Bøger om Subsaharisk Afrika

"This is a very important and remarkable book. It recounts vividly, in an intense and almost cinematic manner, an unique story of which only some elements are known with certainty. From 1312 to 1337, a young African ruler, the King of Mali ruled over a massive territory, stretching across two thousand miles, stretching from the Atlantic Ocean to Lake Chad. His state prospered and it is estimated that he was the wealthiest man in the world, even by today's standards. In 1324-1325, he undertook a pilgrimage to Mecca with a mas-sive retinue of twelve thousand men. The voyage, at that time, was without precedent--crossing the deserts of the Sahara all the way to Arabia, a distance of some four thousand kilo-metres. His intent was to bring the very best of the Arabic world, scholars, government bureaucrats, architects, educators, commercial knowhow, poets, artisans to his massive kingdom. Effectively, he was to transform his kingdom so as to become a leading force in the world at that time. He succeeded, indeed, and his pilgrimage brought his Malian kingdom to the attention of Europe. For the next two centuries, Italian, German and Spanish cartographers produced new maps of the world showing the vital routes which connected Africa to Arabia. Jean-Louis Roy recreates this astonishing voyage. It is an ambitious but genuine travelogue and details for us the available knowledge of the world at that time, both sacred and profane. Through this narrative, the author fills in a large void in our understanding of the history of Africa and the Arab world in the fourteenth century."--

Comprehensively surveys Ethiopia and Eritrea's rich and dynamic tradition of historical writing, from the ancient Aksumite era to the present day.

"The Man of Many Faces" is a revelation! Finally here is the most comprehensive and objective critiqueof the Nuwaubian movement, detailing the life and teachings of the man at the helm, Malachi Z. York.What this book does above all, is allow the reader to go on a journey through his life, examining in detailhis philosophies and actions, enabling both supporters and detractors to arrive at their own conclusions. Available now, the most 'Groundbreaking' and thoroughly accurate investigation into the history of Dr. Malachi. Z. York & The Nuwaubian Nation of Moors, ever undertaken. African Journalists; Yovan Christenson & Olu Femi Olatula, have conducted almost 10 years of exhaustive research into the history and inner workings of the Nuwaubians and their Enigmatic leader Malachi York.Now for the first time, this book unveils the entire truth behind the man known by many names, and his extraordinary Movement, with over 500 pages of detailed Facts, Photographs, Illustrations & Diagrams.

This volume chronicles the volatile history of the resurgence of South Africa, once an international pariah, as a respected and influential African state.

'Ever since I was a child I loved to dance. I had it in me - and when you dance the whole day and you've got music, it doesn't feel like work. It's freedom. It's love. It's therapy.'Before taking Strictly Come Dancing by storm, Motsi Mabuse worked her way up to becoming one of the top professional dancers worldwide and was crowned the Latin dance champion. From the moment she fell in love with the glitterball world as a young child watching a dance tournament, she knew that dancing was her destiny. However, it wasn't always an easy path. Motsi takes us back to her youth growing up in apartheid-era South Africa, where she experienced exclusion and discrimination. She raised the money herself to compete in international competitions, eventually uprooting her life to be with her dance partner in Germany. Through it all, Motsi never let anything hold her back from fulfilling her dreams, showing the determination, hard work and resilience it took to get to where she is today. In Finding My Own Rhythm, Motsi leads us in to the rhinestone-studded world of dance, through the ups and downs, romances and heartbreaks, the obstacles and adversity, and the long hours and triumphs that made it all worth it, all while staying true to herself and moving to the beat of her own rhythm.

Essay from the year 2016 in the subject African Studies - Culture and Applied Geography, grade: 80%, , language: English, abstract: The historical dispossession of ¿native¿ land dates back to the colonial era and was reinforced and exacerbated by the apartheid Natives Land Act of 1913. The enactment of this Act saw the unequitable redistribution of land with black people only being afforded 7% of arable land. More significantly, the Act facilitated the creation of enclaves for the Black majority with the restriction on land ownership and socio-economic mobility (South African History Online, 2013). Hence, the democratic government from the year 1994 was faced with the monumental task of redressing this imbalance in land ownership and ensuring that the previously disadvantaged do not continue to be discriminated against with regards of land tenure in the country. However, land tenure reform for communal land has been marred with disputes pertaining to African tenure systems versus those influenced by colonial structures. In this regard, this paper seeks to highlight the need to decolonise communal land tenure reform for the improved implementation of rural development plans.

