Bøger om Historiske og kulturelle områder i Italien

Master's Thesis from the year 2022 in the subject Cultural Studies - East European Studies, grade: 1,6, Free University of Berlin (Institute for East European Studies), language: English, abstract: The following article thematizes the newly-established concept of the "Serbian World" which was initially propelled under the media spotlight in Serbia and the region of former Yugoslavia in 2020. Since becoming popular in the media discourse in both Serbia and the region, the term "Serbian world" has not been studied or analysed properly nor has it been the topic of academic research as such. Therefore, the author of the thesis reconstructs the cognitive structure of the Serbian world concept in political discourses in contemporary Serbia and the region, using the methodology of cognitive semantics. Moreover, this article analyses the various meanings and dimensions of the "Serbian World" concept and emphasizes how the concept is used by the various Serbian governments since the dissolution of Yugoslavia in order to develop a unique soft power concept to improve the image of Serbia regionally and internationally. Furthermore, the author analyses the historical roots of the terminology and the concept per se, but also focusses on its relation to the much more famous Russian counterpart - Russkiy mir. Overall, the article gives the first ever overview of the Serbian world concept in which the author concludes that the Serbian world represents a unique multidimensional, but also relatively fluid concept, used by various Serbian and regional social actors, often politicizing and misusing its true meaning.

Seminar paper from the year 2021 in the subject Cultural Studies - East European Studies, grade: 1,3, Free University of Berlin, language: English, abstract: This article seeks to uncover whether and in what way democratic countries engage into autocracy promotion based on the example of US-Yugoslav relations during the famous Tito-Stalin split of 1948 and in association the "Informbiro period". In particular, it will try to prove that even democracies will support authoritarian regimes and consequently promote autocracy, if it is in their national interest as it was in the case of the U.S. during the Eastern Bloc crisis.After Yugoslavia was excluded from the Cominform, a supranational alliance of Marxist-Leninist communist parties in Europe, the United States aided the South Slavic country politically, economically and militarily, because Tito, at that time, became an important international factor in the process of undermining the Soviet Union. Even though Yugoslavia was and remained to be a communist country after being excluded from the Soviet Union, and accordingly was an ideological adversary of the liberal as well as democratic United States, this did not discourage the great power to open its markets and use its international impact to help a former enemy in need. It turned a blind eye on the political repressions which were conducted through the incarceration of political opponents and alleged ¿Stalinists¿ on the Goli Otok and Sveti Grgur islands, additionally helping the autocratic leader of the Yugoslav Communist Party ¿ Marshal Josip Broz Tito ¿ to remain in power.

Seminar paper from the year 2023 in the subject History - Asia, grade: 1, University of Vienna (Südasien-, Tibet- und Buddhismuskunde), language: English, abstract: The aim of this paper is to give a picture of the famine and all its elements as complete as possible within the restraints of this paper, as well as discussing several different theories as to the cause of the famine, e.g. food availability decline and food entitlement decline. At the end of the paper, the question ¿What caused the Great Bengal Famine?¿ will be extensively answered from as many perspectives as possible by comparing and criticizing them throughout the text. Establishing the incidence, spread, and severity of famines in the past has never been easy. There is a plethora of preconditions, causes and hazards coming together resulting in disaster. This is no different in the case of the Great Bengal Famine or Ponchasher Monnontor in 1943-44. In examining the causes of this particular famine, not only are there a lot of different factors to consider, but there are many contradictory theories surrounding the events taking place in the province of Bengal during that time period. Further complicating the research is the uncertainty on circumstances surrounding the famine and the official inquiry published by the colonial government. Over and beyond there does not seem a complete study on the Great Bengal Famine considering and comparing all aspects of the time and most of the theories surrounding it. This goal is going to be accomplished by discussing the general history and the key data of the Bengal famine 1943-44 in the first chapter. The following and main chapter of the paper concentrates on causes and hazards in regard to the Great Bengal Famine and is threefold. First, there is a discussion about natural causes including a description of the natural hazards occurring at the beginning of the famine, a description of the consequential rice shortage and a closer look at the food availability decline (FAD) approach. Second, the socio-economic causes of the famine will be examined in connection with the concept of vulnerability, the food entitlement decline (FED) approach and the hoarding and speculation claim by the colonial government will be discussed. Third, a closer look will be taken at political causes of the famine including the war related policies instated during the Second World War in Bengal and famine relief policies as well as the general approach to the Great Bengal Famine the colonial government exhibited. At the end, the different causes are being put in relation to each other and their interplay is discussed.

