic poetry movement, characterized by its emotional intensity and unconventional style. "The German Legion" may reflect Dobell's poetic approach and his engagement with contemporary political and military events.For a detailed analysis and appreciation of the poem, it would be beneficial to explore the specific verses and themes within "The German Legion." If you have access to the full text of the poem, you can delve into Dobell's language, imagery, and the historical context to gain a deeper understanding of his perspective on war and the German Legion's role in it.

MEN call you ¿dark.¿ What factory then blurred the light Of golden suns, when nothing blacker than the shades Of coming rain climbed up the heather-mantled height? While the air Breathed all the scents of all untrodden flowers, And brooks poured silver through the glimmering glades, Then sweetly wound through virgin ground. Must all that beauty pass? And must our pleasure trains Like foul eruptions belch upon the mountain head? Must we perforce build vulgar villa lanes, And on sweet fields of grass The canting scutcheons of a cheating commerce spread? Men call you ¿dark.¿ Did that faith see with cobwebbed eyes, That built the airy octagon on Ely¿s hill,And Gloucester¿s Eastern wall that woos the topaz skies, Where the hymn Angelic ¿Glory be to God on high,And peace on earth to men who feel good will,¿Might softly sound God¿s throne around? Is that a perfect faith Which pew-filled chapels rears, Where Gothic fronts of stone mask backs of ill-baked bricks, And where the frothy fighting preacher fears, As peasants fear a wraith, His deacon¿s frown or some just change in politics?

"The Death-Wake; or, Lunacy: A Necromaunt in Three Chimeras" is a narrative poem written by Scottish author and journalist Thomas Tod Stoddart. Published in 1862, this poem is a dark and imaginative work that explores themes of death, the supernatural, and the human psyche.The title itself suggests a fascination with death and the afterlife, using poetic and archaic language to create an eerie and atmospheric tone. Stoddart, known for his contributions to various literary genres, crafted this work during the Victorian era when Gothic and macabre themes were prevalent in literature.The poem is structured in three parts, referred to as "Chimeras," which may indicate a series of fantastical and dreamlike episodes or visions. Stoddart's language is likely to be rich and descriptive, contributing to the eerie and mystical ambiance of the narrative."The Death-Wake" is not as widely known as some other works from the Victorian era, but it remains an interesting example of the period's fascination with the supernatural and its exploration of the mysterious realms of life and death. If you have access to the full text, you can delve into Stoddart's poetic language and thematic exploration to fully appreciate the nuances of "The Death-Wake."

"The Green Helmet and Other Poems" is a collection of poetry by the Irish poet William Butler Yeats. Published in 1910, this collection reflects Yeats's exploration of themes such as love, nature, mysticism, and the mythology of Ireland.The title poem, "The Green Helmet," is known for its use of symbolism and explores the themes of love and desire. In addition to the titular poem, the collection includes a variety of other works that showcase Yeats's distinctive poetic style and his engagement with Irish folklore and traditions.Yeats, a key figure in the Irish Literary Revival and a Nobel laureate in Literature, is celebrated for his contributions to modernist poetry. His work often incorporates elements of Irish mythology and the occult, and he was a co-founder of the Abbey Theatre in Dublin."The Green Helmet and Other Poems" provides readers with a glimpse into Yeats's evolving poetic vision during this period. Immerse yourself in the lyrical and symbolic world of W. B. Yeats as he weaves together themes of love, mythology, and the complexities of the human experience.

"The Hind and the Panther" is a lengthy allegorical poem written by John Dryden, one of the leading literary figures of the Restoration period in England. The poem was written in 1687 and is a political and religious allegory that addresses the religious tensions of the time.The poem uses the allegorical figures of a hind (a female deer) and a panther to represent the conflicting religious beliefs of Roman Catholics and Anglicans in England. The hind, representing the Catholic Church, is persecuted, while the panther, representing the Church of England, is depicted as the true and tolerant church.Dryden's poem explores complex theological and political issues, including the debates between Catholics and Protestants and the broader context of the Glorious Revolution. The poem is written in a variety of verse forms, including heroic couplets, and reflects Dryden's mastery of language and poetic technique."The Hind and the Panther" is considered one of Dryden's major works, and its intricate allegory and political commentary make it a significant piece in the literature of the late 17th century. Readers interested in the historical and religious context of the time may find this poem to be a rich and challenging exploration of those themes.

