Bøger af Jun Wan

DNA methylation is the modification of DNA molecule, transferring methy group to the 5th position of the cytosine pyrimidine ring. This biochemical process plays a crucial role in many cellular processes of higher organisms. For example, people have found distinct patterns of DNA methylation during cellular differentiation and tissue development. The differential DNA methylation profiles are often associated with gene expression. In addition, DNA methylation reveals genomic imprinting and affects on chromatin remodeling and cellular homeostasis. Such epigenetic modification has also been proven to be involved in nearly all cancer-related signaling pathways. However, the mechanism and process against how DNA methylation regulates gene expression are still not clear. The study of DNA methylation and its regulation on gene expression provides fundamental and new insights into the genetic heritability. In Chapter 1, Gene duplication event of NAC transcription factor genes in rice and Arabidopsis was analyzed, then it was found that chromosomal segment duplications mainly contributed to the expansion of both species, whereas tandem duplication occurred less frequently in Arabidopsis than rice. Chapter 2 reviews the current literature related to the epigenetics of alcoholism and summarizes our advanced study of global DNA methylation in human post-mortem frontal cortex tissues obtained from adult alcoholics and controls utilizing new microarray technology and bioinformatics approaches. Chapter 3 gives a comprehensive synopsis over the epigenetic modifications involved in the regulation of bacterial gene expression as well as the patho-epigenetic modifications in eukaryotic host tissues triggered in the pathogenesis of particular Gram-negative bacterial infections. Both, basic molecular mechanisms and complex pathogenetic relations are described. Chapter 4 provides an epigenetic repressing mechanism for breast cancer metastasis by recruiting NuRD complex to ESR1 gene through TWIST1. Chapter 5 summarises most of mouse models that have helped us better understand the pathogenesis mechanism during the development of colitis. In Chapter 6, the authors review the various forms of presentation of celiac disease including the lymphocytic enteritis, along with their systemic manifestations. Chapter 7 provides an insight to inflammatory response in light of DNA regulation and methylation of key players. Because chronic inflammatory diseases do share common features, recent progress in our understanding of renal fibrosis and inflammation in chronic kidney disease will be discussed as an example of epigenetic regulation in inflammatory diseases. Chapter 8 summarizes the regulation of gene expression in pterygium. Pterygium is an ocular surface disease and its pathogenesis is currently unknown. Here, the genetic and epigenetic changes in the disease are explored. Chapter 9 summaries the basics and applications of recently proposed MiRaGE method that infer miRNA-mediated regulation of target genes and miRNA-targeting-specific promoter methylation. The applications to differentiation, cell senescence, and miRNA transfection to lung cancer celll lines are discussed. Chapter 10 proposes the role of AP-1 chromatin modulator Jun dimerization protein 2 (JDP2) on antioxidant response and inhibition of ROS production via Nrf2-ARE signaling, as well as the induction of replicative senescence. Chapter 11 compares expression profiles of mRNAs, microRNAs and proteins of human embryonic stem cells hES-T3 grown on different feeders and conditioned media. Chapter 12 reviews the most recent molecular markers of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and shows some innovative perspectives on this topic from the point of view of gene therapy. In addition, non-viral gene therapy based on the non-toxic C-terminal fragment of the tetanus toxin (TTC) will also be discussed.

This book revises and expands upon the prior edition of Multi-Modal Face Presentation Attack Detection. The authors begin with fundamental and foundational information on face spoofing attack detection, explaining why the computer vision community has intensively studied it for the last decade. The authors also discuss the reasons that cause face anti-spoofing to be essential for preventing security breaches in face recognition systems. In addition, the book describes the factors that make it difficult to design effective methods of face presentation attack detection challenges. The book presents a thorough review and evaluation of current techniques and identifies those that have achieved the highest level of performance in a series of ChaLearn face anti-spoofing challenges at CVPR and ICCV. The authors also highlight directions for future research in face anti-spoofing that would lead to progress in the field. Additional analysis, new methodologies, and a more comprehensive survey of solutions are included in this new edition.

For the last ten years, face biometric research has been intensively studied by the computer vision community. Face recognition systems have been used in mobile, banking, and surveillance systems. For face recognition systems, face spoofing attack detection is a crucial stage that could cause severe security issues in government sectors. Although effective methods for face presentation attack detection have been proposed so far, the problem is still unsolved due to the difficulty in the design of features and methods that can work for new spoofing attacks. In addition, existing datasets for studying the problem are relatively small which hinders the progress in this relevant domain.In order to attract researchers to this important field and push the boundaries of the state of the art on face anti-spoofing detection, we organized the Face Spoofing Attack Workshop and Competition at CVPR 2019, an event part of the ChaLearn Looking at People Series. As part of this event, we released the largest multi-modal face anti-spoofing dataset so far, the CASIA-SURF benchmark. The workshop reunited many researchers from around the world and the challenge attracted more than 300 teams. Some of the novel methodologies proposed in the context of the challenge achieved state-of-the-art performance. In this manuscript, we provide a comprehensive review on face anti-spoofing techniques presented in this joint event and point out directions for future research on the face anti-spoofing field.