Bøger af Andreas Sofroniou

The Eastern Mediterranean island of Cyprus is probably one of the most ancient of civilised countries in the world, with a history of more than twelve thousand years of civilisation and human development.Yet, hardly ever was Cyprus completely liberated from the most ancient and historical empires of the Middle East and the European dynasties.From the ancient classical times, the Greeks settled in Cyprus and remained until the present times. Since Alexander the Great's occupation, the Ptolemaic period, Cleopatra's kingdom, and thereafter centuries long of Byzantine Hellenism, the Cypriots remained as Grecian as any other part of the prolonged Hellenic history.Otherwise, Empires such as the Hittites, Babylonians, Assyrians, Persians, Egyptians, Greeks, Phoenicians, Romans, Byzantines, Italian Kingdoms, French, Franks, Ottoman, British, and Turks, are just a few of the people who made Cyprus their own.

In reading through this book, the reader will find that through the centuries, philosophy as a subject contributed more than any other subject in the shaping of our lives, how we exist, behave and how we control our destiny.The content of this book will still be of importance to the reader and without any compromising, a training tool for the philosopher, psychologist. sociologist and behaviourist. There is no doubt that this subject is deep and vast. Backed by recent social events and political debating, philosophy in its plentiful branches can only be helpful in preparing people to obtain an acceptable style of living and a harmonious mode of interacting with society.Although this concept centres around the universal reason behind social events, the basic idea of reason behind human events works through the ideas held by an individual, until they are challenged by ideas which replace them and are challenged usually by conflict. So conflict (war), reasoned Hegel, is an instrument of progress.

Yusuf's Odyssey:From one range of mountains to the next hilly land, the adventures of a young man in the eastern-most of islands in the Mediterranean sea, a beautiful youth, willingly and against his wishes and by fate, he is thrown into the bitter conflicts of human races and their cultures. Bitter fights follow him, from one country to the other. His unexpected adventures continue as a modern-day slave in a male brothel in London. His many quests continue in unexpected places until his bravery lands him on his feet...

For us Cypriots poetry means the creation of anything, in this case structurally using words with specific meaning. The composition of poetry is, therefore, an art where words construct sentences, verses using metaphors and symbols, which in turn are based on imagination...A poem does not have to rhyme and yet it can be a stanza, a canto to a loved one, an ode to a hero, a sarcastic remark to emphasise the importance of a point made, an elegy composed to explain feelings arranged as a work of art.What prose can explain in three hundred pages, a poem (as a masterpiece) can express in one single page; with more meaning, using larger-than-life pictures describing timeless classic scenes, memorable events and bringing immortality to life itself.The poems included in this collection have endured time and kept the promise of including all that is described above. The subjects chosen, show such versatility that the reader will require time to read the elevated expression of thoughts and feelings.

Social sciences consist of branches pertaining to the study of human society and social relationships. The disciplines usually encompass: anthropology, demography, economics, geography, political science, psychology, sociology and philosophy.Frequently included are those areas of education that deal with the social contexts of learning and the relation of the school to the social order.History is regarded as a social science, and certain areas of historical study are almost indistinguishable from work done in the social sciences.The study of comparative law may also be regarded as a part of the social sciences, although it is ordinarily pursued in schools of law rather than in departments or schools containing most of the other social sciences.Change on different levels (social dynamics in everyday life, short-term transformations and long-term developments in society at large) has become the focus of attention.

Psychotherapist Donald Fortescue got more than he bargained when he decided to raise the orphaned golden eagle chick. Having rescued her from the hillside crack near his Wiltshire farm, he reluctantly found himself playing parent to the little eagle, which was always hungry and who was soon not so little anymore. Yet, before he knew it, the eaglet he named Chryso had won his heart.However, could she ever learn to fly free with others of her kind and hunt for her own survival?Kept in a corrugated box, fed with a pipette, the baby eagle soon grew to be a huge and beautiful bird. Nevertheless, without parents to teach her, how would Chryso learn to fly and to hunt? Having been raised by a human, could she ever survive in the wild on her own?In this account Donald Fortescue and his fine-feathered friend Chryso, set out to find the answers.

PSYCHOTHERAPY, CONCEPTS OF TREATMENTThe simplistic explanation of psychotherapy is that it deals with the treatment of disorders of emotion or personality by psychological methods. There are arguments about the effectiveness of psychotherapies, but it is generally agreed that success depends on a secure, confiding relationship between the therapist and patient and on a shared confidence in the capacity of the therapist and his or her theory to explain and eliminate the problem.In recent times psychotherapy gained recognition as a theory of and therapy for the mental disorders known as neuroses, and a general theory of personality and emotional development constructed by the many schools of behavioural sciences.Although the theories which psychotherapists follow are arguably the most inclusive in psychology, they still have fundamental conceptual weaknesses. Never-the-less, it is consider effective alongside the other forms of therapy, i.e. behavioural therapy, and treatments offered by psychiatry.

