Bøger af Juan Carlos Gómez Méndez

O ano de 2023 foi o mais quente de que há registo, de acordo com o Serviço de Alterações Climáticas do Copernicus. A temperatura média global foi de 1,48 °C. Este aumento deveu-se às emissões de gases com efeito de estufa e à desflorestação, que fizeram subir a temperatura dos oceanos e da atmosfera. O ano de 2023 foi marcado por ondas de calor extremas, secas, incêndios, inundações e tempestades. Esta investigação efectuou uma caraterização da variável variação da temperatura média global, foi aplicado um teste de normalidade aos dados utilizando a análise de Shapiro Wilk, verificou-se que a variação da temperatura média global se desvia da média, a projeção futura utilizando o modelo de previsão de regressão linear, ano a ano a partir de 2024 indica que irá aumentar até 2030, resultando numa temperatura global de 1,5 °C em 2026; Esta situação afectará gravemente a saúde de cerca de 350 milhões de pessoas que ficarão sem acesso a água potável, expostas a temperaturas extremas de calor ou de frio intenso e em risco de morte.

The year 2023 was the warmest year in history since records have been kept, according to the Copernicus Climate Change Service. The global average temperature was 1.48 °C. This increase was due to greenhouse gas emissions, deforestation that raised ocean and atmospheric temperatures. The year 2023 was marked by extreme heat waves, droughts, fires, floods and storms. This research performed a characterization of the global average temperature change variable, a normality test was applied to the data through the Shapiro Wilk analysis, it was found that the global average temperature change deviates from the average, the future projection through the linear regression forecast model, year by year since 2024 indicates that it will increase until 2030, resulting in the year 2026 the temperature of the planet will be 1.5°C; This will seriously affect the health of some 350 million inhabitants who will be left without access to drinking water, exposed to extreme heat or freezing temperatures, and will be at risk of death.

2023 god stal samym teplym za wsü istoriü nablüdenij, soglasno dannym sluzhby klimaticheskih izmenenij Copernicus. Srednqq global'naq temperatura sostawila 1,48 °C. Jeto powyshenie bylo wyzwano wybrosami parnikowyh gazow, wyrubkoj lesow, chto priwelo k powysheniü temperatury okeana i atmosfery. 2023 god byl otmechen äxtremal'nymi wolnami zhary, zasuhami, pozharami, nawodneniqmi i shtormami. V dannom issledowanii byla prowedena harakteristika peremennoj izmeneniq srednej global'noj temperatury, k dannym byl primenen test na normal'nost' s pomosch'ü analiza Shapiro-Uilka, bylo ustanowleno, chto izmenenie srednej global'noj temperatury otklonqetsq ot srednego znacheniq, prognoz na buduschee s ispol'zowaniem modeli linejnogo regressionnogo prognoza, nachinaq s 2024 goda, pokazywaet, chto ona budet rasti do 2030 goda, w rezul'tate chego w 2026 godu global'naq temperatura sostawit 1,5 °C; Jeto ser'ezno powliqet na zdorow'e okolo 350 millionow chelowek, kotorye ostanutsq bez dostupa k chistoj pit'ewoj wode, podwergnutsq wozdejstwiü äxtremal'noj zhary ili nizkih temperatur i riskuüt umeret'.

Il 2023 è stato l'anno più caldo mai registrato, secondo il Copernicus Climate Change Service. La temperatura media globale è stata di 1,48 °C. Questo aumento è dovuto alle emissioni di gas serra e alla deforestazione che hanno innalzato le temperature degli oceani e dell'atmosfera. L'anno 2023 è stato caratterizzato da ondate di calore estreme, siccità, incendi, inondazioni e tempeste. Questa ricerca ha effettuato una caratterizzazione della variabile variazione della temperatura media globale, è stato applicato un test di normalità ai dati utilizzando l'analisi di Shapiro Wilk, è emerso che la variazione della temperatura media globale si discosta dalla media, la proiezione futura utilizzando il modello di previsione di regressione lineare, anno per anno a partire dal 2024, indica che aumenterà fino al 2030, portando a una temperatura globale di 1,5 °C nel 2026; Ciò avrà gravi ripercussioni sulla salute di circa 350 milioni di persone che non avranno accesso all'acqua potabile, saranno esposte a temperature estreme e al gelo e rischieranno di morire.

L'année 2023 a été l'année la plus chaude jamais enregistrée, selon le Copernicus Climate Change Service. La température moyenne mondiale était de 1,48 °C. Cette augmentation est due aux émissions de gaz à effet de serre, à la déforestation qui a fait monter les températures des océans et de l'atmosphère. L'année 2023 a été marquée par des vagues de chaleur extrêmes, des sécheresses, des incendies, des inondations et des tempêtes. Cette recherche a permis de caractériser la variable du changement de la température moyenne mondiale, un test de normalité a été appliqué aux données en utilisant l'analyse de Shapiro Wilk, il a été constaté que le changement de la température moyenne mondiale s'écarte de la moyenne, la projection future en utilisant le modèle de prévision de régression linéaire, année par année à partir de 2024 indique qu'elle augmentera jusqu'en 2030, ce qui aboutira à une température mondiale de 1,5 ° C en 2026 ; Cela affectera gravement la santé de quelque 350 millions de personnes qui n'auront plus accès à l'eau potable, seront exposées à des chaleurs extrêmes ou à des températures glaciales et risqueront de mourir.