Research Paper (undergraduate) from the year 2022 in the subject African Studies - Linguistics, , language: English, abstract: This study is informed by the observations and revelations that Bemba compound nouns do alter the meaning of words. At the centre of generating meanings of compound nouns in Bemba is a critical analysis into the grammar of Bemba compound nouns with regard to their morphology, syntax and semantics. The study lends itself to the contention by Kula (2009) that the combined nominal roots show properties of compounds with respect to the head controlling agreement and with respect to prosodic requirements on the head to end in a high tone. According to Guthrie (1969), Bemba, coded (M42), is a Bantu language mainly spoken in the Northern part of Zambia. Bemba compound nouns present an interesting area of Bantu linguistics in the manner the compounds behave with regard to their grammar.Dr. Kangwa N.K. is a lecturer at Kwame Nkrumah University in Zambia. They are in the department of Literature and Langauges where they have been lecturing for more than ten years.

Academic Paper from the year 2021 in the subject Cultural Studies - East European Studies, grade: 1,7, Free University of Berlin (Osteuropa Institut), course: Regimes of Violence in Post-Socialist Countries, language: English, abstract: The Yugoslav political prison named ¿Goli Otok¿, located on a barren and uninhabited island in the Adria, was one of the worst detention centres in the 20st century, but it has gone rather unnoticed by contemporary scholars. This text aims to unravel the story about the prison on a small island, situated between the Croatian vacation paradises Krk and Rab, which served as the private concentration camp of the Yugoslav Communist Party ¿ or more precisely: of Marshall Tito. It seeks to find solid answers to the question why this top-secret prison was formed in the first place and what purpose it served for the communist elite at the time.Yugoslaviäs ¿Barren Island¿ internment camp was established back in 1949, merely a year after the famous split from the Soviet Union, and it is therefore usually said that this political prison was mainly for the so-called ¿Stalinists¿. Although this is somewhat true, there were also other political enemies who were imprisoned on Goli Otok, mostly after 1955 and the reconciliation between Yugoslavia and the Soviet Union when basically all opponents of the regime were brought to the infamous island. Thus, this essay examines the need for political repression in former Yugoslavia, considering the historical background of the time and consequently addressing the question of the detainees on the Yugoslav Barren Island in the period between 1949-1989, when the Iron Curtain began to crumble across Eastern Europe and the detention centre was abandoned.

Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2018 im Fachbereich Geschichte Europas - Europa Nachkriegszeit, Note: 2,0, Universität Stuttgart, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Diese Arbeit wird sehr auf das theoretische Gedankengut hinter der Oktoberrevolution ausgerichtet sein. Da dies im Vordergrund steht, soll Lenins Zeit im Exil in München ebenfalls unter diesem Gesichtspunkt betrachtet werden. Dies bedeutet praktisch für diese Arbeit, dass nicht strikt das behandelt werden kann, was ausschließlich in München geschah. Die Hintergründe dessen müssen somit auch beleuchtet werden, damit Lenins Arbeit dort nicht aus dem Zusammenhang gerissen und in ihrem Kontext abgerundet erscheint. Deshalb wird der lokale und auch zeitliche Rahmen auf die Verbannungszeit in Sibirien erweitert. Der 7. November 1917 markiert eines der bedeutsamsten Daten der Geschichte Russlands. Der an jenem Tag durchgeführte Staatsstreich war allerdings bloß der Beginn der tatsächlichen Revolution. Nachdem die nach der Februarrevolution entstandene, im Winterpalais sitzende provisorische Regierung unter Lenins Führung gestürzt wurde, konnte die Umwälzung nach seiner Vorstellung aus ihren Keimen erblühen. Lenin verfasste schon am 8. November 1917 Dekrete für seinen neugeborenen Sowjetstaat. Eines davon befasste sich mit dem Frieden und der Beendigung von Krieg, das andere war das ¿Dekret von Grund und Boden¿ und ging schon eher in die sozialdemokratische Richtung. Es befasste sich mit der Agrar- und Bauernfrage, um die es Lenin schon seit jeher ging. Seine Dekrete waren der erste Schritt, den Lenin tat, um den Sowjetstaat aufzubauen. Von da an begann die Machtübernahme der bolschewistischen Partei und die Diktatur der Arbeiterklasse, die den Sozialismus begründen sollte.

