Bøger af James J. Buckley

This book is intended to be an undergraduate introduction to the theory of fuzzy sets. We envision, sometime in the future, a curriculum in fuzzy sys­ tems theory, which could be in computer /information sciences, mathematics, engineering or economics (business, finance), with this book as the starting point. It is not a book for researchers but a book for beginners where you learn the basics. This course would be analogous to a pre-calculus course where a student studies algebra, functions and trigonometry in preparation for more advanced courses. Chapters 3 through 11 are on fuzzy algebra, fuzzy functions, fuzzy trigonometry, fuzzy geometry, and solving fuzzy equations. However, after this course the student doesn't go on to calculus but to more specialized courses in fuzzy systems theory like fuzzy clustering, fuzzy pattern recogni­ tion, fuzzy database, fuzzy image processing and computer vision, robotics, intelligent agents, soft computing, fuzzy rule based systems (control, expert systems), fuzzy decision making, applications to operations research, fuzzy mathematics, fuzzy systems modeling, etc. Therefore, very little of most of these topics are included in this book. There are many new topics included in this book. Let us point out some of them here: (1) mixed fuzzy logic (Section 3.5); (2) three methods of solving fuzzy equation/problems (Chapter 5); (3) solving fuzzy inequalities (Chapter 6); (4) inverse fuzzy functions (Section 8.5); (5) fuzzy plane geometry (Chap­ ter 9); (6) fuzzy trigonometry (Chapter 10); and (7) fuzzy optimization based on genetic algorithms (Chapter 16).

The primary purpose of this book is to present information about selected topics on the interactions and applications of fuzzy + neural. Most of the discussion centers around our own research in these areas. Fuzzy + neural can mean many things: (1) approximations between fuzzy systems and neu­ ral nets (Chapter 4); (2) building hybrid neural nets to equal fuzzy systems (Chapter 5); (3) using neura.l nets to solve fuzzy problems (Chapter 6); (4) approximations between fuzzy neural nets and other fuzzy systems (Chap­ ter 8); (5) constructing hybrid fuzzy neural nets for certain fuzzy systems (Chapters 9, 10); or (6) computing with words (Chapter 11). This book is not intend to be used primarily as a text book for a course in fuzzy + neural because we have not included problems at the end of each chapter, we have omitted most proofs (given in the references), and we have given very few references. We wanted to keep the mathematical prerequisites to a minimum so all longer, involved, proofs were omitted. Elementary dif­ ferential calculus is the only prerequisite needed since we do mention partial derivatives once or twice.

In probability and statistics we often have to estimate probabilities and parameters in probability distributions using a random sample. Fuzzy random variables have fuzzy distributions. A fuzzy normal random variable has the normal distribution with fuzzy number mean and variance.

The point estimators are put into the model to compute system descriptors like mean time an item spends in the system, or the expected number of transactions leaving the system per unit time. The system descriptors we want (time in system, number leaving per unit time) will be fuzzy numbers.

Simulating Fuzzy Systems demonstrates how many systems naturally become fuzzy systems and shows how regular (crisp) simulation can be used to estimate the alpha-cuts of the fuzzy numbers used to analyze the behavior of the fuzzy system.

This book combines material from our previous books FP (Fuzzy Probabilities: New Approach and Applications,Physica-Verlag, 2003) and FS (Fuzzy Statistics, Springer, 2004), plus has about one third new results.

We switch to employ ing fuzzy arrival rates and fuzzy service rates to model the fuzzy queuing system in part three in Chapters 11 and 12. Two other items relating to fuzzy sets, needed in Chapters 13-17, are also in Chapter 2: (1) how we plan to handle the maximum/minimum of a fuzzy set;

The book aims at surveying results in the application of fuzzy sets and fuzzy logic to economics and engineering. New results include fuzzy non-linear regression, fully fuzzified linear programming, fuzzy multi-period control, fuzzy network analysis, each using an evolutionary algorithm; fuzzy hierarchical analysis using an evolutionary algorithm;

The primary purpose of this book is to present information about selected topics on the interactions and applications of fuzzy + neural. Fuzzy + neural can mean many things: (1) approximations between fuzzy systems and neu ral nets (Chapter 4); (5) constructing hybrid fuzzy neural nets for certain fuzzy systems (Chapters 9, 10);