Nach Angaben des Copernicus Climate Change Service war das Jahr 2023 das wärmste Jahr seit Beginn der Aufzeichnungen. Die globale Durchschnittstemperatur lag bei 1,48 °C. Dieser Anstieg war auf Treibhausgasemissionen und die Abholzung von Wäldern zurückzuführen, die die Temperaturen der Ozeane und der Atmosphäre erhöhten. Das Jahr 2023 war durch extreme Hitzewellen, Dürren, Brände, Überschwemmungen und Stürme gekennzeichnet. Im Rahmen dieser Untersuchung wurde eine Charakterisierung der Variablen für die Veränderung der globalen Durchschnittstemperatur vorgenommen. Die Daten wurden mit Hilfe der Shapiro-Wilk-Analyse auf ihre Normalität hin überprüft, und es wurde festgestellt, dass die globale Durchschnittstemperatur vom Durchschnitt abweicht; die Zukunftsprojektion mit Hilfe des linearen Regressionsprognosemodells zeigt, dass die Temperatur ab 2024 Jahr für Jahr bis 2030 ansteigen wird, was zu einer globalen Temperatur von 1,5 °C im Jahr 2026 führt; Dies wird schwerwiegende Auswirkungen auf die Gesundheit von etwa 350 Millionen Menschen haben, die keinen Zugang zu sauberem Trinkwasser haben werden, extremer Hitze oder eisiger Kälte ausgesetzt sind und in Lebensgefahr schweben.

Kolumbien ist das Land mit der zweithöchsten Mordrate in Lateinamerika, was unter anderem auf den seit Jahrzehnten andauernden internen bewaffneten Konflikt zurückzuführen ist. Die Mordrate ist seit 2014 nicht mehr gesunken und ist auch die dritthöchste der Welt. Im Rahmen dieser Untersuchung soll anhand von Statistiken das Verhalten von Männern, Frauen und Minderjährigen bei Tötungsdelikten in den letzten fünf Jahren untersucht werden. Die Tötungsdelikte werden in den Departements Antioquia, Atlántico, Bolívar, Córdoba, Cundinamarca und Valle del Cauca nach der Art des Tatwerkzeugs (Messer, Schusswaffe, Sprengstoff und stumpfe Waffen) analysiert, wobei die Daten mit einem Shapiro-Wilk-Test und einer ANOVA ausgewertet wurden. Für die prognostizierten Tötungsdelikte für das Jahr 2023 wurden Konfidenzgrenzen ermittelt, die bis zum 31. Dezember 2023 zwischen 10.552 und 13.540 Tötungsdelikten liegen werden.

This research conducted a characterization of the variable CO2 emissions and vehicle fleet, a normality test was applied to the data using the Shapiro Wilk analysis, a Pearson correlation test that resulted in a weak correlation of r=-0.2785 due to the increased participation of non-conventional renewable sources in the country's energy matrix, a future projection was made using the least squares model, year by year from 2023 to 2030, resulting in the year 2024 CO2 emissions of 74.However, due to the substantial increase in the number of vehicles, the model yielded probable CO2 emission limits for the next eight (8) years of between 74,266.59 and 90,651.98 CO2 emissions in Colombia.

Spain is the third most visited country by tourists from all over the world; this research seeks to know the behavior of the occupancy in extra-hotel tourist accommodations, taking into account that many tourists choose these small establishments for price reasons. This research will seek to know the extra-hotel tourist performance by years by means of ANOVA analysis, of two tourist variables, Overnight Stays and Average Stay; the Pearson correlation coefficient will be sought to determine the relationship between them if it is strong or weak; all the above by means of the data supplied by the Spanish Institute of Statistics-INE of the last 23 years.

The Ministry of the Interior released the official crime figures for the year 2022 in Italy where 383 homicides were committed, 25.2% more than in 2021, in this year 2023 a wave of homicides ignites the alarms in Rome. This research seeks to know through statistics the behavior and the trend of homicides in Italy. The homicides where the victims were men, women and homicides committed by family members were analyzed by means of a characterization of the subjects, an ANOVA, shapiro Wilk and Pearson correlation test to analyze the similarities, differences and trends of the homicides. We found the estimated confidence limits for the future and found that the number of total homicides will be between 422 and 528 by the end of 2023 and between 423 and 527 by the end of 2024.

