Bøger af E Channaveeramma

Wireless communications have evolved significantly over the past few decades, and the current scenario is characterized by a widespread variety of wireless technologies, applications, and services. Some of the key trends and developments in wireless communications include: 5G Networks: 5G networks deployed in many countries around the world, offering enhanced data rates, reduced latency, and additional capacity compared to previous generations of wireless networks. 5G networks use massive MIMO, beamforming, and network slicing to provide high- quality, high-speed wireless connectivity to users.Internet of Things: It is a network for devices connected wirelessly, which can communicate with each other and with the internet. IoT devices include smart sensors, wearables, and home automation systems, among others. Wireless technologies for example Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and Zigbee are commonly used for IoT applications.Smart Homes and Cities: Wireless communication plays significant part in the implementation of smart-homes and cities, which use interconnected devices and sensors to improve energy efficiency, safety, and quality of life. Wi-Fi, Zigbee, and Bluetooth are the technologies connect devices and sensors to the internet and to each other wirelessly.Autonomous Vehicles: Wireless communications are critical for the development of autonomous vehicles, which rely on high-speed, low-latency wireless networks to communicate with other vehicles, infrastructure, and the cloud. 5G networks and other advanced wireless technologies are being developed to support the communication needs of autonomous vehicles. Satellite Communications: Satellites are being used increasingly for wireless communications, particularly in areas where terrestrial networks are unavailable or unreliable. Satellite communications are used for applications such as remote sensing, navigation, and communication with remote locations. Cellular networks (e.g. 5G, 4G LTE), satellite communications, and near-field communication (NFC) also fall into connectionless communication.Wireless communication systems must constantly function at faster speeds while making use of the available spectrum. Error-correcting codes, modulation techniques, and multiple access techniques are essential for achieving high spectrum efficiency. Channel codes, significant part of communication system that enhances reliability of data transmission by adding redundancy to the data. They make the receiver enabled such that it can identify and correct errors if any in the received signal owing to interference, or other impairments that affect the signal during the transmission through the channel.