Bøger af David Onditi

Essay from the year 2020 in the subject Economy - Environment economics, grade: A, University of Wisconsin-Madison, language: English, abstract: This essay deals with the impacts of the economical growth on the market and the marketing. The focus lies on environmental sustainability.The economic growth in the last 2 decades has led to the lifting of over 660 million people from poverty but have also led to the raisin of the levels of incomes of millions. However, such developments at the expense of environmental sustainability has come at the expense of the poor communities and the environment. Despite the growth patterns recorded in the last couple of decades, environmental sustainability has in the recent years become a contemporary challenge as billions of people still lack access to services such as electricity, access to clean water and are malnourished. Top executives of companies have started to deal with unique and complex environmental challenges. The majority of the executives are still hesitant to adopt sustainable strategies to the core of the operations of the firms including in marketing due to the belief that the costs are higher than the benefits. Such beliefs are contrary to the academic research and the bottom line benefits of sustainable marketing practices. Environmental sustainability as a contemporary challenge that has a number of influence on the marketing practices, markets and consumers amongst others. Environmental sustainability has had significant impacts on the consumers in a number of ways. The research indicates that B2B and B2C clients have increasingly adopted a sustainable view where sustainability of the company is used by the consumers in the consumer purchase behavior. In the recent years, the consumers have become increasingly interested in environmentally friendly alternatives thus creating markets for the sustainability. The consumer expectation has led to the push for the businesses to develop the sustainable products.

Academic Paper from the year 2019 in the subject Cultural Studies - Canada, grade: A+, University of Trento, course: Indigenous history, language: English, abstract: The community used in the essay is that found around the University campus of Trent University located in 1600 W Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON K9L OG2, Canada. Trent campus in Peterborough is one of the native territories of the Anishinaabe ¿ a group of Indigenous people who are made up of the Odawa, Ojibwa, Potawatomi, Mississauga, Delaware, Chippewa, and Algonquin communities who had control of the Great Lakes Basin since the early periods of the 1600s. Before the land became known as Peterborough, the name of the area was Nogojiwanong, which means a place at the end of the rapids in the Ojibwa language. The language, which was widely spoken by the Indigenous people in the community, before replacement of the cultural and Indigenous language practices with Christianity and the English language, was Anishinaabemowin. Through the process of land claims and the treaties, the Curve Lake First Nation, Hiawatha First Nation, Mississaugas of Scugog First Nation and Alderville First Nation had established their communities in the Trent campus area. The various nations indicated above officially refer to themselves as the Mississaugas. The community we live in and the lands we live is a homeland to diverse and many Indigenous groups who continue to live in Canada. The main crux of the essay is to research the history of the community as a means of illuminating the Indigenous presence ¿ both historical and contemporary. The essay explores the history of the whole group of the Anishanaabeg in Great Lakes and then delves into the Mississaugas of the Hiawatha First Nation, a sub-tribe of the Anishinaabe speaking First Nations. The essay starts with the history of Aboriginals.

Academic Paper from the year 2019 in the subject Nursing Science - Miscellaneous, grade: A, University of Nairobi (College of Medicine and Applied Sciences), course: International Nursing Practice, language: English, abstract: This text deals with safeguards to prevent medication administration errors in general and the Automated Dispensing Cabinets (ACD) in particular. They are a decentralised medication distribution system that offers a computer controlled dispensing, storage as well as the tracking of medication at the care point in the patient care units. The author will also look at the benefits and challenges for the nurse, care delivery, and implications for patient care.Medication errors, particularly the administration of wrong drugs is a common error type in the health care services. However, to ensure the safety of the patients, it is important to develop a system that can verify that the right drug is delivered to the correct patient; such a system is essential and basic for ensuring the improvement of care quality and the patient safety. Although errors associated with drug identity checking ¿ cases where the health care professionals administer the wrong drug ¿ have been put under the same category with the errors of wrong dose, such a categorisation should be reconsidered as part of quality improvement in clinical practice. Clinical research has indicated that the implications of wrong drug errors are significantly different in terms of corrective action for the errors of wrong dose errors. Wrong drug errors entail the checking errors by the nurses and pharmacists that lead to patients nearly receiving (near misses) or receiving the wrong medication. The wrong drug errors are different from the cases of wrong dosage errors where there is a failure by the pharmacists or the nurses to ensure that the proper dosage is administered or dispensed. The wrong drug errors can lead to significant adverse effects when the psychiatrist patient receives a drug that is inappropriate for their condition. When the disorder that the patient has is not treated properly, such a patient is exposed to medication that is not only unnecessary but can also attendant adverse and side effects.

