Bøger af Boris Worm

1 Introduction.- 1.1 The Intellectual Debate Until 1990.- 1.2 Progress During the Last Decade.- 1.3 Consequences for the Structure of the Book.- References.- 2 Competition in Well-Mixed Habitats: From Competitive Exclusion to Competitive Chaos.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 Competition for a Single Abiotic Resource.- 2.2.1 Growth of a Single Species.- 2.2.2 Competitive Interactions.- 2.2.3 Competition for Light.- 2.3 Resource Storage.- 2.3.1 A Competition Model Based on Storage.- 2.3.2 Storage in a Constant Environment.- 2.3.3 Storage in a Variable Environment.- 2.4 Competition for a Single Biotic Resource.- 2.5 Competition for Two Resources.- 2.5.1 Essential vs. Substitutable Resources.- 2.5.2 Abiotic Resources.- 2.5.3 Biotic Resources.- 2.6 Competition for Three Resources.- 2.6.1 Competitive Oscillations.- 2.6.2 Competitive Chaos.- 2.7 Discussion.- References.- 3 Spatial Models of Competition.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Implicitly Spatial Models.- 3.2.1 Single Species Model.- 3.2.2 Two Species Models.- 3.2.3 Conclusion.- 3.3 Explicitly Spatial Models.- 3.3.1 Interacting Particle Systems.- 3.3.2 Point Process Models.- 3.3.3 Pair Approximation and Moment Methods.- 3.3.4 Reaction-Diffusion Models.- 3.4 Comparing and Connecting Methods.- 3.5 Underlying Spatial Heterogeneity.- 3.5.1 Reaction-Diffusion Models.- 3.5.2 Neighborhood Models.- 3.5.3 Patch Models.- 3.5.4 Conclusion.- 3.6 Competition and Coexistence.- 3.7 Future Directions.- 3.7.1 More Work on Environmental Heterogeneit.- 3.7.2 Combining Population and Ecosystem Perspectives.- 3.7.3 Competition for Light Among Terrestrial Plants.- 3.7.4 Evolution and Community Assembly.- References.- 4 Competition and Coexistence in Plankton Communities.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.1.1 What Makes Plankton Competition Special?.- 4.1.2 The Chemostat as an Experimental System.- 4.2 Competition Experiments in Laboratory Microcosms.- 4.2.1 Competition Experiments Under Constant Conditions.- 4.2.2 Competition Experiments Under Temporally Variable Conditions.- 4.3 Experiments in Field Mesocosms.- 4.4 Tests of the Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis by Field Data.- 4.5 Herbivory and Diversity.- 4.6 The Role of Abundance and of Seasonality.- 4.7 Conclusions.- References.- 5 Competition and Coexistence in Mobile Animals.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Competition Among Mobile Animals.- 5.3 Heterogeneity, Trade-Offs, and Competition.- 5.4 Scale and Heterogeneity.- 5.5 New Challenges.- References.- 6 Competition, Coexistence and Diversity on Rocky Shores.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.1.1 What Distinguishes Rocky Shores from Other Communities?.- 6.1.2 Evolution of Competition Theory.- 6.2 Disruption of Competitive Exclusion: The Non-Equilibrium View.- 6.2.1 Keystone Predation and Herbivory.- 6.2.2 Strong vs. Weak Interactions.- 6.2.3 The Effects of Physical Disturbance.- 6.3 Coexistence Through Trade-Offs: The Equilibrium View.- 6.3.1 The Resource-Ratio Hypothesis.- 6.3.2 The Competitive Hierarchy Hypothesis.- 6.3.3 Intransitive Competitive Networks.- 6.4 Synthesis: Integrating the Effects of Competition, Consumption and Disturbance.- 6.4.1 Consumer vs. Resource Control of Species Diversity.- 6.4.2 An Integrated Competition Model.- 6.5 Conclusion.- 6.5.1 Unifying Competition Theory.- 6.5.2 Competition, Coexistence and the Human Impact.- References.- 7 Competition and Coexistence in Terrestrial Plants.- 7.1 Introduction.- 7.2 Competition.- 7.2.1 Resource Competition.- 7.2.2 For Which Resources Do Species Compete?.- 7.2.3 Physiological and Morphological Mechanisms of Competition.- 7.2.4 Competition Summary.- 7.3 Coexistence.- 7.3.1 Neutral Theory of Biodiversity.- 7.3.2 Spatial Heterogeneity.- 7.3.3 Competition-Colonization Trade-Off.- 7.3.4 Temporal Variability.- 7.3.5 Additional Trophic Level.- 7.3.6 Multiple Mechanisms of Coexistence and Limits to Diversity.- 7.3.7 Coexistence Summary.- 7.4 Conclusion.- References.- 8 Synthesis: Back to Santa Rosalia, or No Wonder There Are So Many Species.- 8.1 Trade-Offs.- 8.2 Disturbance, ..

"I have been awaiting such a book for a long time. Worm and Tittensor combine three leading theoretical perspectives in ecology--neutral theory, metabolic theory, and niche theory--into a single, elegantly simple model to explain global patterns of species richness on land and in the sea. Their theory is novel, often surprising, and important in its implications for the future of biodiversity on Earth."--Stephen P. Hubbell, University of California, Los Angeles, and the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute"An impressive step forward in our quest to understand the patterns of life on this planet. This book will guide future research and inform the actions that we must prioritize to conserve biodiversity."--Cristiana Paşca Palmer, United Nations Assistant Secretary General and Executive Secretary of the Convention on Biological Diversity"This eminently readable book probes the very heart of ecology and evolutionary biology by describing and explaining global patterns of species diversity. A landmark work and must-read for every serious student of living nature."--James Estes, author of Serendipity: An Ecologist's Quest to Understand Nature"This book is an outstanding contribution to the long-standing effort to account for the diversity of life on Earth. It summarizes the state of the science, presents a wealth of data on biodiversity in the oceans and on land, and develops a compelling new model to explain major patterns and processes. A Theory of Global Biodiversity sets an agenda for the next decade of research."--James H. Brown, coauthor of Biogeography "A Theory of Global Biodiversity examines the age-old issue of what controls diversity at large scales. While the question is often framed as why are there more species in the tropics, this book rightly tackles the more precise and tractable question of why are there more species in some parts of the globe than others."--Brian J. McGill, University of Maine "The pattern of high diversity at the equator and declining diversity at the poles is one that holds true for many taxa, and a universal explanation for this pattern has long been sought by ecologists, naturalists, and evolutionary biologists, among others. This well-written and organized book brings simple mechanistic ecological and evolutionary theory to bear on the problem. There is no question that this is a significant contribution to the field."--Jay Stachowicz, University of California, Davis