Bøger af Eman Refaat

A artrite reumatoide (AR) é classificada como uma doença crónica, o que significa que a progressão dos sintomas se agrava com o tempo. Os doentes podem registar uma rápida progressão dos efeitos debilitantes. À medida que o revestimento da sinóvia se desgasta ou fica inflamado, aumenta o desconforto e o risco de lesões ósseas. As células estaminais mesenquimais são conhecidas pelo seu forte efeito imunossupressor ao produzirem mediadores solúveis, como as citocinas anti-inflamatórias, e podem ser úteis como aplicação terapêutica em doenças auto-imunes.

La polyarthrite rhumatoïde (PR) est considérée comme une maladie chronique, ce qui signifie que la progression des symptômes s'aggrave avec le temps. Les patients peuvent connaître une progression rapide des effets débilitants. À mesure que la membrane synoviale s'use ou s'enflamme, l'inconfort et le risque de lésions osseuses augmentent. Les cellules souches mésenchymateuses sont connues pour leur fort pouvoir immunosuppresseur en produisant des médiateurs solubles tels que des cytokines anti-inflammatoires et pourraient être utiles en tant qu'application thérapeutique dans les maladies auto-immunes.

L'artrite reumatoide (AR) è classificata come una patologia cronica, il che significa che la progressione dei sintomi peggiora nel tempo. I pazienti possono sperimentare una rapida progressione degli effetti debilitanti. Quando il rivestimento della sinovia si consuma o si infiamma, aumentano il disagio e il rischio di danni alle ossa. Le cellule staminali mesenchimali sono note per la loro forte immunosoppressione grazie alla produzione di mediatori solubili come le citochine antinfiammatorie e potrebbero essere utili come applicazione terapeutica nelle malattie autoimmuni.

Die rheumatoide Arthritis (RA) wird als chronische Erkrankung eingestuft, was bedeutet, dass sich die Symptome im Laufe der Zeit verschlimmern. Bei den Patienten kann es zu einem raschen Fortschreiten der behindernden Auswirkungen kommen. Mit der Abnutzung oder Entzündung der Gelenkschleimhaut nehmen die Beschwerden und das Risiko von Knochenschäden zu. Mesenchymale Stammzellen sind für ihre starke immunsuppressive Wirkung bekannt, da sie lösliche Mediatoren wie entzündungshemmende Zytokine produzieren, und könnten als therapeutische Anwendung bei Autoimmunkrankheiten nützlich sein.

It is inherited in an autosomal co dominant manner. Sickle cell disease is caused by point mutation in the ¿-Globin gene on chromosome 11, causing replacement of glutamic acid by valine at the sixth position of beta globin chain of Hb The altered amino acid content in ¿-globin chain promotes the non-covalent polymerization (aggregation) of haemoglobin causing red blood cells to become sickle shaped and this decreases the elasticity of RBCs which is more pronounced during conditions of decreased oxygenation or higher oxygen demand as at higher altitude, infections, exercises and during surgery.

A protein kinase is a kinase enzyme that modifies other proteins by chemically adding phosphate groups to them (phosphorylation). Phosphorylation usually results in a functional change of the target protein (substrate) by changing enzyme activity, cellular location, or association with other proteins. PKC isozymes are activated by a variety of hormones, such as adrenalin and angiotensin, by growth factors, including epidermal growth factor and insulin, and by neurotransmitters such as dopamine and endorphin; these stimulators, when bound to their respective receptors, activate members of the phospholipase C family, which generates diacylglycerol, a lipid derived second messenger.

Many plants, including some of the commonly consumed herbs and spices in our daily food, can be safely and effectively used to prevent and/or treat some health concerns. In the recent years, increasing attention has been paid to the role of diet in human health. Epidemiological studies have shown that high fruit and vegetable consumption have health benefits in the prevention of chronic diseases, such as atherosclerosis and cancer, cardiovascular, cataract, diabetes, coronary heart diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson¿s and Alzheimer¿s diseases as well as inflammation and problems caused by cell and aging. Antioxidants may reduce the risks of these diseases and improve general health. Most of antioxidant capacity of fruit or vegetable may derive from compounds such as flavonoids, isoflavones, flavones, anthocyanins, catechins and isocatechins rather than from vitamins C, E or ¿-carotene. Many of these phytochemicals may help to protect cells against the oxidative damage caused by free radicals.