Essay from the year 2016 in the subject Geography / Earth Science - Demographics, Urban Management, Planning, grade: 80%, , course: Planning Design, language: English, abstract: Metropolitising as a deliberate process of creating a metropolitan space from a nonmetropolitan city, town or even peri-urban space is often viewed as politically driven. In the global south, metropolitan cities are recipients of significantly larger spending budgets and metropolitan councils can thus wield more political power in the form of monetary power. In South Africa, the development trajectory of cities stems from political ideologies and policies of the political party with an outright majority. In this regard, metropolitising or the mere development of any area within the jurisdiction of a municipality is a political process. Similarly, regionalism is a political process that seeks to wield the most financial power through the amalgamation of different economic powerhouses to form a single economic, spatial and political superpower. In addition to the current politicising of metropolitan city development, historically, apartheid spatial planning was a political system of social engineering based on spatial segregation. The resultant space economy is that of heterogeneity and unequal benefaction from development processes. This spatial differentiation, including the complexities pertaining to economic and institutional systems, further complicates the process of metropolitising in South African cities. In this regard, this essay will critique the efforts of Sedibeng District Municipality in its metropolitising bid through examining its proposed scalar economic rescaling plans for the Vaal River City, while proposing institutional reforms that could aid its ambitions. The second section of this paper will highlight the limitations that hinder smaller cities¿ and towns¿ efforts to becoming metropolitan cities. These limitations stem from an unequal space economy that reproduces itself through ineffective policies and neoliberalisation of urban governance structures and systems.

Etude Scientifique de l¿année 2020 dans le domaine Politique - Politique internationale - Sujet: Relations internationales, note: manque, Université de Yaoundé I, langue: Français, résumé: Habituée à des turbulences sociopolitiques et des conflits armés, l¿Afrique centrale connait par ce fait, des mouvements migratoires incessants de ces populations. Le Cameroun et la République Centrafricaine, deux Etats limitrophes de cette sphère continentale, connaissent un afflux massif de populations le long de leur frontière commune. Dans ce conglomérat de populations figure des Centrafricains, des Tchadiens, des Congolais mais aussi des Camerounais fuyant les affres de l¿instabilité centrafricaine. Au regard de leurs implications à diverses activités criminelles frontalières, la présente réflexion, Adossée sur une approche transnationaliste, vise à démontrer en idée maitresse, que le retour massif de ces migrants camerounais participe à l¿expansion des crises sécuritaires le long de cette frontière.

Case Study from the year 2018 in the subject African Studies - Linguistics, , language: English, abstract: The paper intends to evaluate the contribution of Kiswahili in the implementation of Mother Tongue Policy in teaching of language in Lower primary. The paper examines language policy documents on the place of Mother Tongue and Kiswahili and noting that Kiswahili has enhanced the teaching and learning of Mother Tongue in the area. The study was guided by the following objectives; to identify the school languages policy pursued by schools in Kilifi County and to determine the challenges faced in the implementation of Mother Tongue policy. Purposive data for the study has been collected from the informants where focus group discussions and interview schedules were administered. The paper concludes that Kenyans need to participate in the promotion of Kiswahili if it is to contribute effectively to the teaching and learning of Mother Tongue.

Academic Paper from the year 2013 in the subject Communications - Media Economics, Media Management, grade: B (60), , language: English, abstract: Over the years, the advent of Information Communication Technologies has brought remarkable changes to the way people live their live and do businesses today. Most sectors of our economy both nationally and globally are fast adopting the use of Information and Communication Technologies to advance the course of their duties; to enhance quality customers¿ service delivery and internal operations. This has brought about remarkable development in these sectors of our economy. Most specifically to the context of this work, the banking industry in Nigeria has undergone remarkable development strides in the bid to improve on the quality of service rendered to its customers and to enhance the profitability of its internal operation.

Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2018 im Fachbereich Politik - Thema: Frieden und Konflikte, Sicherheit, Note: 1, Philipps-Universität Marburg (Zentrum für Konfliktforschung), Veranstaltung: Einführung interkulturelle Mediation und Konfliktbearbeitung, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: In dieser Arbeit soll zunächst der politische Rahmen, in dem dies geschieht, näher betrachtet werden. Die Verschmelzung von facilitativer (in Deutschland vorrangig angewendeter) Mediation und Wise Counsel Mediation geschieht im Rahmen von Friedensmediation und Mediation Support, welche die deutsche Entwicklungszusammenarbeit Ländern des globalen Südens anbietet. Nach einer kurzen Einführung in dieses Feld werden die beiden Mediationsansätze näher betrachtet, dabei wird auf Besonderheiten, Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede beider Modellen eingegangen. In einem weiteren Kapitel sollen in einem ersten Schritt die Herausforderungen der Verschmelzung beider Mediationsansätze auf einer Mikroebene betrachtet werden, bevor das Projekt in seinem größeren Kontext einer Kritik unterzogen wird. Im Fazit wird ein kurzer Ausblick über aktuelle Tätigkeiten und die Zukunft des Mediation Support Deutschlands in Ländern des Globalen Südens gegeben.

Academic Paper from the year 2016 in the subject Didactics - Social Studies/ Civics, grade: A, Raya University (Raya university), course: Ethiopian Women history, language: English, abstract: The study is configured to explore how women¿s in Amigna and Robe woredas of Arsi zone of Oromia national regional state are using their rights in terms of land use rights in the area. The Oromia National Regional State Rural Land Administration and Use Proclamation and its implementation procedure are examined from a gender perspective in terms of ensuring rural women¿s landholding rights. This study forwards the recommendation to address gender gaps identified to ensure women¿s equal access to and control over land in the study area.The study is organized into four Chapters. The first chapter deals with research methodologies, statement of the problem, objective of the study, significance of the study, Limitation of the study, scope of the study and the literature review. The second chapter discusses the general background information regarding women's land use rights more broadly. The third chapter focuses on the challenges hindering women not to practice their land-use rights properly in both Amigna and the Robe districts of East Arsi zone. Finally, Conclusions, Recommendations, and References were are drwan in a last chapter.

Learn Shona with this complete course, now with free audio download!Spoken by over 10 million people worldwide, Shona (also known as ChiShona) is an official language of Zimbabwe. It is also spoken in Mozambique, Malawi, and Zambia. It is one of the most widely spoken Bantu languages and its writing system was codified during the early 20th century.Ideal for those new to Shona, learning at home or in the classroom, Beginner's Shona (ChiShona) with Online Audio includes: An introductory section on the geography, climate, economy, arts, culture and history of Zimbabwe, including an extensive section on "Everyday Life" that will be useful to visitorsTwelve carefully-paced units, each one opening with a dialogue about an everyday topic followed by vocabulary, expressions, grammar lessons, and exercises Answer key to the exercises Shona-English glossaryOnline MP3 audio files for free download featuring pronunciation by native speakers

Essay from the year 2019 in the subject History - Africa, grade: 5.0, Mount Kenya University, language: English, abstract: This essay focuses on the United Nations¿ and the world¿s greatest powers¿ role during the Rwandian civil war and genocide in 1994.In 1994 Rwanda was involved in a civil war between its two major ethnic groups, Hutu and Tutsi. The civil war results in a genocide where 800,000 people were killed within 100 days. United Nations and world superpowers are primarily blamed for not doing enough to prevent the genocide from occurring. In this research, the author answers the question where the UN failed in preventing the Rwandan civil war as well as genocide in 1994. The study demonstrates that the UN failed in its mandate of stopping the genocide. Most of the United Nations member¿s states failed to show their responsibility and preparedness to send material or troop to the genocide. Also, the research shows that the peacekeeping mission sent to Rwanda was ill-prepared and lacked the appropriate commanding structure to effectively respond to the killings that were taking place in the country. Thus, the genocide that occurred in Rwanda in 1994 can squarely be blamed on failures of the UN to prevent and respond to the civil war effectively.The genocide in Rwanda is perhaps one of the most intensive killing campaigns to take place in human history after the Second World War. The Rwanda genocide came as a result of ethnic division which was not a feature of Rwandan society before the establishment of colonial rule. Initially, Rwanda was colonized by Germans, but it was taken over by Belgium which came up with the divide and rule policy to control Rwanda.

Academic Paper from the year 2009 in the subject Politics - International Politics - Region: Africa, , language: English, abstract: The article speaks about how the historical antecedents of students¿ activism from early times to the end of the 19th century was quite fascinating globally and how students in Nigeria stood to their historical responsibility to resist oppression, misrule and bad governance. It elicit the need for the students world over to globally unite and challenge fundamental global issues, such issues include stopping global warming, eradicating international trafficking in people, promoting democracy and good governance, among others.