Enter in Magnificent state, to the sound of lowd musicke, the King and Queene as from Church, attended by the Cardinall, Count Malateste, Daenia, Roderigo, Valasco, Alba, Carlo, and some waiting Ladies. The King and Queen with Courtly Complements salute and part; she with one halfe attending her; King, Cardinall and th'other halfe stay, the King seeming angry and desirous to be rid of them too.¿King, Cardinal, Daenia, &c. King. Give us what no man here is master of, Breath; leave us, pray: my father Cardinall Can by the Physicke of Philosophy Set al agen in order. Leave us, pray. Exeunt.

"The Nursery Rhyme Book" by Andrew Lang is a delightful compilation of traditional nursery rhymes, poems, and songs for children. Andrew Lang, a Scottish author and critic, was known for his collections of fairy tales and folklore, and "The Nursery Rhyme Book" is another example of his interest in preserving and presenting traditional literature.Published in the late 19th century, this book likely includes a wide range of nursery rhymes that have been passed down through generations. Nursery rhymes are short, rhythmic poems or songs often designed for young children. They serve not only as entertainment but also as a means of introducing language, rhythm, and storytelling to young readers.Expect to find familiar rhymes like "Jack and Jill," "Humpty Dumpty," and "Hey Diddle Diddle" alongside lesser-known gems. Andrew Lang's editorial touch may bring a scholarly perspective to the collection, providing context or historical notes for some of the rhymes."The Nursery Rhyme Book" is a timeless compilation that offers a nostalgic journey into the world of childhood literature. It remains a valuable resource for parents, educators, and anyone interested in the rich heritage of nursery rhymes.

"The Murdered Traveller" is a poem written by William Cullen Bryant, an American poet and editor who lived during the 18th and 19th centuries. The poem was first published in 1832. "The Murdered Traveller" is known for its melancholic and mysterious tone, and it tells the tale of a murdered traveler who meets a tragic end.In the poem, the speaker encounters a vision of a murdered traveler lying alone in the wilderness. The traveler's untimely death prompts the speaker to reflect on the transient nature of life, the inevitability of death, and the mysterious circumstances surrounding the traveler's demise.Bryant's poem is characterized by its somber atmosphere and reflective themes. The stark imagery and vivid descriptions create a sense of isolation and tragedy, inviting readers to contemplate the fragility of human existence."The Murdered Traveller" is considered one of Bryant's notable works, showcasing his ability to capture the emotional and philosophical dimensions of life and death. Immerse yourself in the verses of William Cullen Bryant for a journey through the haunting landscapes and contemplative themes of this classic poem.

"The House of Dust: A Symphony" by Conrad Aiken is a modernist poetic work that explores themes of love, loss, and the transitory nature of life. Published in 1920, Aiken's "The House of Dust" is considered one of the pioneering examples of American modernist poetry.The poem is structured as a symphony, consisting of four movements, each exploring different aspects of the human experience. Aiken employs vivid and often surreal imagery to convey the complexities of emotions and the human psyche. The overarching metaphor of the "House of Dust" suggests the impermanence and fragility of existence.Throughout the symphony, readers may encounter a series of fragmented and abstract images that contribute to the overall impressionistic quality of the work. Aiken's language is characterized by its musicality and rhythm, reflecting the influence of modernist trends in literature during the early 20th century."The House of Dust" is celebrated for its innovative use of language, form, and symbolism. It invites readers to engage with its evocative verses, challenging them to interpret and derive meaning from the interplay of images and themes. Immerse yourself in the complex and atmospheric world of Conrad Aiken's "The House of Dust" for a unique and thought-provoking poetic experience.

A SONNET Chains may subdue the feeble spirit, but thee, Tell, of the iron heart! they could not tame! For thou wert of the mountains; they proclaim The everlasting creed of liberty. That creed is written on the untrampled snow, Thundered by torrents which no power can hold, Save that of God, when he sends forth his cold, And breathed by winds that through the free heaven blow. Thou, while thy prison walls were dark around, Didst meditate the lesson Nature taught, And to thy brief captivity was brought A vision of thy Switzerland unbound. The bitter cup they mingled, strengthened thee For the great work to set thy country free.

Sins of My Brothers is a harrowing true story of survival. A gritty account of the historic events of April 1865, fueled by greed, corruption, and incompetence that forever changed a nation.