Essay from the year 2017 in the subject Business economics - Accounting and Taxes, grade: A, University of Nairobi, language: English, abstract: This paper discusses the motives behind earnings management and explains some of the methods used by firms to manage their earnings. Earnings management has been defined differently by a number of scholars. It is important to note that there is a thin line between fraud and earnings management. Hamid, Hashim and Salleh citing the works of Brown, Perols and Lounge and Erickson, Hanlon and Maydew noted the difference in the definitions that are offered by the scholars. According to Perols and Lounge organizations will engage in fraud due to the constraints on earnings management. The research found out that the firms that had engaged in earnings management will be more likely to be involved in cases of fraud. Brown and Erickson et al noted that the difference between earnings management and fraud is that earnings management is usually within the scope of the generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) while fraud is outside of the boundaries of GAAP. Earnings management has been defined as the manipulation of the financial statements and reports by the managers so that the firms can earn extra profit. It has also been defined as the action where the management of the organizations apply their own self-assessment in the communication of the financial information and transactions to modify the financial data for two main reasons: 1) influencing contractual businesses that solely rely on the financial information or 2) providing the stakeholders with a wrong impression about the financial position of the firm.

Academic Paper from the year 2018 in the subject Business economics - Business Management, Corporate Governance, grade: 1.0, University of South Australia (McGill), course: Business Managament, language: English, abstract: The author gives an example of a quality assurance and control plan and a risk matrix, which includes the risks, probability and importance of the risks and the action plan as well as the person responsible for the risks.There are a number of risk analysis techniques. Brainstorming is primarily used in the project planning stage to identify as well as postulate the various risk scenarios. It helps project teams to creatively think as a group by building on various ideas. SWOT analysis is another framework of risk analysis that can be applied in a project as a means of assessing the external and internal influence that can have an impact on the project. The influences can either be positive or negative. Root cause analysis (RCA) is a method applied in analysing the adverse and serious events through the identification of problems that increase the likelihood of errors without focusing on individuals¿ mistakes.

Academic Paper from the year 2021 in the subject Communications - Public Relations, Advertising, Marketing, Social Media, grade: 6.0, , course: Global Logistics and Marketing, language: English, abstract: Logistics companies are constantly improving the way they manage their relationship within the business environment in various areas. In this paper, I will compare and contrast how different companies manage these areas, particularly in Bahrain or the Gulf region in order to demonstrate an understanding of the process of management within a logistics and transport environment from a position of a junior manager entering the industry. I will also demonstrate an understanding of the role of management throughout different companies across changing industry modes by using relevant models to analyse the external environment and the role of information systems and technology in a logistics and transport environment industry modes.

Academic Paper from the year 2019 in the subject Business economics - Business Management, Corporate Governance, grade: A, , language: English, abstract: American spending on art events have not changed since the 1970s; when the spending is adjusted to inflation. Studies undertaken in the 1980¿s indicated that attendance of classical music concerts have been on the decline. Further, the classical music concerts have faced dwindling government support since the 1980s. Due to the above facts, the symphony orchestras in the US have focused on ways of increasing the audience base. The attendance picture of concerts nationally is that approximately 15% of the total population have attended at least one orchestra concert (Knight Foundation, 2002). The demographics of the attendance is mostly white, over 65 years, women and with incomes above $150,000 per year (Knight Foundation, 2002). The most important characteristic of the specific market of the symphony orchestras is the devotion of the subscription patrons of the symphony orchestra. The integrated communication plan are Facebook and blogs ¿primarily the use of social media as well as the existing Symphony Orchestra website. The use of Facebook and blogs will be focused on the intensification and enhancement of the participation of Symphony Orchestra in social media through the development of a unified voice; that publishes desirable content on the blog and on Facebook, especially due to the limited budget of Symphony Orchestra. Facebook page will entail the use of incentives for instance if a person clicked ¿Like¿ button, they will get a discount code which they can apply when making purchase of tickets. They will get massive amounts of information about the people who are performing. The blogs will be optimized with key words and integrated into the Symphony Orchestra webpage; as a means of boosting the ranking of Symphony Orchestra in natural search. The blog will feature posts on the upcoming events as a means of provoking analysis and engagement on the performers, composers and music. Through the adoption of the plan, it is estimated that after approximately 6 months, the audience numbers at Symphony Orchestra will start to increase.

