Bøger af Jean Lave

Situeret læring, Jean Lave og Etienne Wengers klassiker fra 1991, foreligger nu omsider på dansk. Bogen har i mange år været flittigt brugt i det pædagogiske miljø i Danmark i forbindelse med forskning i og diskussioner om læring og læreprocesser. De to forfattere redegør i bogen for deres forskning, der har bidraget til at flytte fokus fra den traditionelle opfattelse af læring som en individuel, intellektuel proces, der bygger på undervisning, til det sociale aspekt af læring – læring som en proces, der foregår i samspil med andre mennesker i et praksisfællesskab. ¨I bogen refereres der til forskningsresultater fra så forskellige miljøer som skræddermestre i Liberia og disses videregiven af håndværksmæssige færdigheder til deres lærlinge, oplæring af kvartermestre i den amerikanske marine, slagterlærlinge i praktik i supermarkeder, Anonyme Alkoholikeres modtagelse af nyankomne og servitricers læreprocesser i praksis. Bogen rummer de to forfatteres teoretiske overvejelser over sammenhænge mellem mesterlære, individuel læring og udvikling af identitet. Den danske udgave af Situeret læring er i forhold til originaludgaven udvidet med følgende tekster: Introducerende forord af Steinar Kvale, professor ved Psykologisk Institut i Aarhus Artikel om mesterlære af Jean Lave. To kapitler om læring fra Etienne Wengers bog Communities of Practice Artikel om Kalundborgegnens Produktionsskole af Jean Lave Interview med Jean Lave om antropologisk forskning af Steinar Kvale. Jean Lave er professor i pædagogik ved University of California i Berkeley. Etienne Wenger arbejder som selvstændig forsker, konsulent, forfatter og foredragsholder. De har begge besøgt Danmark flere gange. Bogen er oversat fra amerikansk efter Situated Learning af Bjørn Nake.

In this important theoretical treatist, Jean Lave, anthropologist, and Etienne Wenger, computer scientist, push forward the notion of situated learning - that learning is fundamentally a social process. The authors maintain that learning viewed as situated activity has as its central defining characteristic a process they call legitimate peripheral participation (LPP). Learners participate in communities of practitioners, moving toward full participation in the sociocultural practices of a community. LPP provides a way to speak about crucial relations between newcomers and old-timers and about their activities, identities, artefacts, knowledge and practice. The communities discussed in the book are midwives, tailors, quartermasters, butchers, and recovering alcoholics, however, the process by which participants in those communities learn can be generalised to other social groups.

Interweaves analysis of the process of apprenticeship among the Vai and Gola tailors of Liberia with reflections on the evolution of the author's research on those tailors in the late 1970s. This title shows how the critical questions raised by ethnographic research erode conventional assumptions, altering the direction of the work that follows.

Most previous research on human cognition has focused on problem-solving, and has confined its investigations to the laboratory. As a result, it has been difficult to account for complex mental processes and their place in culture and history. In this startling - indeed, disco in forting - study, Jean Lave moves the analysis of one particular form of cognitive activity, - arithmetic problem-solving - out of the laboratory into the domain of everyday life. In so doing, she shows how mathematics in the 'real world', like all thinking, is shaped by the dynamic encounter between the culturally endowed mind and its total context, a subtle interaction that shapes 1) Both tile human subject and the world within which it acts. The study is focused on mundane daily, activities, such as grocery shopping for 'best buys' in the supermarket, dieting, and so on. Innovative in its method, fascinating in its findings, the research is above all significant in its theoretical contributions. Have offers a cogent critique of conventional cognitive theory, turning for an alternative to recent social theory, and weaving a compelling synthesis from elements of culture theory, theories of practice, and Marxist discourse. The result is a new way of understanding human thought processes, a vision of cognition as the dialectic between persons-acting, and the settings in which their activity is constituted. The book will appeal to anthropologists, for its novel theory of the relation of cognition to culture and context; to cognitive scientists and educational theorists; and to the 'plain folks' who form its subject, and who will recognize themselves in it, a rare accomplishment in the modern social sciences.