Academic Paper from the year 2019 in the subject Politics - Topic: Peace and Conflict, Security, Haramaya University, language: English, abstract: This paper attempts to see the need for peace building and reconciliation in post-TPLF Ethiopia. It employed qualitative research approach. It draws heavily on secondary sources, including books, journals, researches and reports of various institutions. The facts collected are analyzed thematically, trans-active approach as alternative explanations. Ethiopia needs a peace-building rule to improve coordination and effectiveness of its interventions in promoting peace and human security. The constitution, sectoral policy pronouncements, international conventions and policy frameworks which the country has ratified, contain bits and pieces of policy pronouncements on peace-building.In most post-conflict situations, there are major divisions throughout impacted societies, manifested in ethnic, political, economic, social, and religious rifts. The consequent psycho-social impacts that invariably result from protracted civil divergences are often more harmful than the physical damage shaped by the conflicts itself. Conflict is pervasive in every society, so the term post-conflict in this instance indicates the period after a formal dictatorial party in coalition is fired out by long-term protest. The high-profile reconciliation initiatives with which we are familiar tend to be national-level, top-down approaches: truth commissions, legal processes and reform, national reparation programs, public apologies, etc. These initiatives can only take place once there is a recognized state-wide system of governance with sufficiently broad legitimacy that such initiatives can be carried out under its auspices. In conclusion for reconciliation activities to have any meaning, structural issues leading to conflict must also be addressed. There must be a harmonization of objectives between economic, political and psycho-social interventions. Peace building is increasingly institutionalized across the international landscape.

Transcending pain, fear, victimhood and limitation become possible when unfulfilled dreams are non-optional. Living in captivity is not a situational state in as much as a level of consciousness which only a higher way of thinking can unlock.Forgiveness and Release create the pathway to Authentic Power and Miracles.

Research Paper (undergraduate) from the year 2018 in the subject Theology - Comparative Religion Studies, , course: BIBLICAL STUDIES AND THEOLOGY, language: English, abstract: This paper will address the issue and give the warning about the end result of the act of Belshazzar as a case study for the government leaders in Nigeria if they fail to turn from their self centeredness. Before proceeding in analyzing the crux of this research paper, this research is set to write about the book that carries the record of the events which is the template for this work. The book of Daniel is classified under the Major Prophets in the biblical arrangements according to the canon and this is because of the events recorded in the book which comprise of the future events that would take place at the end of the world and even at the end of the exilic ¿tour¿ of the Israelites.

Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2018 im Fachbereich Politik - Internationale Politik - Region: Afrika, Note: 2,0, FernUniversität Hagen, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: ¿Demokratie ist wie Sex. Ist sie gut, ist sie sehr gut. Ist sie nicht so gut, ist sie immer noch ganz gut¿: Mitte der 1960er Jahre war für US-Wirtschaftswissenschaftler John Kenneth Galbraith die Welt klar differenziert. Auf der einen Seite die westlichen Demokratien, auf der anderen Seite die Autokratien. In seinen Augen schien jeder Versuch einer Demokratie ein bisschen besser als das generelle Nichtvorhandensein. Im zwanzigsten Jahrhundert bezeichneten sich immer mehr Staaten der Welt als Demokratie. Doch anstatt strikt dem westlichen Demokratiemodell zu folgen, entwickelte sich eine Vielzahl von sogenannten ¿Grauzonen-Regimen¿ (Croissant, 2010). In der Fachliteratur als ¿Demokratien mit Adjektiven¿ oder ¿hybride Regime¿ (Zimmermann, 2004) bezeichnet, wurde schnell die Notwendigkeit einer neuen Begrifflichkeit deutlich. Auch Nigeria wird 2019 auf 20 Jahre Demokratie zurückblicken können: Nach langer Militärherrschaft wurde das Land 1999 demokratisch. Politische Reformen, wie zum Beispiel Maßnahmen zur Korruptionsbekämpfung, ließen hoffen ¿ die Medien titulierten es als ¿größte Demokratie Afrikas¿ (Grill, 2015). Doch noch immer steht das Land vor großen Problemen: Wahlen finden zwar statt, scheinen jedoch von Betrug und Manipulation gekennzeichnet, die Terrorgruppe Boko Haram sorgt für Unruhen und zahlreiche Menschenrechtsverletzungen füllen immer wieder die Schlagzeilen. Final soll folgende Fragestellung beantwortet werden können: Ist Nigeria nach derzeitigem Stand eine defekte Demokratie? Besonders berücksichtigt werden soll hierbei, welche Kriterien der Demokratie genau verletzt werden.