Research Paper (postgraduate) from the year 2018 in the subject Business economics - Business Management, Corporate Governance, grade: A, University of Bedfordshire, language: English, abstract: Most petroleum-producing countries have enacted local legislation and content to regulate international Oil and Gas companies. However, there is a dearth of literature focusing on local content policies. Due to the gap in the literature, the research focused on exploring the contents and the impacts of the LCP implementation in Norway and Ghana. These two petro-states have been chosen because they emphasis the contrast between a developing country which initially did not have the means to develop a regulatory framework for local content (Ghana) and a developed country which did (Norway). The aim of the study was to determine the economic impact of the implementation of local content policies in Oil and Gas producing countries, using Ghana and Norway as examples. There are a number of major conclusions from the research. First, very high minimum targets for local employment can lead to the creation of skill gaps in some areas while only achieving increases in some job categories; mostly the semi-skilled and the unskilled positions. Secondly, considering the unemployment, there appears to be no relationship between the unemployment percentage and the quality of the local content policies. Third, where National Oil Company takes the lead in the fostering of local content policies, better results are achieved in terms of skills transfer, increased local sourcing and better training programs. Moreover, mandatory cooperation through JVs and partnerships leads to greater technology spill over from the foreign companies to the local companies. Coupled with the above, higher government spending by there would be an increase in the local supply of both non-specialised and specialised products to the oil and gas industry. Finally, the successful LCPs require the provision of fiscal incentives to the local firms, as well as empowering the national oil company to foster technical skills transfer and fostering training. Moreover, some contextual situations such as political stability, HDI in terms of the educational attainment and R&D spending were linked to better outcomes of the LCPs. Based on the findings and the analysis from the research, it is recommended that policy makers and legislators in countries that want to develop local content policies should focus on coordination and getting input from the oil and gas operators, provision of incentives to the local businesses

Essay from the year 2019 in the subject Business economics - Economic Policy, grade: A, University of Nairobi (School of Business), course: PhD Economics, language: English, abstract: The author aims to study the impacts of fiscal decentralization and soft budget constraint on the scale of local government debts. Moreover, the effect of soft budget constraint on the scale of local government debt under the different extent of fiscal decentralization will be discussed.Due to the linkage between economic growth and the fiscal decentralization, the expansion in the local government debt is closely related to the fiscal decentralization and the soft budget constraint (SBC) ¿ the expectation that the local governments would be bailed out by the central government if they face debt challenges.Based on the literature fiscal decentralization is linked to local government debts as literature indicates that fiscal decentralization leads to the decentralization of the expenditure without the revenue collection powers. The Chinese local governments have increased expenditure budgets on public services but the powers of taxation are centralized. To bridge the revenue gaps, the local governments take up debts that are sunk into infrastructure and other low revenue generating investments. Soft budget constraints are thus a product of fiscal decentralization as they are based on the principal ¿ agent relationship between the politicians and the voters, central government and local government and the local governments and the SOEs within the local jurisdictions.

