Bøger af International Monetary Fund

This analysis of the extent of trade integration of sub-Saharan African countries in the global economy focuses on four key concepts: trade openness, captured by import and export flows; the centrality in the global and regional trade network; gravity model estimates that account for country- and region-specific determinants of bilateral trade flows; and global value chain integration.

In an environment of tepid growth and persistent downside risks, finding ways to enhance fiscal policy's ability to smooth the effect of shocks to economic activity is high on the policy agenda. Fiscal policy has often been used to reduce output volatility. As is clear from the evidence gathered in this Fiscal Monitor, fiscal policy has served this purpose for 30 years.

The five Regional Economic Outlooks published biannually by the IMF include key data for countries in each region. Each report focuses on policy developments that have affected economic performance in the region, and discusses key challenges faced by policymakers. The near-term outlook, key risks, and their related policy challenges are analysed, and current issues are explored.

The breadth and scale of central bank operations have been modified or expanded in unprecedented ways. Additionally, a fundamental rethinking of central banking and its policy frameworks has been taking place. This volume reflects a multilateral effort to help close the gap in our knowledge in meeting the critical challenges presented by these significant changes.

The evolution of Chinese trade, investment, and consumption patterns offers opportunities and challenges to China's neighbours. Cambodia, Lao P.D.R., Myanmar, and Vietnam (the CLMV) are all open economies that are highly integrated with China. The CLMV's low labour costs suggest that manufacturing assembly for export could take off, and as China itself demands more consumption items.

According to the October 2016 World Economic Outlook, global growth is projected to slow to 3.1% in 2016 before recovering to 3.4% in 2017. The forecast, revised down by 0.1% point for 2016 and 2017 relative to April's report, reflects a more subdued outlook for advanced economies following the June UK vote in favour of leaving the EU and weaker than expected growth in the US.

Economic growth in sub-Saharan Africa this year is set to drop to its lowest level in more than 20 years, reflecting the adverse external environment, and a lacklustre policy response in many countries. Sub-Saharan Africa remains a region of immense economic potential, but policy adjustment in the hardest-hit countries needs to be enacted promptly to allow for a growth rebound.

Provides a broad introduction to how the IMF fulfils its mission through its financial activities. It covers the financial structure and operations of the IMF and also provides background detail of the financial statements for the IMF's activities during the most recent financial year.

Provides detailed data on transactions in revenue, expense, net acquisition of assets and liabilities, other economic flows, and balances of assets and liabilities of general government and its subsectors. The data are compiled according to the framework of the 2014 Government Finance Statistics Manual.

Drawing on an expanded data set covering emerging markets and low-income countries as well as advanced economies, this text examines the extent and makeup of global debt and asks what role fiscal policy can play in facilitating the adjustment. The analytical framework explicitly models the interlinkages between private and public debt in analysing the role of fiscal policy in the deleveraging process.

Contains detailed statistics on all aspects of international and domestic finance. The IFS Yearbook contains available annual data covering 12 years for countries appearing in the monthly issues of International Financial Statistics (IFS). Additional time series in country tables and some additional tables of area and world aggregates are included in the Yearbook.

Economic growth in sub-Saharan Africa as a whole has fallen to its lowest level in 15 years, though with large variation among countries in the region. This report examines sub-Saharan Africa's vulnerability to commodity price shocks, and documents the substantial progress made in financial development, especially financial services based on mobile technologies.

Describes the policies and economic reforms needed to address the declining productive capacity in Latin America and the Caribbean. Three chapters assess corporate vulnerabilities in Latin America, analyse the degree of exchange rate pass-through in the region, and evaluate trends in public and private infrastructure investment.

This Coordinated Direct Investment Survey Guide has been prepared to assist economies in participating in the Coordinated Direct Investment Survey (CDIS). The CDIS is being conducted under the auspices of the Statistics Department (STA) of the IMF across a wide range of economies.

Conducts a systematic growth and fiscal analysis to determine the growth potential of Benin's ambitious scaling-up of investment, and how the government can generate the necessary fiscal space needed to increase investment without jeopardizing Benin's solid macroeconomic performance.

Raising the Middle East and Central AsiaΓÇÖs long-term growth prospects is critical for meeting the region''s pressing need for jobs and higher living standards.

With an aging population and declining productivity growth, Europe faces serious challenges to raising its output growth. Adding to these challenges are the various gender gaps in the labor market. Despite significant progress in recent decades, there are still fewer women than men participating in EuropeΓÇÖs labor market, and women are more likely to work part time. Furthermore, a smaller share of women reaches the top rungs of the corporate ladder. Could greater gender equality in the labor market help mitigate the slowdown in EuropeΓÇÖs growth potential? Against this backdrop, this paper investigates the drivers of female labor force participation in Europe as well as what effects greater gender diversity in senior corporate positions might have for EuropeΓÇÖs economic performance. Reexamining the factors driving womenΓÇÖs labor force participation is particularly important because in many European countries the process of closing the gender gap has stalled despite greater gender equality in human capital investment, declining birth rates, changing social norms, and equal legal access to employment opportunities. Investigating whether firm performance could be improved if women held a greater share of senior positions is also essential given that the empirical evidence from past research into this question has been inconclusive.

Ireland's major property bubble burst at the same time as the global financial crisis erupted, plunging the country into a severe recession in 2008-10. Public debt climbed rapidly as revenues collapsed. The government lost access to market financing at manageable interest rates, and Ireland entered into a three-year programme of financial assistance from the European Union (EU) and IMF.

High and persistent inflation in India has presented serious macroeconomic challenges, such as widening the current account deficit, exposing India to global financial market turbulence, and slowing growth. This volume analyses various facets of Indian inflation and their implications for the conduct of monetary policy in India.

The West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) has a long and varied history, and this book examines how the WAEMU can achieve its development and stability objectives, improve the livelihood of its people, and enhance the inclusiveness of its economic growth, all while preserving its financial stability, enhancing its competitiveness, and maintaining its current fixed exchange rates.

Analyses the main economic developments and achievements in the Western Balkan countries, and lays out the key macroeconomic policy challenges for the future.

This is the 66th issue of the AREAER. It provides a description of the foreign exchange arrangements, exchange and trade systems, and capital controls of all IMF member countries. It also provides information on the operation of foreign exchange markets and controls on international trade.

It is critical to identify policies that could lift productivity growth by promoting innovation. Fiscal policy can play an important role in stimulating innovation through its effects on research and development, entrepreneurship, and technology transfer.

Covers approximately 184 countries and two sets of world and area summaries; world and area trade as seen by the reporting countries and by the partner countries to those transactions. Three sections - World and Area Tables, Memorandum Tables, and Country Tables - constitute the framework for the data.

Examines current risks facing the global financial system, and the policy actions that may mitigate these. It analyses the key challenges facing financial and non-financial firms as they continue to repair their balance sheets.

Multilateral surveillance of fiscal developments, a key part of the IMF's surveillance responsibilities, has increased in importance. In response, the Fiscal Monitor was launched in 2009 to analyse the latest public finance developments, update fiscal implications of the crisis and medium-term fiscal projections, and assess policies to put public finances on a sustainable footing.