Bøger om Centralasien

The Thistle and the Cedar of Lebanon, is a classical and a rare book, that has been considered important throughout the human history, and so that this work is never forgotten we at Alpha Editions have made efforts in its preservation by republishing this book in a modern format for present and future generations. This whole book has been reformatted, retyped and redesigned. These books are not made of scanned copies of their original work, and hence their text is clear and readable. This remarkable book falls within the genres of History, General and Eastern Hemisphere

In Afghanistan's rich and often chaotic history, the period from 1973 to 1978 stands out as one of the most critical and transformative. Characterized by the demise of the monarchy and the birth of the first Republic, this era is characterized by initial relatively non-violent transition, followed by political unrest, societal evolution and eventual demise of the first Republic. Abdul Hamid Muhtat, an active figure in the military in the establishment of the first Republic under President Daud and an insider chronicler of the events, presents a narrative in "Second Collapse, First Republic" written in Persian language, that is deeply rooted in his personal experiences and of historical importance. Holding a brief portfolio as minister of tele-communications under president Daud's first Republic and subsequently forced to step aside, Muhtat explores the complex interplay of political dynamics, societal changes, and the challenging course taken by Afghanistan's first Republic.

This publication is the result of the colloquium held at the Ruhr University of Bochum in Germany 2022. The Proceedings are showing an exciting mixture of cultures and collaborations between different ethnicities and religions created complex and diverse monuments. The shared visual language together with the surrounding environment evolved in artistic innovations.Künstler und Handwerker - Georgische mittelalterliche Skulptur in der Architektur im Austausch mit byzantinischer, persischer, seljukischer und armenischer Kunst.Tagungsband zur interkulturellen Gestaltungsbandbreite islamischer und christlicher Bauten über die Grenzen hinweg - in englischer Sprache.Grundlage dieser Publikation ist das Kolloquium mit gleichnamigem Titel, das im Jahr 2022 an der Ruhr-Universität Bochum stattgefunden hat. Besonderer Fokus liegt hierbei auf der künstlerischen Innovation, die sich aus dem Teilen der visuellen Sprache und der Interaktion verschiedener religiöser und ethnischer Gruppen heraus entwickelt hat.

How conventional forces can adapt to fully address the problem of IEDs and IED-facilitated asymmetric warfare.

Civilian contractors have frequently played an important role in American military operations. George Washington hired civilians to haul the Continental Army's equipment; supply vendors followed the Union and Confederate armies during the Civil War. Indeed, today's military recognizes the use of civilian contractors as a force multiplier in stabilization efforts. Although sometimes expensive, contractors are capable of supplying immediate expertise and manpower much more rapidly than the military can grow subject matter experts. With the establishment of the modern state as the primary organization responsible for the protection of its citizens and territory, the relationship or covenant between the state and its citizens, has remain fairly constant; to assure the peace, the population relied on the state to protect them and in exchange for this safeguard, the population relinquished some of their personal autonomy for that of a larger governing body. This association has remained the primary relationship for hundreds of years, whereby the people provided the state with the resources it needs to provide for the common defense, and the state held on to the monopoly as the single authority entitled to wage war. Modern events have irrevocable and indelibly altered that relationship. The best kind of war, (if in fact they exist), are those that are quick, brutal and decisive. The best kind of war addresses an immediate threat that leaves no doubt who the enemy is, what their objectives are, and what it will take to defeat them. The best kind of war strikes the enemy with the brutality of overwhelming firepower thus leaving them weak, confused, disorganized and vulnerable. The best kind of war is decisive with no doubt about the outcome, or who the victor is.

