Bøger af Archana Kumari

While much of recent researches deal with the role of English in its global context or the importance of English in the cross-cultural and international communication, few studies address the problems of English in a multilingual setting. The present study was undertaken on the basis of some felt needs particularly in the field of education. The book evaluates the importance of multilingualism and the role of English vis-à-vis the prevailing situation of languages/dialects in North-East states of India in general and Arunachal Pradesh in particular. The main focus of the book is on the analysis of the use of English language in different domains of life and to study the attitude towards English language in Arunachal Pradesh. The book also deals with the importance and need for preserving the indigenous languages and culture and the way how English can help in promoting the preservation of native languages of the state on the one hand and can help Arunachalee people keep pace with the modern developments in the country and abroad.The study was carried out in the schools/colleges, offices and villages in and around Itanagar only, and thus the study appears to be a sample. However, the scope of this work is, beyond doubt, wider. It is hoped that this work will prove to be of some valuable help to future workers in this field. It is also hoped that suggestions provided at the end will be of great help to language planners, teachers, and the learners alike.

Access to clean and safe drinking water is a basic human right, but it remains a significant challenge for many communities around the world. The availability of safe drinking water is a critical issue that affects the health, social, and economic well-being of people. This comprehensive study by Archana Kumari delves into the challenges and solutions for drinking water supply.The study focuses on the challenges faced by communities in accessing clean and safe drinking water, including natural disasters, contamination, inadequate infrastructure, and insufficient resources. It also examines the solutions and strategies that have been implemented to address these challenges, such as water treatment technologies, community involvement, government policies, and innovative financing mechanisms.The research highlights the importance of collaboration among stakeholders in achieving sustainable drinking water supply systems. It emphasizes the need for active community participation in decision-making, planning, and implementation of water supply projects to ensure their sustainability. Additionally, the study highlights the importance of creating awareness and promoting education on water-related issues to encourage responsible water use and conservation.In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into the challenges and solutions for drinking water supply. It emphasizes the need for integrated approaches that involve collaboration among stakeholders, active community participation, and innovation in technology and financing mechanisms. These strategies can help ensure sustainable access to clean and safe drinking water, which is essential for the health, social, and economic well-being of individuals and communities.

The present book is focusses on the methods and effects of placement of laparoscopic port in laparoscopy and site of incision to perform open methods of ovariectomy in elective spaying of female dogs. Twenty clinically healthy adult (Median age 3.25 years) female dogs weighing 14 to 38 kg (Median weight 26 kg) were used in the study. The ovariectomy was performed in two phases, in phase I, it has been done through laparoscopy by placing camera port caudal to the umbilicus on linea alba and two paramedian port caudal to that of camera port in triangular fashion in group A whereas; in group B the camera port was similar to that of group A but other two ports were one cranial to umbilicus and one caudal to camera port onlinea albai.estraight line. In phase II ovariectomy has been done by open surgical procedure in which site of incision to approach ovary was on right flank in group C whereas, it was caudal to umbilicus onlinea albain group D. Evaluation of surgical technique have been done on the basis of changes in clinical, haematobiochemical and marker for oxidative stress.

Le présent ouvrage se concentre sur les méthodes et les effets de la mise en place d'un port laparoscopique et du site d'incision pour réaliser des méthodes ouvertes d'ovariectomie lors de la stérilisation élective de chiennes. Vingt chiennes adultes cliniquement saines (âge médian 3,25 ans) pesant de 14 à 38 kg (poids médian 26 kg) ont été utilisées dans l'étude. L'ovariectomie a été réalisée en deux phases : dans la phase I, elle a été effectuée par laparoscopie en plaçant un port de caméra caudal par rapport à l'ombilic sur la ligne blanche et deux ports paramédians caudaux par rapport au port de la caméra de façon triangulaire dans le groupe A, tandis que dans le groupe B, le port de la caméra était similaire à celui du groupe A, mais les deux autres ports étaient l'un cranial par rapport à l'ombilic et l'autre caudal par rapport au port de la caméra sur la ligne blanche. Dans la phase II, l'ovariectomie a été réalisée par une procédure chirurgicale ouverte dans laquelle le site d'incision pour approcher l'ovaire était sur le flanc droit dans le groupe C tandis qu'il était caudal à l'ombilic dans le groupe D. L'évaluation de la technique chirurgicale a été faite sur la base des changements cliniques, hématobiochimiques et des marqueurs du stress oxydatif.