This book explores the effects of land conflicts on women, a case study of Alhadji Baba Amadou Danpullo (BAD) and the Esu people in the North West Region of Cameroon. It analyses the effects of land conflicts on women in this area, as they are the people who mostly cultivate this land even though they do not own it. After carrying out some interviews with community members, government officials, traditional leaders, Babäs supporters and Esu elite, the study in this book summarizes an understanding of the effects of land conflicts on women in this community. Our focus is on how the women in this community got involved in this conflict, starting from the origin and providing an account of the sufferings of women stemming from the land conflicts. They are deprived from the land that they cultivate and therefore, get no food for their families. Although the men are fighting hard to put an end to this conflict, women are also taking action. It is even said that, women are the majority of people that take action to bring the conflict to an end. This brought us to some recommendations for the conflict resolution at the end of the research work.

Forschungsarbeit aus dem Jahr 2023 im Fachbereich Geschichte Deutschlands - Nationalsozialismus, Zweiter Weltkrieg, , Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Vor 78 Jahren endete der Zweite Weltkrieg. Gleichzeitig endete auch die Schreckensherrschaft der Schutzstaffel der NSDAP, der SS. Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt eine bisher nur teilweise erfaßte Gruppe von Waffen-SS Offizieren dar, die Ärzte der Waffen-SS (¿Führer im Sanitätsdienst¿). In fast allen historischen Arbeiten wird der Sanitätsdienst inklusive seiner Akteure kaum oder gar nicht dargestellt. Dieses Personenlexikon ist als Anstoß und Nachschlagewerk zur weiteren wissenschaftlichen Aufarbeitung der Waffen-SS konzipiert und ist Gegenpol zu der unübersichtlichen, unkritischen und bisweilen kriegsverherrlichenden Pseudoliteratur zum Thema Waffen-SS. Neben der Zusammenfassung der Ärzte der Waffen-SS finden am Ende des Buches sich Einheitsbezogene Darstellungen der Bereiche SS-Lazarett Hohenlychen, Einsatzgruppen, SS-Fallschirmjäger und Straflager der SS.Jüngere, naive militärische Adoranten, erliegen nur zu leicht dem vermeintlichen Faszinosum der Waffen-SS, die die in sie gesetzten überhöhten militärischen Erwartungen nicht immer erfüllen konnte. Ausgeblendet wird nur zu gern die grausame Mordbilanz der Waffen-SS gegen Zivilisten und Kriegsgefangene.Das Fazit kann daher nur lauten: ¿Principiis obstä! (Wehret den Anfängen!) Ovid, Remedia amoris 91.

Seminar paper from the year 2022 in the subject History - America, grade: 1,7, University of Frankfurt (Main) (Institute for English and American Studies), course: Remembering the Revolution, language: English, abstract: To assess the Tea Party Movement¿s appropriation of the historically incorrect myth of the Founding Fathers, it is of importance to question why Palin and Cruz mythologize these historical figures and to not only explore the effects of this deification on Tea Partiers and sympathizers but also how it reinforces incorrect convictions about the Founders in American culture.

Seminar paper from the year 2022 in the subject History of Germany - World War I, Weimar Republic, grade: 1,0, University of Heidelberg (ZEGK ¿ Historisches Seminar), course: Proseminar: Die Anfänge der Weimarer Republik, language: English, abstract: This term paper is dedicated to the question of how the contemporary representations of the 'Geiselmord' by official bodies and in the press took place, and to what extent these corresponded to the actual events. Furthermore, it is of historical relevance to examine whether the public portrayal of this crime was deliberately instrumentalized, especially in connection with the strengthening of conservative-nationalist and right-wing radical groups and politics in Bavaria between May 1919 and March 1920.In the research literature, a more detailed treatment of the Geiselmord, usually in the context of the Munich soviet republics, their suppression and the strengthening of conservative- nationalist and radical right-wing groups and politics at the beginning of the Weimar Republic in Bavaria, has taken place especially since the 1960s. In the broader context, this increase in interest can be explained by a general shift in the focus of historiographical study at that time from the end of the Weimar Republic to its formative phase and the accompanying more critical examination of the dichotomous thesis, which had previously hardly been questioned, that the Reich and Länder (federal state) governments had no alternative, especially in their action against radical left-wing uprisings in defence of the parliamentary system against a soviet republic, also in terms of cooperation with the 'old elites' and right-wing groups, which had been prominently advocated by Karl D. Erdmann, among others. Early on, Marxist-Leninist historiography in the GDR also dealt with the Geiselmord in connection with the Munich soviet republics, but this either remained with regret about the inconsistent implementation of a revolutionary terror and relativizing comparisons of the number of victims with the subsequent 'white terror'. In contrast, Heinrich Hillmayr critically discussed the concrete events of the Geiselmord, the deeds of government troops and Freikorps, the question of responsibility for them and noted distortions in the public representation of the Geiselmord and their causes. Most recently, Eliza Ablovatski's comparison of the Munich and Hungarian soviet republics in 1919 is probably the most detailed examination of the consequences of the Geiselmord, which, according to her, played a key role in anti-Semitic and anti-Bolshevik propaganda based on a detailed analysis of contemporary media representation and social reception. Thus, in modern research on the political and social conditions in Bavaria in the early Weimar Republic, a significant role is attributed to the Geiselmord, even if the concrete evaluations sometimes diverge.In order to answer the question, the political development of the strengthening of conservative nationalist and radical right-wing groups and politics in Bavaria is first outlined. Then the actual historical event, the execution of ten prisoners in the Luitpoldgymnasium, will be reconstructed and this will then be contrasted with a selection of contemporary accounts of the Geiselmord by official bodies and in the press, whereupon the question of the political and social significance of this narrative will be examined. Finally, the results of this investigation and an outlook are summarized in the conclusion.

