Bøger om Tidlige 20. århundrede

On 14 October each year, a White Ensign is placed on the stern of an upturned warship by Royal Navy divers. This act commemorates the 835 men of HMS Royal Oak who died in 1939 when the battleship was sunk at anchor in Scapa Flow by the German U-boat U-47.The sinking of the veteran First World War Revenge-class Royal Oak shocked not only the Admiralty, but the whole nation. Though Scapa Flow was far from being impregnable as a base for the Royal Navy's Home Fleet, it was surrounded by a ring of islands separated by shallow channels subject to fast-racing tides. While it was recognized that it was not impervious to enemy submarines, measures had been put in place to minimize any such threat. Blockships had been sunk at potentially vulnerable points and anti-submarine booms deployed across the wider channels. The outbreak of war in September 1939 saw additional anti-submarine measures put in hand.Despite these increased precautions, German aerial reconnaissance had spotted weaknesses which were exploited on the night of 13/14 October 1939, by Kapitänleutnant Günther Prien in U-47. The German submarine was able to slip into Scapa Flow undetected and fire three torpedoes towards Royal Oak. Only one torpedo found its mark. A second salvo was fired and this time all three hit the battleship, igniting a magazine causing massive damage. Within thirteen minutes, HMS Royal Oak had turned over and sank.In Faces of HMS Royal Oak, Dilip Sarkar not only reveals the tragic and moving stories of many of those who died, but also some of the 399 who survived the sinking of the first Royal Navy battleship lost in the Second World War.Through their photographs, and in some cases words, the horrors of those fateful few minutes as Royal Oak rolled and slid into the cold, dark waters of Scapa Flow, are relived in startling clarity.

The stories of two German soldiers who took part in the battles for Festung Posen (Poznań Fortress) in January and February 1945.Facing the Red Army in Festung Posen features the stories of two German soldiers who took part in the battles for Festung Posen (Poznań Fortress) in January and February 1945.Never before published in English, the accounts of Hans Klapa, written immediately after the war (1946) and Alfred Kriehn, a little later (early 1990s) provide details relating to the course of the battle, as well as the armaments of the German garrison, its morale and even first-hand descriptions of individual actions during bloody street fighting.Although describing the same battle, both memoirs are completely different as they represent different branches of the armed forces and each takes place in different parts of the city. While Hans Klapa fought only in the eastern part, Alfred Kriehn describes the fighting on the western side.However, what separates the two accounts the most is the fate of both heroes immediately after the battle, with Klapa describing his epic, months-long struggle with his comrades not to fall into the hands of the enemy and to avoid being taken prisoner by the Soviets at any cost.

Enemy Sighted is the story of the world's first integrated air defense system and how the coalition of Hurricanes and Spitfires, Fighter Command's Operations Rooms and Sector Stations, Radar Stations, Observer Corps posts, anti-aircraft gun and searchlight batteries, and balloon barrages, stood resolutely in the way of Operation Seelöwe, Hitler's plan for invading Britain in the Summer of 1940.Dilip Amin provides a fascinating insight into their development and eventual operationalization. The system provided a recognized air picture, giving everyone the same information at the same time, much like computers linked through the internet do today, except, in 1939 there was no computer and there was no internet!Fundamental to its telling is the 11 Group Operations Room, today referred to as the Battle of Britain Bunker, and the people who worked there, deep below RAF Uxbridge. It was after visiting the Bunker that Churchill first uttered the immortal words, 'Never in the field of human conflict was so much owed by so many to so few'.Hidden underground, with its large map table and squadron display boards, and balloon and weather states, it is preserved as it was on 15 September 1940, the date celebrated as Battle of Britain Day. Dilip Amin describes how the Bunker operated, transporting the reader back to the time of the Battle of France and the final evacuation from Dunkirk. He guides the reader through the Battle of Britain, examining in detail, the events of 15 September, as seen by those in the Bunker and the combat reports of those flying the Hurricanes and Spitfires on that tumultuous day.Finally, the book provides an insight into how the Bunker operated to protect Britain during the Blitz; support the exploratory raid on Dieppe; shield the troops landing in Normandy; and defend against Hitler's V1 and V2 Vengeance Weapons. Enemy Sighted provides a compelling insight into the remarkable history of a secret Operations Room, that was pivotal within a world leading air defense system, and without which, an Allied victory in the Second World War would have been far from certain.

