Bøger om År 1800 til 1899

One of Daphne Wade's guilty pleasures is to watch the Duke of Tremore as he works, shirtless, on the excavation site of his ducal estate. Anthony Courtland is by far the most exciting and handsome man she has ever known, and she dreams of one day being able to speak with him without getting tongue tied. Anthony, meanwhile, only sees Daphne as a hard worker on his excavation team. He considers her a plain young lady and says so in a careless remark to a friend, unaware that Daphne is outside the library door, her heart shattering to pieces. So Daphne decides she will not be so silly any longer. She begins to be tutored in the social graces, forcing Anthony to see the beauty who has been right in front of his eyes.

Alasdair Cynster known to his intimates as Lucifer decides to rusticate in the country before the matchmaking skills of London′s mamas become firmly focused on him, the last unwed Cynster. But an escape to Devonshire leads him straight to his destiny in the irresistible form of Phyllida Tallent, a willful, independent beauty of means who brings all his masterful Cynster instincts rioting to the fore. Lucifer isn′t about to deny his desire for Phyllida, and he′s determined to use all his seductive skills to enjoy the benefits of destiny′s choice without submitting to the parson′s noose. Phyllida has had a bevy of suitors, her charm and wit are well known throughout the countryside, but none of them has tempted her the way Lucifer does. His offer to teach her all about the ways of love is almost too tantalising to resist. And though she′s not yet completely surrendered, she knows only a fool stands against a Cynster...and Phyllida is no one′s fool.

It was indisputably love at first sight. But Victoria Lyndon was merely the teenaged daughter of a vicar. . .while Robert Kemble was the dashing young earl of Macclesfield. Surely what their meddlesome fathers insisted must have been true-that he was a reckless seducer determined to destroy her innocence. . . and she was a shameless fortune hunter. So it most certainly was for the best when their plans to elope went hopelessly awry. Even after a seven-year separation, Victoria-now a governess-still leaves Robert breathless. But how could he ever again trust the raven-haired deceiver who had shattered his soul? And Victoria could never give her heart a second time to the cad who so callously trampled on it the first. But a passion fated will not be denied, and vows of love yearn to be kept. . . even when one promises the moon.

Paradise Wild A well-born Boston beauty, Corinne Barrows has traveled halfway around the world in search of Jared Burkett -- a dashing rogue and a devil; a honey-tongued charmer who seduced and despoiled her. . .and then abandoned the impetuous lady after awakening a need that only he could satisfy.She has found him on the lush and lovely island of Hawaii. And now Corinne will have the revenge she craves: the total ruin of the blackguard who brought shame and scandal into her life. But Jared still possesses the power to excite her as no man has ever done--even as his own reckless heart is taken captive in their blistering war of wits and will--igniting a fire that could consume them both unless they surrender to it with wild abandon in the heat of the tropic night.

Professor Stokes, the great Irish clinician of the nineteenth century, to whom we owe so much of our knowledge of the diseases of the heart and lungs, and whose name is enshrined in terms commonly used in medicine in connection with these diseases, has told a striking story of his experiences in a Dublin hospital that illustrates this very well. An old Irishman, who had been a soldier in his younger years and had been wounded many times, was in the hospital ill and manifestly dying. Professor Stokes, after a careful investigation of his condition, declared that he could not live a week, though at the end of that time the old soldier was still hanging on to life, ever visibly sinking. Stokes assured the students who were making the rounds of his wards with him that the old man had at most a day or two more to live, and yet at the end of some days he was still there to greet them on their morning visits. After the way of medical students the world over, though without any of that hard-heartedness that would be supposed ordinarily to go with such a procedure, for they were interested in the case as a medical problem, the students began to bet how long the old man would live.

