Bøger af Hugo Munsterberg

Psychology and Industrial Efficiency corresponds to a German book, which I published a few months ago, under the title Psychologie und Wirlschaftsleben: Ein Beitrag zur angewandten Experimental-Psychologie (Leipzig: J.A. Barth). It is not a translation, as some parts of the German volume have been abbreviated or entirely omitted and other parts have been enlarged and supplemented. Yet the essential substance of the two books is identical.

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Münsterberg's essays on courtroom psychology are based on his observations in trials; dating to the early 20th century, this work is a pioneering example of forensic psychology.Working as a Harvard professor of psychology at the beginning of the 20th century, Hugo Munsterberg sought to shed light upon aspects of criminal trials. Münsterberg's enquiries span the unreliability of witness testimonies and fallible nature of human memory, plus phenomena such as false confessions and the complex psychology behind them. In support of his analyses, the author conducted experiments testing the recall of students, demonstrating how their memories and responses varied widely despite receiving the same information to answer and remember.The author is particularly focused upon the emergence of unreliable testimony due to coercion on the part of police interrogators. The intense pressure placed on suspects and other involved persons affects the veracity of testimony, with many prosecution cases dependent upon fabricated ideas, false memories, and self-confident juries which produce poor outcomes. Rather than simply criticize the flaws from a psychological point of view, Munsterberg appends various suggestions for reform directed at prosecutors and investigators, trial judges, lawyers, and treatment of the jury.

Our aim is to sketch the outlines of a new science which is to intermediate between the modern laboratory psychology and the problems of economics: the psychological experiment is systematically to be placed at the service of commerce and industry. So far we have only scattered beginnings of the new doctrine, only tentative efforts and disconnected attempts which have started, sometimes in economic, and sometimes in psychological, quarters. The time when an exact psychology of business life will be presented as a closed and perfected system lies very far distant. But the earlier the attention of wider circles is directed to its beginnings and to the importance and bearings of its tasks, the quicker and the more sound will be the development of this young science. What is most needed to-day at the beginning of the new movement are clear, concrete illustrations which demonstrate the possibilities of the new method. In the following pages, accordingly, it will be my aim to analyze the results of experiments which have actually been carried out, experiments belonging to many different spheres of economic life. But these detached experiments ought always at least to point to a connected whole; the single experiments will, therefore, always need a general discussion of the principles as a background. In the interest of such a wider perspective we may at first enter into some preparatory questions of theory. They may serve as an introduction which is to lead us to the actual economic life and the present achievements of experimental psychology.

Have you ever thought that there might be something wrong with human beings, even that we might be slightly insane? Why is it that so many human beings are filled with a restless discontent, and an insatiable desire for material goods, status and power? Why is it that human history has been filled with endless conflict, oppression and inequality? In this ground-breaking and inspiring book, HUGO MÜNSTERBERG shows that we do suffer from a psychological disorder, which he refers to as humania, or ego-madness. This disorder is so close to us that we don't realize it's there, but it's the root cause of all our dysfunctional behaviour, both as individuals and as a species.

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