"A very nice reference book that contains a well written informative text, many subject specific photographs, well detailed captions and more, all detailing the liberation of the Nazi concentration camps by allied forces during World War II." --ArmoramaAs the Allies closed in on Hitler's Germany the horror and scale of the Final Solution and concentration camps became all too apparent. This latest Images of War book provides the reader a truly disturbing insight into the Nazi's brutal regime of wholesale murder, torture and starvation.While the Germans attempted to hide the evidence by demolishing much of the camps' infrastructure, the pace of the Soviets' advance through Poland meant that the gas chambers at Majdenak near Lublin were captured intact.Auschwitz had received over a million deportees yet when liberated in January 1945 only a few thousand prisoners were there as the vast majority of surviving prisoners had been sent on forced death marches to more westerly camps such as Ravensbruch and Buchenwald. Condition in these camps deteriorated further due to overcrowding and the spread of deadly diseases.In every camp shocking scenes of death and starvation were encountered. When British troops reached Bergen-Belsen in April 1945, there were some 10,000 unburied dead in addition to the mass graves, in addition to 60,000 starving and sick inmates in utterly appalling conditions.The words and images in this disturbing book are a timely reminder of man's inhumanity to his fellows and that such behavior should never be repeated.

Between the Oder and the Elbe, the first of two volumes exploring the Battle for Berlin, examines the last months of the Third Reich and the defense of Berlin. It describes in detail the German attempts to stem the Soviet tide at the Oder River and the Russian drive on Germany's capital and Hitler's increasingly frantic and delusional efforts to halt the onslaught of the Red Army. Streams of German soldiers and civilians desperately tried to flee the city before it was surrounded. Their fate if captured by the Russians was too horrible to imagine.This account mixes the descriptions of the overall military situation with many personal accounts of small unit actions. The desperation, fear and resolve of the soldiers often turned to admirable feats of bravery as well as acts of cowardice and brutality. Hope for a last minute alliance with the Western Powers encouraged the Germans to defend to the limit of human endurance. Ultimately, the dashing of such an alliance and the possibility of capture by the Soviets drove many soldiers and civilians to suicide. The reader has the opportunity here to relive the last days of the Third Reich, as seen through the eyes of the German soldiers and the foreign volunteers who fought before and in Berlin. In one of the ironic incidents of the war, as German soldiers were trying to bypass Berlin to the north, a force of French Waffen-SS troops was trying to enter the city to defend it!

"Serpents of War is an abridged edition of a nearly 200,000-word World War I memoir by Pennsylvanian Major Harry Dravo Parkin: Memoirs of World War I, being an account of the experiences of an American Officer wounded and captured by the Germans. The original memoir resides in Gettysburg College's Musselman Library. Offering the perspective of a mid-level officer responsible for the lives and welfare of over a thousand men, Parkin conveys the stress of command at a time when one innocent blunder could cost an officer his combat assignment, brings the inferno of the Meuse-Argonne Offensive to life in terrifying, gory detail, and recounts an experience undergone by very few American soldiers in 1918-that of being taken prisoner (while wounded no less) by the Imperial German Army. This is a book by a brave soldier, a recipient of the Distinguished Service Cross for his heroism on the battlefield, who was also a gifted writer. Parkin's narrative seldom strains for effect. Its prose is unassuming and workmanlike. Nevertheless, readers of Serpents of War will likely agree that Parkin possessed of a strong sense of setting, a knack for capturing the chaos and strange exhilaration of battle, and a sharp eye for the interpersonal, social dynamics of military life-the personality clashes and simmering feuds, as well as the moments of comradeship and accord. There is no other American World War I memoir quite like it"--

During World War Two, in the concentration camp Terezin, a group of Jewish children and their devoted teacher planted and nurtured a smuggled-in sapling. Over time fewer and fewer children were left to care for the little tree, but those who remained kept lovingly sharing their water with it. When the war finally ended and the prisoners were freed, the sapling had grown into a strong five-foot-tall maple. Nearly eighty years later the tree's 600 descendants around the world are thriving, including one that was planted at New York City's Museum of Jewish Heritage in 2021. Students will continue to care for it for generations to come, and the world will remember the brave teacher and children who never gave up nurturing a brighter future.

By bringing to life the cultural imaginaries and practices of the past, Fascism, the War, and Structures of Feeling in Italy, 1943-1945 raises ostensibly intractable questions on the epochal impact of what often appears as inconsequential: the typically unseen and seemingly banal power of everyday experiences.

This book, first published in 1986, argues that although Lend-Lease solved Britain's wartime supply problems, the price was the acceptance of a series of burdens that seriously aggravated the country's long-term economic decline.