O presente livro centra-se nos métodos e efeitos da colocação de porto laparoscópico em laparoscopia e local de incisão para realizar métodos abertos de ovariectomia em spaying eletivo de cadelas. Foram utilizadas no estudo vinte cadelas adultas clinicamente saudáveis (idade média de 3,25 anos) com peso entre 14 e 38 kg (peso médio de 26 kg). A ovariectomia foi realizada em duas fases, na fase I, foi feita através de laparoscopia, colocando a porta caudal da câmara ao umbigo em linea alba e duas porta caudal paramédica à porta da câmara de forma triangular no grupo A, enquanto que no grupo B a porta da câmara foi semelhante à do grupo A, mas outras duas portas foram uma craniana ao umbigo e uma caudal à porta da câmara na linha onlinea albai.estraight. Na fase II, a ovariectomia foi feita por procedimento cirúrgico aberto em que o local de incisão para aproximação do ovário estava no flanco direito no grupo C enquanto que, no grupo D, foi caudal para umbilicus onlinea albainea. A avaliação da técnica cirúrgica foi feita com base em alterações clínicas, hematobioquímicas e marcadoras de stress oxidativo.

Il presente lavoro si concentra sui metodi e sugli effetti del posizionamento della porta laparoscopica in laparoscopia e del sito di incisione per eseguire metodi aperti di ovariectomia nella sterilizzazione elettiva di cani femmina. Nello studio sono stati utilizzati venti cani adulti clinicamente sani (età media 3,25 anni) di peso compreso tra 14 e 38 kg (peso medio 26 kg). L'ovariectomia è stata eseguita in due fasi: nella fase I, è stata eseguita in laparoscopia posizionando la porta della telecamera caudale all'ombelico sulla linea alba e due porte paramediane caudali a quella della porta della telecamera in modo triangolare nel gruppo A, mentre nel gruppo B la porta della telecamera era simile a quella del gruppo A, ma le altre due porte erano una craniale all'ombelico e una caudale alla porta della telecamera sulla linea alba. Nella fase II l'ovariectomia è stata eseguita con una procedura chirurgica aperta in cui il sito di incisione per avvicinarsi all'ovaio era sul fianco destro nel gruppo C, mentre era caudale all'ombelico nel gruppo D. La valutazione della tecnica chirurgica è stata effettuata sulla base dei cambiamenti clinici, ematobiochimici e dei marcatori dello stress ossidativo.

Nastoqschaq kniga poswqschena metodam i äffektam razmescheniq laparoskopicheskogo porta pri laparoskopii i mesta razreza dlq wypolneniq otkrytogo metoda owariäktomii pri älektiwnoj sterilizacii sobak zhenskogo pola. V issledowanii uchastwowali 20 klinicheski zdorowyh wzroslyh (srednij wozrast 3,25 goda) samok wesom ot 14 do 38 kg (srednij wes 26 kg). Owariäktomiq prowodilas' w dwe fazy, w perwoj faze ona wypolnqlas' posredstwom laparoskopii putem razmescheniq porta kamery kaudal'nee pupka na linii linea alba i dwuh paramediannyh portow kaudal'nee porta kamery w treugol'noj forme w gruppe A, w to wremq kak w gruppe V port kamery byl analogichen portu gruppy A, no dwa drugih porta byli raspolozheny kranial'no k pupku i kaudal'nee porta kamery na linii linea albai.estraight line. V faze II owariäktomiq byla wypolnena otkrytym hirurgicheskim metodom, pri kotorom mesto razreza dlq dostupa k qichniku bylo na prawom flange w gruppe S, w to wremq kak w gruppe D ono bylo kaudal'nee pupka. Ocenka hirurgicheskoj tehniki byla prowedena na osnowe izmenenij klinicheskih, gematobiohimicheskih pokazatelej i markerow oxidatiwnogo stressa.

Das vorliegende Buch befasst sich mit den Methoden und Auswirkungen der Platzierung des laparoskopischen Ports bei der Laparoskopie und der Inzisionsstelle zur Durchführung offener Methoden der Ovarektomie bei der elektiven Kastration von Hündinnen. Zwanzig klinisch gesunde erwachsene (Durchschnittsalter 3,25 Jahre) weibliche Hunde mit einem Gewicht von 14 bis 38 kg (Durchschnittsgewicht 26 kg) wurden für die Studie verwendet. Die Ovarektomie wurde in zwei Phasen durchgeführt. In Phase I wurde sie per Laparoskopie durchgeführt, indem in Gruppe A ein Kamera-Port kaudal des Nabels auf der Linea Alba und zwei paramediane Ports kaudal des Kamera-Ports in dreieckiger Form platziert wurden, während in Gruppe B der Kamera-Port dem der Gruppe A ähnlich war, aber die anderen beiden Ports waren einer kranial des Nabels und einer kaudal des Kamera-Ports auf der Linea Albai. In Phase II wurde die Ovarektomie durch ein offenes chirurgisches Verfahren durchgeführt, bei dem die Einschnittstelle für den Zugang zu den Eierstöcken in der Gruppe C an der rechten Flanke lag, während sie in der Gruppe D kaudal des Nabels lag. Die Bewertung der chirurgischen Technik erfolgte anhand der Veränderungen im klinischen und hämatobiochemischen Bereich sowie der Marker für oxidativen Stress.