Based on the synthesis of archival and little-known published sources the history of the Society for the Study of the Crimea - one of the most authoritative scientific public organizations Crimean studies 20s - early 30s of XX century is recreated. The contribution of society members to the development of historical and local history research is described. For historians, historians of science, historiographers, bibliographers, Crimean historians.

Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2022 im Fachbereich Geschichte Deutschlands - Nationalsozialismus, Zweiter Weltkrieg, Note: 1,7, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg (Zentrum für Europäische Kulturwissenschaften), Veranstaltung: NS Prozesse, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Das NS-Regime wurde durch zahlreiche Gräueltaten geprägt. Doch wie konnten NS-TäterInnen die Taten vor sich selbst rechtfertigen. Diese Frage nach der Schuldabwehr soll in dieser Arbeit am Beispiel des Militärhistorikers, Rektors der Uni Heidelberg und badischen Kultusministers Paul Schmitthenner erörtert werden.

Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2020 im Fachbereich Geschichte Europas - Mittelalter, Frühe Neuzeit, Note: 1,7, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg (Institut für Geschichte), Veranstaltung: Seminar: Stiften und Schenken, Plündern und Beschlagnahmen. Wirtschaften im Mittelalter jenseits des Marktes, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Sklaverei ist im Mittelalter keine Seltenheit. In jedem Geschichtsbuch wird von ihr geschrieben und es gibt wohl auch keine Nation, die früher keine Sklaven besessen hat. Doch trotzdem ist es noch heute ein stark diskutiertes Thema, in dem viele Historiker ihre unterschiedlichsten Meinungen äußern. Allerdings wird sich nicht mehr haargenau klären können, wie genau die Sklaverei ausgesehen hat und wie diese sich in der Zeit verändert hat. Es lassen sich jedoch durch schriftliche Quellen viele ungeklärte Fragen beantworten. Auch die Sklaverei im Karolingerreich löst heute noch viele Diskussionen aus, vor allem zu der Frage, ob man ab dem Mittelalter überhaupt noch von Sklaven oder doch eher von Leibeigenen reden kann. Dies wird eine der Fragen sein, die in dieser Hausarbeit geklärt werden sollen. Doch was ist eigentlich der Unterschied zwischen Sklaverei und Leibeigenschaft? Wie sieht das Leben der Unfreien im Karolingerreich aus und wofür werden sie überhaupt gebraucht? Welche Auswirkungen hat die Sklaverei auf den Versklavten und gibt es eine Möglichkeit für ihn aus der Unfreiheit herauszukommen?

Academic Paper from the year 2022 in the subject History - Africa, , language: English, abstract: This paper tries to show the socio-economic origins of neocolonialism and the African States' response since 1960. This research employs a qualitative study based on a careful examination of books, pertinent published journal articles, and other works that have been consulted, cross-checked, and reinterpreted. The outcome demonstrates that, since the 1960s, former colonial powers have sought to maintain their former position of agricultural product and raw material attachment with newly independent African states. Finally, some African state leaders, such as Nkrumah, Nyerere, Milton Obote, and others, provided an exemplary response to the expansion of neocolonialist powers in Africa by focusing on a thorough explanation of dependency theory and advising African leaders to fight neocolonialists in the economic sphere, and they began cooperation by holding conferences and signing an agreement to combat neocolonialism.