The aim of this book is to analyse and understand the causes of Cameroon's economic dependence, which we look for in the colonial and post-colonial discourse of France as well as in the discourse of independent Cameroon. We attempt to reconstruct the will to create Cameroon's economic dependence on France through foreign trade, the basis of Cameroon's colonial economic system. The main issues revolve around the difficulties of a real development of the country, leading to the development of a cash crop agriculture weakened by the deterioration of the terms of trade. The debate on the industrialisation of Africa, thanks to French aid, shows the economic dependence of overseas France. Thus, the analysis of the impact of production relations on the economic dependence of Cameroon and the anomalies of African economies allows us to realise that, going beyond the 'metropolis-formerly mandated territory' divide, the economic framework of the development of Cameroon's foreign trade extends towards the institutionalisation of multilateralism and the levers of Euro-Cameroonian cooperation.

En historisk roman, som är verklighetsbaserad, som utspelar sig från första världskriget till sjuttiotalet i Kuusamo, en stad vid gränsen till Ryssland. Aina kämpar med att driva en gård och samtidigt ta hand om sin invalidiserade man och sex barn. Mandi lämnas med femton syskon när hennes föräldrar dör i tidiga ålder. En gemensam nämnare är deras styrka att hålla ihop familjen och om kampen att skapa en framtid för sina barn i ett oroligt Finland som lever i skuggan av Ryssland.

The Underground Archive is the first attempt to document the Shoah from the perspective of those affected and directly during the events.Before World War II, Poland was home to 3.3 million Jews, and Warsaw was the cultural, religious and political center of this diverse community. A year after the German war of aggression began, the Nazis forced the Jewish population into a sealed-off part of the city. The historian Emanuel Ringelblum then stimulated an unprecedented project: a group working in secret, documenting the daily life of the ghetto under the code name Oneg Shabbat (Joy of Shabbat). Cut off from the world, it collected and produced a wealth of material. With the beginning of the systematic murder of Polish Jews, they unwillingly became chroniclers of the Shoah, which they themselves, with few exceptions, did not survive. After the war, a large part of the archive, buried in tin crates and milk cans, was recovered from under the ruins of the ghetto. With its approximately 35,000 preserved pages, it is now a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The volume is published on the occasion of the exhibition of the same name, which the NS Documentation Center Munich will open in cooperation with the Jewish Historical Institute Warsaw in June 2023.

Eine »öffentliche Biographie« Arthur Schnitzlers im Spiegel der Zeit - in bislang unerforschten Interviews, Meinungen und Protesten.Arthur Schnitzler gab angeblich keine Interviews, vermied es, Umfragen zu beantworten und äußerte sich nicht öffentlich. Doch über 180 weitgehend vergessene, bislang unerforscht Texte widerlegen diese Behauptung und bieten ein neues Bild seiner öffentlichen Person. Die Interviews, Meinungsäußerungen und Leserbriefe belegen Schnitzlers Bedeutung als Leserbriefschreiber und Interviewpartner für seine Zeitgenossinnen und Zeitgenossen.Martin Anton Müllers Edition stellt eine »öffentliche Biografie« dar, die dokumentiert, was man schon zu Lebzeiten von der Privatperson Schnitzlers wissen konnte. Der ausführliche Kommentar erläutert Fakten und Hintergründe, das Register erleichtert den Zugang und das Nachwort bietet eine vorzügliche Überblicksdarstellung.Insgesamt ergibt sich aus dieser Edition ein überraschendes Bild des berühmten Autors Arthur Schnitzler, der entgegen seiner angeblichen Zurückhaltung, in der Öffentlichkeit ein engagierter und eloquenter Gesprächspartner und Schriftsteller war.

Die Forschung zur Weimarer Republik konzentriert sich vor allem auf die Städte, insbesondere Berlin; die Forschung zum Stifterwesen insbesondere auf das deutsche Kaiserreich. Das Werk behandelt einen beispiellosen Ausnahmefall jüdischen Mäzenatentums in der Zwischenkriegszeit auf dem Land. Der amerikanisch-jüdische Philanthrop James Loeb zog noch vor dem Ersten Weltkrieg auf einen Landsitz in Murnau im bayerischen Oberland. Während der Weimarer Republik finanzierte er u.a. das örtliche Kriegerdenkmal, eine gemeinnützige Baugenossenschaft, eine Mädchenschule, eine Wohltätigkeitsstiftung für Bedürftige, schließlich das örtliche Krankenhaus. Gleichzeitig entwickelte sich Murnau seit den frühen 1920er Jahren zu einer Hochburg des Nationalsozialismus, wo bereits (atypisch für Oberbayern) seit 1924 bei allen Reichs- und Landtagswahlen mehrheitlich völkisch bzw. nationalsozialistisch gewählt wurde. Das Buch blickt auf dieses Spannungsverhältnis zwischen Philanthropie und Rassenwahn.

