Bøger af John Binnington

The mitochondrion is a double-membrane-bound cell organelle, which is responsible for processing oxygen and converting food substances into energy. It is essential for cellular bioenergetics and consequently plays a significant role in aging related energy deterioration. Aging is a natural biological process, which occurs in all living organisms and is characterized by declining bioenergetics. A loss of mitochondrial activity and quality is also linked with the development of a variety of age-related diseases. Aging has a negative effect on the mitochondrial heath, as it creates imbalances in the main mitochondrial-regulated pathways. Mitochondrial dysfunction occurs when the mitochondrion fails to function properly as a result of another disease or condition. Secondary mitochondrial dysfunction may be caused by a variety of diseases including diabetes, muscular dystrophy, cancer, Alzheimer's disease, and Lou Gehrig's disease. This book provides significant information to help develop a good understanding of the role of mitochondrion in aging and disease. It will serve as a reference to a broad spectrum of readers.

Mitochondria are membrane-bound cell organelles, which are considered to be key factors involved in the aging process. They are involved in energy production by oxidative phosphorylation. They also play a significant role in maintaining calcium balance, intracellular homeostasis, and the metabolism and inter-conversion of dietary substrates. They play a crucial function in signaling their metabolic state to the nucleus and other cells. Mitochondria possess a protein synthetic apparatus and can self-replicate. These apparatuses can be easily disrupted in aging and disease. Mitochondria are continuously involved in the processes of fission and fusion, which is essential for the proper functioning of cells. Mitochondria play an important metabolic role in all organ systems; therefore, they are specifically influenced by diseases which contribute in the process of aging. This book unravels the recent studies related to the role of the mitochondria in human aging and disease. It provides the readers with a thorough understanding of the subject.

Mitochondria are double-membrane-bound organelles found in eukaryotic cells. They build cable-like structures and deliver energy to cells with the help of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) process. Aging causes a wide range of interrelated conditions and is also a leading cause of various human diseases. The age-associated changes in mitochondria are linked with deterioration in mitochondrial function. The accumulation of oxidative damage and mutations caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial functionality, and DNA volume and integrity decline with age. Mitochondrial dysfunction includes an increase in oxidative damage and a reduction in oxidative capacity, and plays a significant role in biological aging. The accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria occurs in all the tissues with aging, including brain, liver and skeletal muscle. These dysfunctional mitochondria are marked and removed through an autophagic process named mitophagy. Mitochondrial dysfunction occurs in many neurodegenerative diseases such as Huntington's disease (HD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Parkinson's disease (PD), Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). This book explores all the important aspects of mitochondrial dysfunction and its impact on aging and diseases. Experts and students actively engaged in researches on mitochondrial dysfunction will find it full of crucial and unexplored concepts.