The growth of intelligence in the human race has its counterpart in that of the individual, especially in the earliest stages. Intellectual activity and the development of reasoning powers are in both cases based upon the accumulation of experiences, and on the comparison, classification, arrangement, and nomenclature of these experiences. During the infancy of each the succession of events can be watched, but there can be no à priorianticipations. Experience alone, in both cases, leads to the idea of cause and effect as a principle that seems to dominate our present universe, as a rule for predicting the course of events, and as a guide to the choice of a course of action. This idea of cause and effect is the most potent factor in developing the history of the human race, as of the individual. In no realm of nature is the principle of cause and effect more conspicuous than in astronomy; and we fall into the habit of thinking of its laws as not only being unchangeable in our universe, but necessary to the conception of any universe that might have been substituted in its place. The first inhabitants of the world were compelled to accommodate their acts to the daily and annual alternations of light and darkness and of heat and cold, as much as to the irregular changes of weather, attacks of disease, and the fortune of war. They soon came to regard the influence of the sun, in connection with light and heat, as a cause. This led to a search for other signs in the heavens. If the appearance of a comet was sometimes noted simultaneously with the death of a great ruler, or an eclipse with a scourge of plague, these might well be looked upon as causes in the same sense that the veering or backing of the wind is regarded as a cause of fine or foul weather.

"Geological Observations on South America" by Charles Darwin is a groundbreaking exploration into the geological wonders of the South American continent. In this seminal work, Darwin meticulously documents his observations and findings during his voyage on HMS Beagle. From the Andes' towering peaks to the intricacies of geological formations, Darwin's keen eye and scientific acumen provide a comprehensive study of South America's geological history. Through vivid descriptions and detailed analysis, Darwin unveils the earth's complex processes, contributing significantly to the understanding of geological evolution. This work not only showcases Darwin's pioneering contributions to earth science but also serves as an enduring resource for geologists and enthusiasts, offering a timeless exploration of the fascinating geological features that characterize South America.

When I had read Charles Darwin's book 'On the Origin of Species,' it seemed to me that there was one mode, and that perhaps the most certain, of testing the correctness of the views developed in it, namely, to attempt apply them as specially as possible to some particular group of animals. such an attempt to establish a genealogical tree, whether for the families of a class, the genera of a large family, or for the species of an extensive genus, and to produce pictures as complete and intelligible as possible of the common ancestors of the various smaller and larger circles, might furnish a result in three different ways. 1. In the first place, Darwin's suppositions when thus applied might lead to irreconcilable and contradictory conclusions, from which the erroneousness of the suppositions might be inferred. If Darwin's opinions are false, it was to be expected that contradictions would accompany their detailed application at every step, and that these, by their cumulative force, would entirely destroy the suppositions from which they proceeded, even though the deductions derived from each particular case might possess little of the unconditional nature of mathematical proof.

The contrast between Individual Psychology and Social or Group Psychology, which at a first glance may seem to be full of significance, loses a great deal of its sharpness when it is examined more closely. It is true that Individual Psychology is concerned with the individual man and explores the paths by which he seeks to find satisfaction for his instincts; but only rarely and under certain exceptional conditions is Individual Psychology in a position to disregard the relations of this individual to others. In the individual's mental life someone else is invariably involved, as a model, as an object, as a helper, as an opponent, and so from the very first Individual Psychology is at the same time Social Psychology as well¿in this extended but entirely justifiable sense of the words. The relations of an individual to his parents and to his brothers and sisters, to the object of his love, and to his physician¿in fact all the relations which have hitherto been the chief subject of psycho-analytic research¿may claim to be considered as social phenomena; and in this respect they may be contrasted with certain other processes, described by us as 'narcissistic', in which the satisfaction of the instincts is partially or totally withdrawn from the influence of other people. The contrast between social and narcissistic¿Bleuler would perhaps call them 'autistic'¿mental acts therefore falls wholly within the domain of Individual Psychology, and is not well calculated to differentiate it from a Social or Group Psychology.