Das Buch erzählt die Geschichte des deutschen Juristen Helmut Schneider (1910-1968). Der NS-Gegner wird leitender Mitarbeiter im Personalbereich der IG Farben, die 1941-1945 in unmittelbarer Nachbarschaft zum KZ Auschwitz mit Hilfe von Tausenden jüdischer Häftlinge und Zwangsarbeitern ein großes Chemiewerk aufbaute. Er ist in dieser Funktion ein indirekter Mitorganisator des Systems der Zwangsarbeit von KZ-Häftlingen und damit der "Vernichtung durch Arbeit" in diesem Lager. Zugleich wird er zum Beschützer einer großen Gruppe französischer Zwangsarbeiter, deren Aktivitäten für die Résistance er unterstützt und die er im Januar 1945 auf dem gefährlichen Marsch nach Westen begleitet. Das trägt ihm in Frankreich den Titel des "anti-nazi assesseur Schneider" ein. Mit den jungen Franzosen schließt er eine lebenslange Freundschaft, die u. a. zu einer deutsch-französischen Städtepartnerschaft führt. Nach seiner Zeugenaussage im Nürnberger Prozess gegen die IG Farben, einem langwierigen Entnazifizierungsverfahren und einem Strafprozess wird er 1949 Oberstadtdirektor von Goslar, Verfasser politisch-philosophischer Texte und Briefpartner und Freund von Ernst Jünger. Schneiders Biografie zeigt exemplarisch, wie sich in einem durch den Nationalsozialismus belasteten Leben Opposition, Mittäterschaft und Verdrängung miteinander verknüpften.

At the beginning of the 20th century, a group of artists around Henri Matisse and André Derain were carrying out revolutionary colour experiments. The art critic Louis Vauxcelles gave them their name in 1905: the "Fauves". Translated into English, this means something like "beasts" or "wild animals". This catalogue is being published for the first survey exhibition on the Fauves staged in Switzerland for decades. It presents the expressive painting style and unusual colour combinations employed by Matisse, Derain and their companions in the years 1904 to 1908, situating them in the aesthetic and socio-political debates of that time. The male connotation of the term Fauves already suggests the exclusion of women artists on a conceptual level. The exhibition and catalogue challenge this traditional view and draw attention to female protagonists on the Paris art scene. Richly illustrated and supplemented by new art-historical research contributions, the publication offers an insight into the diversity of the colourful painting by the "beasts". Fauvism - the first avantgarde movement of the 20th century Brilliant colour experiments in a break with academic conventions Exhibition: 02.09.2023-21.01.2024, Kunstmuseum Basel, New Building

Der radikale Zivilisationsbruch, die Zukunft und Verteidigung der Demokratie, der Kampf gegen Totalitarismus und Massenwahn, der Einsatz für Menschenrechte sowie das utopische Potential der Literatur beschäftigten den jüdischen, in die USA emigrierten Schriftsteller und Intellektuellen Hermann Broch (1886¿1951). Der Aktualität seines Denkens im Kontext einer interdisziplinären Friedens- und Demokratieforschung geht der vorliegende Band nach.

Today, technology invades man's life, often to the point of depriving him of happiness, which justifies the need of the 21st century man for a refuge where he can find his lost happiness. Among these writers, Michel Tournier in Vendredi ou les limbes du Pacifique pushes this fugitive man to an island where he not only finds life, but also begins the search for himself. Thus, as the story progresses, the physical journey takes on another form, that of the inner journey. At the same time, Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio treats the same theme in Désert from his own point of view. What attracts attention in these two works is the fact that the journey is first physical, before turning into an inner quest. Indeed, the characters leave their homes and it is through this physical displacement that their communication with the outside world evolves.

More Gentle Heroes by Gary Blackburn

This study examines the real Trapp family in Austria until 1939. Using scores of contemporaneous sources, this fully referenced book introduces Maria (von) Trapp's own, hitherto unknown, family: the Kutscheras, the Reiners (Rainers), and her foster family, the Kramers. Moreover, the first chapter critically analyzes Maria's tales about her childhood and youth up to her wedding with Georg (von) Trapp in 1927. The second chapter covers Georg, his family, his activities in war and business, as weil as the family choir started in 1934. Several misconceptions, from Georg having been a baron to his alleged anti-fascism, get corrected here, too. The third chapter overturns the central myth of the Trapp family story: there is no evidence that the Trapps ever received offers from the Nazis, or resisted them; on the contrary, Georg unsuccessfully tried to solicit business in Germany. Nor were the Trapps in danger of persecution, or "escaped" from Austria. Filled with details as well as context - and based on a very broad range of sources and literature - these three "notes" present a history of the Trapp family different from and much more reliable than anything available up to now, including the family members' memoirs.(But please note that this book is not about the adaptations of the family's stories, such as "The Sound of Music", nor does it contain illustrations.)