Embark on an epic journey through the windswept expanses of Central Asia with "The Mongol Empire," a gripping chronicle that unveils the awe-inspiring rise and far-reaching legacy of the Mongol Empire. Immerse yourself in the tumultuous world of Genghis Khan and his descendants as they forged an empire that stretched from the Pacific to the Mediterranean, leaving an indelible mark on the course of world history. In this meticulously researched and vividly narrated exploration, the reader is transported back to the fierce heart of the Mongol steppes, where Genghis Khan's visionary leadership united disparate nomadic tribes into an unstoppable force. Discover the secrets of the Mongol military machine, its unparalleled equestrian prowess, and the strategic brilliance that led to the conquest of vast territories across Asia, Europe, and the Middle East.Unearth the complexities of the Mongol Empire's governance, from the decentralized administrative structure to the assimilation of diverse cultures under the Pax Mongolica. Delve into the enigmatic world of the Silk Road, where trade, ideas, and technology flowed freely, connecting East and West in ways previously unimaginable. As the narrative unfolds, witness the succession of Great Khans, from the expansionist fervor of Genghis Khan to the enlightened rule of Kublai Khan, founder of the Yuan Dynasty. Explore the vibrant tapestry of Mongol society, from the nomadic traditions of the steppes to the cosmopolitan life of the imperial court in Khanbaliq (modern-day Beijing). "The Mongol Empire" also examines the profound impact of the Mongol Empire on the cultures it encountered, fostering exchanges in science, art, and technology that transcended geographical boundaries. Yet, as the empire reached its zenith, the shadows of internal strife and external pressures began to cast doubt on its seemingly invincible legacy. This riveting narrative, enriched with historical insights, primary sources, and a keen understanding of the era, paints a comprehensive portrait of the Mongol Empire. "The Mongol Empire" is an enthralling read for history enthusiasts, scholars, and anyone eager to unravel the epic tale of the nomadic warriors who reshaped the course of civilization.

An account of the many unseen contributions made by civilians to conflict in support of the military in Afghanistan.

Conceived in a storytelling workshop given by Spalding Gray, Old Man In a Baseball Cap is not your typical story of World War II. Rochlin recounts in gritty detail how he--an ordinary young man--was thrust into outrageous circumstances during an extraordinary time. Whether he's bumping up against the army's bigotry because he's Jewish, aiding in the delivery of a baby by cesarean section, being ordered to obliterate a Hungarian village, or parachuting from his plane in the middle of Yugoslavia and then walking 400 kilometers to safety with an amorous guide, Rochlin captures the Intensely powerful experience of a teenager away from home for the first time. Old Man In a Baseball Cap is an astonishingly fresh, candid look at "the last good war." At once naive, candid, and wise, Fred Rochlin's voice is unforgettable.

"From Kabul to the Promised Land" is a personal travel journal by Farwa Parsa, describing the events in the wake of the fall of Kabul and its occupation by the Taliban in August 2021. It vividly describes the challenges she and her family faced leaving Kabul and arriving in the USA. The journal details the hardships her family encountered, moving from one turmoil to the difficulties of establishing themselves in a new country. It's a reminder of what many Afghan families experienced following the Fall of Kabul and their resettlement across the globe.¿¿¿ ¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿ ¿ ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿ ¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿ ¿ ¿¿ ¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿ ¿¿¿ ¿¿ ¿¿ ¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿ ¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿ ¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿ ¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿¿. ¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿ ¿ ¿¿¿¿ ¿ ¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿ ¿ ¿¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿ ¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿ ¿¿ ¿¿ ¿¿¿¿ ¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿¿. ¿¿ ¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿ ¿¿ ¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿ ¿¿ ¿¿ ¿¿¿ ¿¿¿ ¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿ ¿ ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿. ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿¿ ¿ ¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿ ¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿ ¿ ¿¿¿ ¿¿¿ ¿ ¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿­¿¿ ¿¿ ¿¿¿ ¿¿¿ ¿¿ ¿¿ ¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿ ¿¿ ¿¿ ¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿. ¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿ ¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿ ¿ ¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿ ¿¿ ¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿ ¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿ ¿¿¿¿ ¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿ ¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿ ¿¿ ¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿ ¿¿ ¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿. ¿¿¿

In a world where the first impression matters, and guest well-being takes center stage, this book, "Lavylites - The Future of Hotel Cosmetics," presents a revolutionary perspective on the significance and application of cosmetic products in the hotel industry. It is an exploration into the heart of hospitality, enriched with innovative ideas and forward-thinking concepts aimed at making every guest's stay an unforgettable experience.Within these pages, we unveil the latest trends and developments in hotel cosmetics, examining how Lavylites, an avant-garde cosmetic brand, is poised to transform the standards of the hospitality industry. From eco-friendly practices to personalized beauty solutions, this book sheds light on how Lavylites contributes to enhancing the hospitality experience while promoting sustainable practices.

This novel is about Nemo, a minor character who dies early in Dickens's Bleak House and is buried in a pauper graveyard in London. It turns out that Nemo, originally Captain Hawdon, has important relationships with the main characters of the novel. Lady Dedlock, mother of Hawdon's child Esther Summerson, flees from her husband and dies at the gates to this graveyard. Hawdon: A Prequel to Bleak House brings Nemo to life, consistent with the clues laid down by Dickens. Included in this, we follow Captain Hawdon in Afghanistan during the first Afghan war of 1839 to 1842 and then in Ireland during the great famine of the late 1840s. This is a novel about dedication in relationships, the scourge of disease, and anticolonialism in Victorian times.

For 5.500 år siden tæmmede botaifolket hesten. Det ændrede menneskets historie for altid. I BOTAI følger vi tre unge, som hver især er på en rejse. En rejse, som vil ændre deres skæbne. Lyez og Jalqi er vokset op i Botai på den eurasiske steppe, hvor de lever i pagt med naturen og hestene. Men en mørk skygge truer. En forbandelse, også kaldet minwri, spreder sygdom og død. Nakou er nomade og en del af yamnayafolket. Hun har mistet sin familie til forbandelsen og er derfor tvunget til at flygte med sit folk til Altaibjergene, hvor hun skal giftes bort mod sin vilje. Jalqi tager på en farefuld færd mod Altaibjergene for at finde de skinnende sten, som kan forhindre forbandelsen og redde hele hans folk. Lyez drager alene over den enorme steppe for at finde sit ophav, men et skæbnesvangert møde venter.BOTAI er skrevet af Leonora van Deurs (f. 2004), da hun var mellem 15 og 18 år gammel. Bogen bygger på omfattende og grundig research om botaifolket og indeholder et efterskrift af den verdensberømte DNA-forsker, professor og eventyrer Eske Willerslev.

This chronological account traces the history of Afghanistan from pre-civilization to present-day events and considers the future of democracy in Afghanistan.For centuries, Afghanistan has endured control by a gamut of political regimes as a result of its strategic location along the trade route between Asia and the Middle East. The area has been at the center of constant conflict and only in recent years has recovered from the vestiges of warfare. The second edition of this popular reference offers a fresh glimpse at the country, showing modern Afghanistan to be a melting pot of cultures, tribes, and political influences all under the guiding belief of Islam.In addition to thorough coverage of the country's political, economic, and cultural history, the book provides students with an account of recent events in Afghanistan since 2007, such as the death of Osama bin Laden in Pakistan and the removal of NATO soldiers. Other changes include a revised timeline, an updated glossary, additions to the notable figures appendix, and an expanded bibliography that includes electronic resources.