Polemic Paper from the year 2019 in the subject Didactics - Politics, Political Education, grade: 1, , course: Military Science, language: English, abstract: The current insecurity and killing of Nigerians within Nigeria is unacceptable. Our country presided over by a retired army general Muhammadu Buhari has become so unsafe that one begin to wonder what would have happened if there was war with other countries. The situation has been worsened by hunger and poverty despite our huge natural resources. Sadly, Nigeria has been judged as the poverty capital of the world with over 80 million persons living in extreme poverty. The World bank has predicted that by 2021 Nigeria will become the country with the highest number of children that die before the age of five. In the midst of these anomalies, the same politicians that have looted our treasury continue to re-invest their loot as a way of re-cycling their evil leadership and expanding their business empires. This will further impoverish my people. We must stop them!

Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2013 im Fachbereich Geowissenschaften / Geographie - Regionalgeographie, Note: 1,0, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn (Geographisches Institut), Veranstaltung: Gewalt und Raum: Aktuelle Themen und Konzepte der geographischen Konfliktforschung, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Blutdiamanten finanzierten seit den 1990er Jahren eine Vielzahl von Bürgerkriegen in Afrika. Im Jahr 2000 trafen sich die Vertreter von Nichtregierungsorganisationen (NGOs) und der Diamantenindustrie, sowie Vertreter von diamantenproduzierenden Staaten als gleichberechtigte Akteure in der südafrikanischen Stadt Kimberley, um sich der Problematik der Blutdiamanten anzunehmen und um potentielle Lösungsansätze zu beratschlagen. Die Zusammensetzung von diesen drei unterschiedlichen Akteuren hatte es zu vor noch nie gegeben. Drei Jahre später resultierte daraus das sogenannte Kimberley Prozess Certificate Scheme (KPCS), welche das erste Zertifizierungsschema für Rohdiamanten darstellt. Diese Hausarbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Frage, ob durch die Zertifizierung von Rohdiamanten der Handel mit Blutdiamanten erfolgreich eingedämmt werden konnte, sodass die Finanzierung von Bürgerkriegen durch Blutdiamanten, beziehungsweise die finanzielle Bereicherung bestimmter Gruppen, nicht mehr möglich ist. Weiter stellt sich die Frage, ob das Kimberley Abkommen auch positiven Einfluss auf die meist menschenunwürdigen Arbeitsbedingungen, somit auf die Einhaltung der Menschenrechte, hat. Um diese Leitfragen zu untersuchen werden zunächst einige Ursachen für die Konflikte in Afrika dargestellt und der Begriff des Blutdiamanten in diesen Zusammenhang eingeordnet und definiert. Darauf aufbauend werden der Hintergrund und die Entstehung des Kimberley Prozesses dargelegt. Die Organisationsstruktur und die Funktionsstruktur des Abkommens sollen erläutert und die Wirksamkeit beurteilt werden. Daran anschließend soll nun untersucht werden, ob den Kritiken und Vorwürfen verschiedener NGOs Rechnung getragen werden kann. Die entscheidenden Kritikpunkt, die meist von den am Prozess beteiligten NGOs Partnership Africa Canada (PAC), der britischen Organisation Global Witness, sowie der deutsche Organisation Medico International kommen, sollen aufgezeigt werden. Als kurzes Fallbeispiel soll danach knapp die Lage in Simbabwe dargelegt werden. Daraus soll resultierend festgestellt werden, in wie weit die Kritik am KP gerechtfertigt ist und welche Schwächen der Kimberley Prozess zehn Jahre nach seinem Inkrafttreten aufweist. Des Weiteren soll daraus hervorgehen, ob die Zertifizierung von Rohdiamanten alleine ausreicht, um die Ressourcenflüsse zu unterbinden und die Arbeit der Minenarbeiter grundlegend zu verändern.

Essay from the year 2018 in the subject Theology - Miscellaneous, , language: English, abstract: This work is on the effects of religious pluralism on the Ghanaian society. It seeks to discuss how religious pluralism has affected the people of Ghana. It is realized that the lifestyle of the people of Ghana is characterized by the recognition for the religious other. Recognition for and tolerance of other religions is found to be evident in almost all the aspects of the life of the people. The impact of the system of religious tolerance and cooperation on the people has been positive and negative. Thus, religious pluralism has been a mixed blessing to Ghanaians.