"Over fifty thousand people heard Elsie Lincoln Benedict at the City Auditorium during her six weeks lecture engagement in Milwaukee."¿Milwaukee Leader, April 2, 1921."Elsie Lincoln Benedict has a brilliant record. She is like a fresh breath of Colorado ozone. Her ideas are as stimulating as the health-giving breezes of the Rockies."¿New York Evening Mail, April 16, 1914."Several hundred people were turned away from the Masonic Temple last night where Elsie Lincoln Benedict, famous human analyst, spoke on 'How to Analyze People on Sight.' Asked how she could draw and hold a crowd of 3,000 for a lecture, she said: 'Because I talk on the one subject on earth in which every individual is most interested¿himself.'"¿Seattle Times, June 2, 1920."Elsie Lincoln Benedict is a woman who has studied deeply under genuine scientists and is demonstrating to thousands at the Auditorium each evening that she knows the connection between an individual's external characteristics and his inner traits."¿Minneapolis News, November 7, 1920."Elsie Lincoln Benedict is known nationally, having conducted lecture courses in many of the large Eastern cities. Her work is based upon the practical methods of modern science as worked out in the world's leading laboratories where exhaustive tests are applied to determine individual types, talents, vocational bents and possibilities."¿San Francisco Bulletin, January 25, 1919.

Every tissue is composed of two parts: the cellular elements and the intercellular substance. These are called cells and stroma. Upon the first of these depends the vitality and function of the part, while its density, shape and general physical properties are determined by the second. Likewise along the same lines of reason, all of our organs have two separate areas of tissue: theparenchymatous and the interstitial. The first contains the functioning and the second the supporting elements. The physical conditions of the interstitial tissue or the intercellular substance vary greatly in density. Blood is a tissue, the intercellular constituent of which is fluid, and as we consider more dense tissues, we encounter all degrees of density of the framework or intercellular substance, until with the additional presence of calcareous elements, we conceive the hardness of bone and dentine. Tissues as a whole, however, are not solid; there are spaces in the supporting structure to admit of the passage of arteries, veins, nerves, and lymphatics. Abnormal conditions arise in the various parts of the tissues. Certain diseases affect the parenchymatous tissue in an organ more than the interstitial tissue and again others affect the blood vessels particularly.

De la culture maraîchère dans les petits jardins" est un ouvrage écrit par Gérard Courtois, un agronome et jardinier français. Ce livre aborde les techniques de culture maraîchère adaptées aux petits espaces de jardin.Gérard Courtois propose des conseils pratiques et des méthodes pour tirer le meilleur parti des petits jardins, en se concentrant sur la culture de légumes, de fruits et d'herbes. Le livre vise à aider les jardiniers amateurs à maximiser la production alimentaire dans des espaces limités.

Pour les botanistes, le genre Chou (B rassica) ne comprend pas seulement les espèces et variétés fourragères et potagères que nous cultivons dans nos champs et nos jardins sous le nom de Choux; à leurs yeux, le colza, la navette la moutarde noire le navets dont autant d¿ espèces, distinctes de ce genre. Nous n'entendons pas, on le pense bien, critiquer cette classification, mais nous avons le regret de ne pouvoir l'adopter.

Les gémissements poétiques de ce siècle ne sont que des sophismes. Les premiers principes doivent être hors de discussion. J¿accepte Euripide et Sophocle ; mais je n¿accepte pas Eschyle. Ne faites pas preuve de manque des convenances les plus élémentaires et de mauvais goût envers le créateur. Repoussez l¿incrédulité : vous me ferez plaisir. Il n¿existe pas deux genres de poésies ; il n¿en est qüune. Il existe une convention peu tacite entre l¿auteur et le lecteur, par laquelle le premier s¿intitule malade, et accepte le second comme garde-malade. C¿est le poète qui console l¿humanité ! Les rôles sont intervertis arbitrairement. Je ne veux pas être flétri de la qualification de poseur. Je ne laisserai pas des Mémoires. La poésie n¿est pas la tempête, pas plus que le cyclone. C¿est un fleuve majestueux et fertile. Ce n¿est qüen admettant la nuit physiquement, qüon est parvenu à la faire passer moralement. Ô Nuits d¿Young ! vous m¿avez causé beaucoup de migraines !