Global warming has serious consequences for the environment and life on the planet, such as rising sea levels, melting glaciers, altered weather patterns, loss of biodiversity, ocean acidification and an increase in extreme weather events. To mitigate global warming, it is necessary to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and adopt measures to adapt to climate change. This research conducted a characterization of the global mean temperature change variable, a normality test was applied to the data using the Shapiro Wilk analysis, and it was found that the global mean temperature change deviates slowly from the mean, The future projection using the least squares model year by year from 2023 to 2030 gave as a result that in 2024 the temperature of the planet will be at 1.3 °C and will increase until 2030 up to 1.5 °C resulting in, among many anomalies, loss of biodiversity, death of almost all the coral reefs, in summer the Arctic would have no ice, increase of the sea level by 40 meters.

The data provided by datosmacro.expansion.com gives us an overview of a worrying social problem, only in 2021 suicides in Germany grew by seven (7) people, up to 9,290 suicides per year, therefore, in Germany 25 people commit suicide every day. This research sought to gain statistical insight into the behavior of suicides in Germany. The suicides were analyzed by gender, by means of a characterization of the subjects, a shapiro Wilk test, ANOVA, Pearson's Correlation test and the estimated confidence limits for the future were found and it was found that the suicides will be between 9730 and 10252 by December 31, 2023 and between 9735 and 10247 by the end of the year 2024.

The statistics of the National Statistics Institute (INE) on crimes of sexual assault and abuse provide an overview of the incidence and characteristics of these criminal offenses in Spain. According to INE data, in 2020, 13,811 complaints were registered for crimes against sexual freedom and indemnity, of which 2,045 were for sexual assaults with penetration and 11,766 for other types of sexual abuse. This research sought to obtain statistical information on the behavior of sexual aggressions and abuses of persons charged and convicted in Spain. Sexual aggressions and abuses were analyzed through a characterization of the subjects, a shapiro Wilk test, ANOVA and confidence limits were found and it was found that the sentences for sexual aggressions will be between 18.9 and 38.2 and the sentences for sexual abuses will be between 28.6 and 43.8 and according to the organic law 10/2022 the total sentences for sexual aggressions will be between 50.1 and 79.6 by December 31, 2023.

Colombia is the country with the second highest homicide rate in Latin America, due among others to the internal armed conflict that has existed for decades and the homicide rate has not decreased since 2014, it is also the third highest rate worldwide. This research seeks to know through statistics the behavior of homicides for men, women and minors in the last five years. Homicides will be analyzed by the type of instruments, such as knife, firearm, explosives and blunt weapons, in the departments of Antioquia, Atlántico, Bolívar, Córdoba, Cundinamarca and Valle del Cauca, the data were analyzed by means of a shapiro Wilk test, ANOVA. Confidence limits were found for homicides projected for the year 2023 and will be between 10,552 and 13,540 homicides by December 31, 2023.

Spain is one of the countries with the lowest homicide rate in Europe, therefore, the objective of this research is to know the behavior of homicides and criminality by autonomous community. This research will investigate the behavior of two variables, homicide and criminality for a year from 2010 through ANOVA analysis; the Pearson correlation coefficient will be sought to determine the relationship between these two variables if this relationship is strong or weak; all the above using data provided by the Statistical Institute of Spain-INE.

Spain is a technological reference for developing countries such as Latin America; Spain's national statistics institute provides data on the use of ICT and e-commerce in companies, using this data we will look for the minimum performance of the dimensions of internet connection, social networks and e-commerce, for companies with less than 10 employees and for companies with more than 10 employees. We will determine which dimension has a better trend in performance by types of companies. a Shapiro Wilk normality test will be performed for the two groups of companies. The minimum performance of the dimensions and type of company will be determined by the value of the mean and we will look for the standard deviation to determine how far it departs from the minimum performance.

Within the Office of the Attorney General of the Nation at its headquarters in the city of Monteria, there have been complaints and comments about the quality of service provided by officials who work there. In the opinion of the employees, the atmosphere within the entity is tense and stressful for them. For this reason, this research aims to determine the relationship between the organizational climate and the quality of the service provided by the employees of the organization. In order to develop it, a quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional correlational study was carried out. The study population consisted of 52 employees of the entity to whom the organizational climate questionnaire of Litwin and Stringer was applied and 52 users of the services provided by the office to whom the SERVPERF questionnaire was applied. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 27 software, using Spearman's correlation formula, since the variables showed non-normal behavior. As a result of the analysis it was found that there was a correlation of -0.002 between the study variables.

Animal abuse is a very frequent environmental problem in Colombia. The importance of this research is to know the perception of the citizens of the municipality of Monteria, Cordoba, in relation to the environmental management carried out by the Mayor's Office of Monteria to prevent animal abuse. Due to the abandonment and abuses that have occurred in the city of Monteria for several years, it is very important to know how this environmental management has been. The methodology used is quantitative data through a survey and qualitative data through documentary research supported by a descriptive correlational SWOT analysis. This research will serve as an environmental management tool for the Secretary of Government of the Mayor's Office of Monteria and as a model of study and experience for the mayor's offices of the department of Cordoba and Colombia.