As the Commander of U.S. Central Command, General Frank McKenzie oversaw some of the most important - and controversial operations in modern U.S. military history. He had direct operational responsibility for the strikes on Qassem Soleimani and two successive leaders of ISIS, the many months of deterrence operations against Iran and its proxies, and the methodical drawdown in Iraq. He directed the noncombatant evacuation operation in Afghanistan, and our final withdrawal from that tortured country. The Melting Point has three themes. The first one is the importance of the primacy of civilian control of the military. It has become a widely perceived truth that this control has been eroded over the past few years. General McKenzie doesn't believe that to be the case, and he speaks with some authority on the matter arguing that the civ-mil relationship isn't perfect or frictionless, but it doesn't have to be, and probably shouldn't be. It is, however, more durable than many believe, and is supported and embraced by the military to a degree that some critics do not choose to recognize. The second theme is the uniqueness of being a combatant commander. Combatant commanders participate in the development of policy, although as junior partners. They are also responsible for the execution of policy once civilian leaders have formulated their decision, a unique position, and very different than the role of a service chief, or even the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. None of these officers are in the chain of command, and they have no ultimate, mortal responsibility or authority for execution. Only the combatant commander stands astride the boundary of decision-making and execution. Finally, the third theme that McKenzie argues is that leaders matter, and the decisions they make have a profound effect on what happens on the battlefield. McKenzie provides an honest assessment of his time in command-describing decisions that were sound, as well as some outcomes he wishes were different. He offers a vivid portrait of leadership in action in one of the most volatile regions of the world.

Russian Campaigns in Central Asia reprints rare translations of 1839 and 1873 Russian accounts, detailing campaigns, logistics, and forces in Uzbekistan.Russian Campaigns in Central Asia reprints two rare translations of Russian-language works covering the 1839 and 1873 campaigns in what is now Uzbekistan, originally issued in Calcutta by the government in India. The two accounts cover the campaigns, logistics and the forces involved.The first Russian attempt to subjugate Khiva occurred in 1717. Unsuccessful, this was followed up in 1839 by a Russian army led by Count Perovsky. Again, this attempt would fail before the task was successfully undertaken in 1873. The 1839 campaign is narrated by its commander, Perovsky. After a full discussion of the preliminaries, the campaign itself is described in detail, including notes on the preparations for the invasion, the nature of the march and organization of detachments, and a significant focus on the logistics of the campaign, which dominated the outcome, and ultimately hindered Russian attempts to bring it to a successful conclusion.A second attempt in 1873 saw the Russians succeed, partly down to their achievements on the battlefield and partly due to some luck with logistics. The narrative is detailed, including much on the organization of the Russian forces and their actions, as well as notes on the medium and long-term results of the expedition.Taken together, the two narratives within this book present detailed accounts of neglected aspects of imperial expansion during the nineteenth century and provide much information on the challenging factors involved in logistics related to such campaigning.

Great European planetary festival in Dresden: a serial killer sends out poison horoscopes.Police student Max, severely disturbed by combat missions in Afghanistan, and his Evi, a petty criminal bakery clerk from Upper Lusatia, go in search of clues. While she hunts poisoners in the pulsating Florence on the Elbe, he accompanies the star astrologer Scultetus as a bodyguard to the end of the world.Art Nouveau palace in Prague, Chinese pagoda on the Canary Islands, heavenly priests of the Sahara, Istanbul horoscope scholars, alpine castle with scary witch, planetary avenues on the Atlantic, Scottish druid circles, star hall in Øresund, secret studies in Warsaw, examination by granite-headed lodge brothers and odyssey through the Zittau mountains, escape and return to Dresden.Showdown on the roof of the European Central Bank in Frankfurt am Main. And on, on and on, to the city of dawn in distant India.