Le "Manuel Théorique et Pratique du Vigneron Français" a été écrit par M. Thiébaut de Berneaud. Cet ouvrage, publié au XIXe siècle (première édition en 1834), était une référence importante pour les vignerons français de l'époque. Il fournissait des conseils pratiques et des informations théoriques sur la culture de la vigne et la vinification.M. Thiébaut de Berneaud était un agronome et viticulteur français renommé. Son manuel abordait divers aspects de la viticulture, y compris la sélection des cépages, les méthodes de plantation, les soins à apporter à la vigne, la gestion des maladies, et les techniques de vinification.

Il s'agit d'un livre traitant de l'histoire et de la culture des roses, avec une exploration de différentes variétés de rosiers. Il traite de la botanique, l'horticulture, l'art du jardinage, et l'utilisation des roses dans la culture et la symbolique. Les rosiers sont des plantes emblématiques, appréciées pour leur beauté et leur symbolique à travers les siècles. C'est un livre traitant de l'histoire et de la culture des rosiers qui explore l'évolution de ces fleurs, depuis leurs origines jusqu'à leurs nombreuses variétés contemporaines.

"Police secrète du Premier Empire" est un ouvrage écrit par Ernest d'Hauterive. Cet ouvrage explore le fonctionnement de la police secrète sous le régime de Napoléon Ier pendant le Premier Empire en France. Il examine les méthodes, les agents et les activités de la police secrète de l'époque.Ernest d'Hauterive (1812-1899) était un historien et archiviste français. Son ouvrage offre un regard détaillé sur l'appareil de surveillance et de renseignement mis en place par Napoléon Bonaparte pour maintenir l'ordre et contrôler les éléments perçus comme menaçants pour le régime.

Pre-Darwinian Evolutionists¿Causes which led to the speedy triumph of the theory of Natural Selection¿Nature of the opposition which Darwin had to overcome¿Post-Darwinian biology¿Usually accepted classification of present-day biologists as Neo-Lamarckians and Neo-Darwinians is faulty¿Biologists fall into three classes rather than twöNeo-Lamarckism: its defects¿Wallaceism: its defects¿Neo-Darwinism distinguished from Neo-Lamarckism and Wallaceism¿Neo-Darwinism realises the strength and weakness of the theory of Natural Selection, recognises the complexity of the problems which biologists are endeavouring to solve. Darwinism and evolution are not interchangeable terms. On this fact it is impossible to lay too much emphasis. Charles Darwin was not the originator of the theory of evolution, nor even the first to advocate it in modern times. The idea that all existing things have been produced by natural causes from some primordial material is as old as Aristotle. It was lost sight of in the mental stagnation of the Middle Ages. In that dark period zoological science was completely submerged. It was not until men shook off the mental lethargy that had held them for many generations that serious attention was paid to biology. From the moment when men began to apply scientific methods to that branch of knowledge the idea of evolution found supporters.

"Il y a douze ou quinze ans, on ne parlait dans tout le monde civilisé que de tables tournantes etLa vieille science de la nature qui n e marche qüà pas comptés et lents , était dédaignée; cette échappée inattendue sur le mondeinvisible enlevait tous les c¿urs, et promettait des merveilles aux plus ignorants. Et tout à coup, les tables ont cessé de tourner, les esprits de frapper, et l¿on se demande s¿il n¿est rien resté de cet étrange mouvement qui emportait toutes les âmes vers l¿invisible et l¿inconnu. Si ; il en est resté quelque chose, et quelque chose de considérable. Quelques esprits entreprenants ont recueilli ces faits, en ont ajoutéd¿autres à leur connaissance et sur ce fondement qüils n ¿ont pas trouvé trop ruineux, ils ont établi, ont élevé une vaste doctrine Celle-ci a ses conciliabules, ses revues, ses publications de toutes sortes; elle a ses adeptes, ses initiés, ses pontifes. Il est un des quartiers de Paris qu'est devenu le siège d¿une espèce d¿agence littéraire fort importante : c¿est une littérature facile, souple, qui se plie sans effort à tous les genres. Elle embrasse le feuilleton, le roman , l¿an ecdote, la chronique locale ; la philosophie spéculative, la philosophie morale et pratique, les sciences sociales et les sciences naturelles . Humai ne avant tout, rien de ce qui est humain ne lui est étranger...."

