Bøger af Institute of Medicine

Birth outcomes have improved worldwide, yet, there is a gap between the outcomes in developing and developed countries. This book addresses the steps needed to reduce that gap. It reviews the statistics of low birth weight, prematurity, and birth defects and identifies cost-effective opportunities for improving birth outcomes.

Explores the principles underlying the biological challenges, medical interventions, the continuing research agenda, and operational considerations for post-immunization strategies for vaccine-preventable viral diseases, and highlights important efforts that may facilitate wise decision making.

Examines the real consequences for adults who lack health insurance. This study presents findings in the areas of prevention and screening, cancer, chronic illness, hospital-based care, and general health status.

The vaccine used to protect humans against the anthrax disease, called Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed (AVA), was licensed in 1970. Congress directed the Department of Defense to support an independent examination of AVA. This work reports the study's conclusion that the vaccine is acceptably safe and effective in protecting humans against anthrax.

Provides an analytic framework and quantitative model for evaluating disease conditions that can be applied by those setting priorities for vaccine development. This book examines: lessons to be learned from the polio experience; scientific advances that set the stage for vaccines; and factors that affect how vaccines are used in the population.

Offers an assessment of managed care for behavioral health and a framework for purchasing, delivering, and ensuring the quality of behavioral health care. This book presents objective analysis of the powerful multimillion-dollar accreditation industry and the key accrediting organizations.

Contains the results of an epidemiological study of the mortality of participants compared with a similar group of nonparticipants. The topics in this book include: a breakdown of the study rationale; an overview of other studies of veteran participants in nuclear tests; and descriptions of Operation CROSSROADS; and more.

Presents a framework for evaluating patient care applications of telemedicine. This book identifies managerial, technical, policy, legal, and human factors that must be taken into account in evaluating a telemedicine program. It is suitable for those interested in the clinical application of telemedicine.

Makes recommendations for improving primary care, building its organization, financing, infrastructure, and knowledge base, as well as developing a way of thinking and acting for primary care clinicians. This volume also discusses the needs of special populations, the role of the capitation method of payment, and more.

Discusses six competency based learning objectives for all medical school students, discusses the relevance of environmental health to specific courses and clerkships, and demonstrates how to integrate environmental health into the curriculum through published case studies, some of which are included in one of the book's three appendices.

What are the long-term results of weight-loss programs? How can people sort through the many programs available and select one that is right for them? This book strives to answer these questions. This book discusses short- and long-term safety consequences of weight loss, as well as clinical assessment of individual patients.

Mifepristone (RU486) is the first clinically available antiprogestin. It is recognized that mifepristone, along with other antiprogestins, has a potentially significant therapeutic role in human health and disease. This book provides an evaluation of knowledge about both the fundamental nature of antiprogestins as well as their possible use.

How can we meet the special needs of children for emergency medical services (EMS) when EMS systems are often unprepared for the challenge? This comprehensive overview of EMS for children (EMS-C) provides an answer by presenting a vision for EMS-C system and practical recommendations for attaining it.

Because most proposals for health care reform assume some continued role for employers, this book describes the strength and limitations of the system of employment-based health benefits. It is useful for policymakers and regulators, employee benefit managers and other executives, trade associations, and decisionmakers.

Presents a history of the violence and the research findings and conclusions of a 1992 delegation to Guatemala. This book focuses on the human rights concerns and the responses of the government and military authorities to those concerns. It presents the status of an investigation into the political murder of an eminent Guatemalan anthropologist.

Identifies infectious disease threats posed by bacteria and viruses, as well as protozoans, helminths, and fungi. This volume includes a historical perspective on infectious disease, with focuses on Lyme disease, peptic ulcer, malaria, dengue, and recent increases in tuberculosis.

Surveys the field of body composition as it relates to performance. This book includes a definition of terminology and a discussion of the methods for measuring body composition. It addresses the issue of physical appearance as it relates to body fatness and performance. It is meant for those involved in sports medicine and exercise physiology.

How many physicians does it need to carry out its principal mission-related responsibilities of patient care, education, and research? This book presents and demonstrates by example a methodology to answer this basic, but complex, question.

How can drug treatment dollars be spent most equitably with the highest likelihood of beneficial results? Focusing on this basic question, this volume provides specific recommendations on how to organize and fund the drug treatment system. It also gives attention to both public and private sources and their programs.

Presents a monograph that explores methods of and barriers to diagnostic technology assessment and describes the rationale and the guidelines for meaningful evaluation. This book emphasizes the problems involved and defines a mechanism for improving the evaluation and use of medical technology and essential resources to enhance patient care.

Congress asked the Institute of Medicine to find out whether various health care programs were ignoring the homeless or delivering care to them inefficiently. This book is the report prepared by a committee of experts who examined these problems through visits to city slums and impoverished rural areas.

Contains proposals for ensuring that public health service programs are efficient and effective enough to deal not only with the modern topics, but also with those of tomorrow. This book also makes recommendations for core functions in public health assessment, policy development, and service assurances.

Summarizes the one-day workshop, Military Medical Ethics: Issues Regarding Dual Loyalties, which examined two case studies: decisions regarding returning a service member to duty after a closed head injury, and decisions on actions by health professionals regarding a hunger strike by detainees.

Disasters and public health emergencies can stress health care systems to the breaking point and disrupt delivery of vital medical services. This book examines indicators and triggers that guide the implementation of crisis standards of care.