"Even before Russia's February 2022 full-scale invasion of Ukraine, Russia had many ongoing and potential disputes with other countries, motivated by a variety of territorial, political, and economic issues. Furthermore, as Moscow has sought to expand its international role, it has increased Russian involvement in civil conflicts, using both overt and covert means. Russian activity in Syria and Libya has raised the prospect that the United States might find itself militarily entangled with Russia in various global hotspots. Therefore, the authors of this report sought to identify possible Russian flashpoints with countries in and near the U.S. Army Europe area of responsibility that could entangle the United States and present distinct military challenges to the U.S. Army. Using quantitative and qualitative methods to analyze historical data on Russian disputes and conflicts, the authors identified the key drivers of such flashpoints. They then leveraged these findings to derive planning implications for the United States and the U.S. Army in particular. The authors also examined two additional potential drivers of conflict not captured in historical data--Russia's use of private military contractors and its operations in the information environment--to see whether either might lead to a flashpoint in the future."--

The United States makes significant investments in military activities that are intended to deter Russian and Iranian aggression. These investments have only grown in Europe since 2014, when Russia invaded and subsequently annexed Crimea, and remain substantial in the Middle East despite the overall trend of the United States reducing its forward posture in that theater. The increased importance of deterrence as a military mission raises the question of how the United States can most effectively and efficiently deter Russia and Iran without crowding out investments in its other key military missions--including competing with China in the Indo-Pacific. To support defense planners in crafting effective and efficient deterrence strategies, RAND researchers conducted a multimethod analysis--consisting of a literature review, roundtables with subject-matter experts, quantitative analysis, and a case study of Ukraine--to examine conventional deterrence in two theaters: U.S. European Command (EUCOM) and U.S. Central Command (CENTCOM). Specifically, the researchers assessed the deterrent impacts of three categories of U.S. operations, activities, and investments (OAIs): U.S. forward presence; exercises and short-term deployments, such as bomber task force (BTF) missions; and security cooperation. In this report, the researchers describe their findings and offer recommendations for defense planners. This research was completed before the February 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. It has not been subsequently revised.

Weapon exports and the provision of security and military services abroad by China and Russia serve as a means for both countries to extend their influence around the globe. How do such activities affect India--an emerging great power--and what do they mean for India-U.S. security cooperation? A conference held on June 30 and July 1, 2022, sponsored by the U.S. Department of State, was part of an ongoing project focusing on these questions. Participants explored Indian and U.S. views on important security issues across the Indo-Pacific and sought to identify areas of mutual interest and disagreement. Discussions were informed by six papers--three from the RAND Corporation and three from the Observer Research Foundation--that discussed common approaches to bilateral security cooperation, Russian arms sales to India, and the challenges posed by China to regional security. This report contains those papers, along with a summary of the issues discussed.

The dynamic and interconnected ways Afghans and Iranians invented their modern selves through literature.

"From Time 100 honoree Saad Mohseni, the deeply moving and surprising story of the attempt to build a truly independent media company in contemporary Afghanistan. Saad Mohseni, chairman and CEO of Moby Group, Afghanistan's largest media company, charts a twenty-year effort to bring a free press to his country after years of Taliban rule, and how that effort persists even after the Taliban's return to power in 2021. In the heady early days of the American occupation, Mohseni returns to Kabul which he had last seen as a child before the Soviet invasion. Casting about for ways to be involved in the dawn of a new Afghanistan, Mohseni makes what seems like a quixotic decision to leave the comforts of a career in international banking to start a Kabul radio station with his three siblings. This unlikely venture quickly blossoms into a burgeoning television empire, bringing Mohseni and his family and employees into sometimes uncomfortable contact with everyone who has a stake in the country-from the government of Hamid Karzai to White House officials. Moreover, their radio and television networks soon become a necessary beacon for millions of Afghans, who rely on them not just for independent news but for joyful pleasures like soap operas and Afghan Star, a beloved national singing competition in a country whose previous rulers had banned (and would again ban) music. Mohseni's position at Moby affords him unique insights into this extraordinary yet troubled country, the youngest in the world outside of Sub-Saharan Africa, and his powerful account captures the spirit and resilience of the Afghan people-notably the hundreds of men and women still working in Moby's Kabul office today, who, once again under Taliban rule, create programs, report the news, and educate the public. Radio Free Afghanistan is a stunning, vibrant portrait of a nation in turmoil, poised between despair and hope"--