In all the foregoing chapters we have been considering only the muscular engines of the human machine, counting them over and comparing their construction and their mechanism with those of the internal-combustion engine of a motor cycle. But of the levers or crankpins through which muscular engines exert their power we have said nothing hitherto. Nor shall we get any help by now spending time on the levers of a motor cycle. We have already confessed that they are arranged in a way which is quite different from that which we find in the human machine. In the motor cycle all the levers are of that complex kind which are called wheels, and the joints at which these levers work are also circular, for the joints of a motor cycle are the surfaces between the axle and the bushes, which have to be kept constantly oiled. No, we freely admit that the systems of levers in the human machine are quite unlike those of a motor cycle. They are more simple, and it is easy to find in our bodies examples of all the three orders of levers. The joints at which bony levers meet and move on each other are very different from those we find in motor cycles. Indeed, I must confess they are not nearly so simple. And, lastly, I must not forget to mention another difference. These levers we are going to study are living¿at least, are so densely inhabited by myriads of minute bone builders that we must speak of them as living. I want to lay emphasis on that fact because I did not insist enough on the living nature of muscular engines.

Les singularités judiciaires sont nombreuses et variées au moyen âge, et souvent les magistrats interviennent dans des circonstances si bizarres, que nous avons peine à comprendre, nos jours, comment ces graves organes de la justice ont pu raisonnablement figurer dans de telles affaires. Toutefois notre but n¿est pas de critiquer ici des sages plus ou moins absurdes, mais d¿en constater simplement l¿existence. Nous bornons notre rôle { raconter les faits, sauf au lecteur à en tirer lui-même les conséquences. Plusieurs siècles nous séparent de l¿époque dont nous cherchons { étudier les m¿urs et les idées, qui forment avec les nôtres de si étranges disparates ; aussi n¿est-ce qüaprès de scrupuleuses recherches faites dans les ouvrages des jurisconsultes et des historiens les plus respectables, que nous avons osé présenter cette rapide esquisse.

"La vie anecdotique et pittoresque des grands écrivains" par Alphonse Séché et Jules Bertaut est une ¿uvre qui plonge dans les biographies et les histoires personnelles de divers écrivains célèbres. Ce genre d'ouvrage s'inscrit dans la tradition des études littéraires biographiques, offrant un regard plus intime et souvent moins formel sur la vie des figures littéraires majeures.Dans ce livre, les auteurs se concentrent probablement sur les anecdotes, les événements singuliers, et les aspects pittoresques de la vie des écrivains, plutôt que sur une analyse purement académique de leur ¿uvre. Cela inclut des histoires sur leurs habitudes d'écriture, leurs excentricités, leurs interactions avec d'autres figures littéraires, et d'autres détails qui révèlent leur personnalité et leur vie quotidienne.Extrait : "Je suis née, écrit George Sand à la première page de l¿ Histoire de ma vie, l¿ année du couronnement de Napoléon l¿ an ! II de la République française Mon no m n¿ est pas Marie Aurore de Saxe marquise de Dude vant, comme plusieurs de mes biographes l¿ ont découvert, mais Amantine-Lucile Aurore Dupin. C¿est que l¿état civil d¿Aurore Dupin est une chose presque aussi compliquée que s a vie. Pendant bien long temps, elle a cru porter le nom d¿ un autre enfant, sa s¿ur, dont on aurait mêlé les papiers avec les siens. Une fois rassurée de ce côté, elle a voulu rectifier, dans l¿Histoire de ma vie le patronyme dont ses contemporains l¿affublent, et, ce faisant, elle s¿est encore trompée. En réalité elle ne s¿appelait pas plus Amantine Lucile, Aurore Dupin comme elle le dit que Marie-Aurore de Saxe (qui est le nom de sa grand mere). D¿après sonacte de baptême elle s¿ appelle Amandine-Lucie¿Aurore , Elle est la fille de Maurice-François Dupin et de Antoinette-Sophie-Victoire Delaborde ou de la Borde"