IN THE WORLD Some countries in Latin America and Africa, two centuries and fifty years after their independence respectively, have not yet managed to solve economic underdevelopment. This is in spite of the theories, models, economic solutions available or the abundant presence of scholars and experts in the field. Our research has uncovered the main phenomenon that has always prevented and complicated the sustainable resolution of problems in nations, while at the same time transmitting the problems from generation to generation. Our research has just discovered the main phenomenon that prevents even the great scholars and experts from discovering the root causes that produce most of the problem. Now with this discovery, the world will easily solve its public problems. The results of our research provide a new approach to sustainable problem solving. TO THE DRC The results of our research bring the only adequate solution that is missing not only today but since the time of Mobutu to solve durably the socio-political crisis of the DRC.

Jack Bewes' story of war is seen through the eyes of the mates who flew Lancasters together from England to Germany and France and saw their best friends killed. There was the mate they celebrated with at the pub or the dance who did not return for breakfast, the uncertainty about the mate who did not reply to the letters written to him.These carefree, fun-loving boys of about 22 used black humour and understatement to see them through their job of dropping bombs during the Second World War. They had to regard it as a job, a necessary one that involved the death of so many - enemies and friends.They came home as men - often misunderstood and labelled "war neurotics".Jack Bewes shows the human face of this war through his diaries, his logbooks and his social anecdotes, his humour, through newspaper clippings and photos.His daughter Lyn McGettigan honours and commemorates his service in this compilation of Jack's war-time papers.

Between 1954 and 1962, the Opal Coast sent thousands of its children to "maintain order" in Algeria. In a land largely unknown to the northernmost part of France, they discovered the horrors of a conflict that separated them from their families and friends and made them lose their jobs. Of these young people, 378 did not return. How did the inhabitants of the coastline live and feel this war on a daily basis? This is a history of the Opal Coast through its conscripts and their families, and also through the links forged with Algeria. More than 50 years later, it is still difficult to talk about the war.

Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2023 im Fachbereich Philosophie - Philosophie des 20. Jahrhunderts, Note: 2,0, , Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Kann es in abweichenden, illegalen und nicht standesgemäßen Verhalten, sogar positive Elemente geben? Was bedeutet dies nun für eine Organisation? Laut Niklas Luhmann gibt es im Hintergrund formeller Organisationen auch informelle Organisationen. Daher möchte ich mit Niklas Luhmann der Frage nachgehen, ob Illegalität benutzt wird und somit auf sein Konzept der "brauchbaren Illegalität" eingehen.Zu Beginn wird Luhmanns Systemtheorie anhand formaler Organisationen als Ausgangspunkt kurz vorgestellt und erläutert. Den wichtigsten Teil stellt dann die Interpretation der "brauchbaren Illegalität" dar. Im Fokus steht, was man aus dem Illegalen nutzen kann, wann es "nützlich" wird und welche Abläufe dahinter stecken. Wann ist Abweichung schädlich und wann ist sie vorteilhaft für die Organisation? Wer entscheidet darüber, und warum missachten Vorgesetzte Regeln und Normen und erklären sich? Unter welchen Umständen entsteht diese Illegalität überhaupt? Bevor die Arbeit schließlich mit einer Zusammenfassung abschließt, soll der Begriff der "brauchbaren Illegalität" auf ein praktisches Beispiel angewendet werden. Rückblickend hat vermutlich jeder oder jede einmal gegen etablierte Normen gehandelt, beispielsweise wenn er oder sie sich als Kind traute, einen Lutscher zu stehlen, in der Straßenbahn kein Ticket zu kaufen oder über eine rote Ampel gelaufen ist. Das sind natürlich "Kleinigkeiten", aber sie machen deutlich, dass Eskapismus ein Teil unseres Lebens ist. Werden nun Unternehmen, Institutionen, Verbänden, Behörden und einer Vielzahl weiterer Organisationsformen betrachtet, so kann festgestellt werden, dass diese durch zahlreiche Verordnungen, Richtlinien und einen hohen Formalisierungsgrad gekennzeichnet sind. Regeln, Vorschriften und Standards werden kodifiziert und es wird erhofft, dass das niemand diesen Normen abweicht. Ist es überhaupt möglich Abschweifungen zu verhindern? Noch wichtiger: Müssen alle informellen Dinge blockiert werden?