Seminar paper from the year 2017 in the subject Business economics - Accounting and Taxes, grade: A, University of Nairobi (School of Business), course: BCOM, language: English, abstract: The thesis deals with the topic how external audits can prevent and detect fraud in great companies' organisation. The logic behind this topic is that all companies may face the risk of fraudulent activities in the organisation. In the early 2000s, accounting fraud was a hot topic for the SEC when several famousfraud scandals at companies such as Enron, WorldCom and HealthSouth shook investor confidence in the financial market. This fraudulent behaviour can lead to the collapse or severely damage a company¿s reputation. When fraud appears in a company, people will start asking who will be responsible for preventing and detectingfraud. Shareholder or stakeholder who read financial statements believes that external auditors play a critical role regarding the accuracy of the financial statement. It is important to have high quality external auditor in detecting fraud and to investigate existing auditing procedures to prevent the possibility of fraud occurs.

Research Paper (undergraduate) from the year 2019 in the subject Business economics - Business Management, Corporate Governance, grade: A+, University of Nairobi (Main Campus), course: International Business, language: English, abstract: There are a number of key principles of microfinance regulations. However, empirical research indicates that some key principles such as governance, and capital adequacy should be the main focus of the microfinance regulation and supervision. CGAP (2012) developed the Consensus guideline for the supervision and regulation of the microfinance institutions (MFIs). CGAP indicated that the MFIs should have a higher capital adequacy ratios as compared to the commercial banks since the microloans issued by the MFIs have insufficient security and the borrowers main motivation to repay the loans is the expectation that they would receive more loans. The MFIs are at a higher risk of loan delinquency contagion that can lead to a significant increase in the de-capitalization. Berger agreed with the above view by stating that MFIs need to have minimum capital adequacy as a means of helping the organizations to overcome the volatilities. The researcher thus concurs that capital adequacy should be a key principle in the regulation and supervision of the MFIs due to the volatilities associated with low collateral quality in the MFI loans, and increased risk of loan repayment delinquency. However, the principle should only apply to the MFIs that offer uncollateralized loans or in the cases where the security is not adequate to effectively cover the loan.

Seminar paper from the year 2019 in the subject Business economics - Accounting and Taxes, grade: A+, , language: English, abstract: The changes that are taking place due to the globalisation of economies have led to a trend towards accounting standards of different countries being standardised. The accounting standard commonly used in the agricultural sector in IAS 41. IAS 41 is aimed at regulating the agricultural sector, which has been outside the discussions of accounting due to the lack of infrastructure and tradition for divulging or preparing its financial statements. The biological assets, according to IAS 41, should be valued at their fair value except for the cases where it would be impossible to estimate their value reliably. The main objective of this work is to determine how fair value accounting can be applied in the agricultural sector.The research will focus on the following research questions: Has IAS 41 enhanced the international comparability of accounting practices in the agricultural sector? How can biological assets fair value be measured, where there is no active market, in a reliable way in accordance to IAS 41?

Seminar paper from the year 2019 in the subject Business economics - Economic Policy, grade: A+, University of South Australia (McGill), course: International Business, language: English, abstract: The central research question is linked to the implications of protectionism in the steel industry in the US. The hypothesis is that trade protectionism leads to higher prices and massive job losses. The case study design is employed as is allows for the in depth understanding and examination of the steel industry in the US and the implications of the trade policies on the jobs as well as prices. The research applied archival research method applying a mixed methodology. The findings of the research indicate that the application of protectionism in the steel sector would harm not only the consumers but the industry being protected. It can be concluded that protectionism has negative implications in terms of higher prices and loss of jobs. The project was restricted by the research design as the use of a single case study limits the comparability and thus the generalizability of the results. The research focused only on the steel industry in the US thus restricting the applications of the findings in other sectors or industries in the US or even the steel industries in other countries. The research implies that trade policies in the US should favor the use of market forces dictated by the principles of the WTO rather than focusing on the nationalism of the economies.The economic nationalism in the United States has risen in the past couple of years, fueled by and fueling the election of President Donald Trump. With the increased call for nationalism of the economies comes the view that protectionism has achieved great success in the history of the United States. However, the calls for greater protectionism ignores the vast amounts of academic analysis and contemporary reporting that indicates that the trade protectionism in the United States has led to immense economic costs on the economy and the American consumers.