"Francs-Maçons" par Alexandre De Saint Albin est une ¿uvre qui aborde le sujet de la franc-maçonnerie. Ce livre s'inscrit dans le contexte des études sur les sociétés secrètes et les organisations fraternelles, un domaine d'intérêt historique et culturel significatif.Dans cet ouvrage, De Saint Albin explore l'histoire, les rituels, et les idéologies de la franc-maçonnerie. Il offre un aperçu de cette organisation souvent mystérieuse et mal comprise, en se penchant sur ses origines, son développement, et son influence dans divers contextes sociaux et politiques.Franc-maçon est un terme qui désigne les membres de la franc-maçonnerie, une société initiatique et philanthropique présente dans de nombreux pays à travers le monde. La franc-maçonnerie a des racines historiques profondes remontant au XVIIe siècle en Europe, bien que ses origines exactes fassent toujours l'objet de débats. Alexandre de Saint-Albin né Alexandre-Denis Huot de Longchamp de Saint-Albin, né le 13 septembre 1818 à Sézanne et mort le 31 mars 1879 à Angers est un homme de lettres et nommé inspecteur des bibliothèques d'arrondissement de Paris.

"Les agents de police ont pour mission de veiller avec vigilance au maintien de l'ordre public, de prévenir les infractions à la loi, et aux règlements municipaux, c'est à dire d'empêcher les délits, de rechercher et d'arrêter ceux qui les commettent, et accessoirement, d'exécuter certaines ordonnances judiciaires. L'accomplissement de cette triple mission, qui intéresse au plus haut point la sécurité publique, a été réglementé avec soin par l'autorité compétente: parlement législature, conseil municipal."

Il était près de huit heures lorsque Michel Berthier Lautrec rentra. Sa femme commençait à s¿inquiéter.« Pourquoi ne vous êtes-vous pas mis à table sans moi ? dit Michel avec humeur. ¿ Nous avons préféré t¿attendre, dit Mme Berthier Lautrec de sa voix douce. D¿ailleurs, les enfants n¿avaient pas faim, ni moi non plus. ¿ N¿importe ! Une fois pour toutes, je t¿ai dit que je ne voulais pas qüon m¿attendît.¿ Bien, mon ami. On ne t¿attendra plus. Mon petit Henri, veux-tu sonner pour qüon serve ? » Ce n¿était pas la première fois que pareille scène de ménage se passait chez les Berthier-Lautrec. Depuis quelque temps, le caractère de Michel, plutôt gai, s¿était aigri. Presque chaque soir il rapportait à la maison un front assombri, dînait sans prononcer une parole, puis, le café pris, il se levait de table et allait s¿enfermer dans son cabinet, où il restait à veiller jusqüà une heure avancée de la nuit.

Le titre "Cours pratique de la culture et de la taille des arbres fruitiers" est généralement attribué à Louis Claude Noisette, un horticulteur et pépiniériste français du XIXe siècle.Quant à la mention "Chevalier de l'Ordre Léopold", cela pourrait faire référence à un titre honorifique, mais sans plus de détails, il est difficile de préciser qui exactement est le destinataire de cet honneur.En s¿appuyant sur des dessins d¿une grande précision, ce livre décrit pas à pas, espèce par espèce, toutes les étapes de la taille des principaux fruitiers : pommiers, poirier, pêcher, abricotier, prunier, cerisier, vigne, figuier, olivier.Principes généraux, tailles de formation, tailles de fructification et d¿entretien, tailles de restauration... ce livre explique toutes les étapes de la taille, au fil des saisons et au fil des ans.