An instinct is the mechanism by which animals and humans can perform complex behaviour patterns without learning or conscious effort. Instinctive behaviours are inherited and have evolved to be adaptive, fitting the organism to its particular role.Instinct is of particular importance in animal behaviours such as courtship, mating, and other reproductive activities. More general behaviours such as feeding and defence may have an instinctive base. Many birds, some grasshoppers, frogs, and a number of other animals have song or call patterns that attract mates and are based upon instinct.Instinctive behaviours often require a stimulus or releaser to initiate them. The herring-gull chick pecks the red spot on the adult's bill, releasing its instinctive feeding behaviour. A releaser will operate only if conditions, both internal and external to the organism, are suitable.

FREE WILL, EXTISTENTIALISM, COMBATIBILISM:Free will is the philosophical aspect of freedom of humans where they have choices that are not determined by prior causes or by divine intervention. Thus 'condemned to be free' and to have a voluntary choice or decision as in 'I do this of my own free will'.Where as existentialism is a chiefly twentieth century philosophical movement embracing diverse doctrines but centring on analysis of individual existence in an unfathomable universe. Therefore the plight of the individual who must assume ultimate responsibility for acts of free will without any certain knowledge of what is right or wrong or good or bad.Compatibilists, by contrast, deny that this much is needed for free will. They hold instead that a person acts freely so long as he is not constrained by external forces, such as the will of another person.

The three terms 'Marxism', 'Socialism', and 'Communism' have different meanings and are often confused.While Marxism is a philosophical and scientific theory about the nature of social evolution, 'Communism' and' 'Socialism' are words which are usually employed to designate certain political policies. The relationship between these policies and Marxism is that they aim, in varying degrees, at achieving the ends which Marxism is believed to justify.The difference, between Communists and Socialists is that Socialists accept the principle of achieving their ends through the machinery of a free democracy while Communists accept this only in so far as it is inevitable, and are ready to resort to unconstitutional means to attain their ends when such methods appear likely to be more successful.Although these seem to be the ends of both Socialism and Communism, there is no ground for the belief that Marxism justifies these ends in a moral sense, i.e. shows that they ought to be pursued.

The importance of democracy as a system of government the reader must remember that this sovereignty rests with the whole people, who rule either directly or through representatives. In the contemporary world, democracy is closely associated with the idea of choosing governments by periodic free multiparty elections. The chief elements of representative democracy are: Freedom of speech and expression; Periodic free elections; the right to form competing parties to contest these elections; a government which is responsible to the legislature and to public opinion. Where one or more of these elements is absent, the system is unlikely to be genuinely democratic. There has also been pressure for more democracy at a lower level, particularly in the way that work is organised. The social conditions for stable democratic government have been considered, with the level of economic development. Thus, the advanced capitalist societies are nearly all representative democracies.

A young, handsome Cypriot Turk called Yusuf is tossed by fate into the vortex of a bitter conflict. Following his many adventures, the young Turk is forced to continue his quest for his future in unexpected circumstances and places. What follows is love, lust, violence, philosophy, architecture, battle, poetry, psychology and politics; from alpha to omega. Yusuf, a dazzlingly handsome young citizen of a noble family, is capture in battle and delivered into modern slavery and prostitution. Befriended by an academic in London and adopted by an English gentleman, he rises to prominence in an era of matchless braver, corruption and conflict.

The application of technology and its integrations includes the scientific knowledge to the practical aims of human life or to the change and manipulation of the human environment. Circa 3000 years BC many new technologies were developed; irrigation systems, road networks and wheeled vehicles, a pictographic form of writing and new building techniques. The new ideas and techniques engendered official persecution, but by the mid-17th century the tide of opinion had changed. By the late 17th century, technology essentially meant engineering. During the 19th century science began to create new technologies. This continued into the 20th century with the introduction of computing, Internet, Artificial Intelligence and other services made possible only because of further advances in science. In recent years Western aid has sought to develop appropriate technologies, using local materials and techniques, in partnership with the indigenous peoples.

The philosophy of the mind deals with the examination of problems revolving around the concept of the mind. The mental may be distinguished from the physical in various ways: intentionality and consciousness provide important features of mental states. An important part of the argument is the claim that mental states are known in a special way: they are directly given, transparent to their owner and known infallibly.Monist and materialist believe that reality is physical and explained by natural science; sought in various ways to understand the mind in material terms. Behaviourism advocates that psychology should concern itself exclusively with observation of behaviour, disregarding introspection altogether. Others propose that mental states are the same as states of the brain. Dissatisfaction with these overly simple attempts to incorporate the mental into the physical realm led to the development of functionalism.