Bøger af Kemal Yildirim

This book examines the late British philosopher¿s consideration of contemporary societies, both East and West. Ernest Gellner, who died on 5 November 1995, was one of the great polymaths of the century. Many of his twenty books were concerned with philosophy, sociology and anthropology. Yet at the core of his work was an historical question. Ernest Gellner was born in 1925 in Paris, but grew up in the culturally diverse environment of interwar Prague. The annexation of the Sudetenland by Nazi Germany and the growing rise of anti-Semitism in the German-controlled protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia forced his family to emigrate and settle in London in 1939. Gellner adapted quickly to the new life in England and won an Oxford scholarship to study philosophy, economics, and politics. At Oxford Gellner was exposed to Wittgenstein inspired idealist philosophy of language, which deeply conflicted with his already discernible materialist understanding of the social world. With the end of war Gellner longed to return to Prague, but this proved to be a futile attempt as he became profoundly disillusioned with the new Czechoslovak state¿s gradual embrace of the Soviet ideology.

From the Treaty on European Union (1992) to the Treaty of Lisbon (2007), democracy became a central element in the constitutionalization of the European Union (EU). Over these twenty-five years the constitutionalization of democracy occurred in two primary respects. First, the controversy over the ratification of the TEU led to a series of treaty reforms to address the EU¿s ¿democratic deficit.¿ These reforms culminated in the Lisbon Treaty (LT). Second, the EU made the transfer of democratic forms of rule to non-member states a key component of its membership policy. It is now the case that only democratic countries can be members of the Democratic Union. The constitutionalization of democracy is one of the most important transformations in the history of the European project. It is also one of the most significant experiments in democracy in world history. The democratic reform of internal governance and the creation of the democratic criterion for membership are two key aspects in the culmination of the transformation of the EU from an economic entity (albeit one with obvious political goals) to one with explicit democratic ends and means.

There have been hypothesized many causes of war. This book looks at the idea that nationalism and social Darwinism are major influences on the continuation war and conflict in modern societies. The nuclear revolution, the end of the Cold War, the rise of ethno-national conflicts and the spread of global capitalism and democracy have led to considerable speculation about a turning point in the history of warfare. Some foresee an ¿end of history¿ and gradual obsolescence of war, or at least of great power war, whereas others see an explosion of low-intensity warfare and ¿clash of civilizations¿. Each of these perspectives rests on some critical assumptions and theoretical propositions about the causes of war. My aim in this review is to assess the state of the art in our understanding of the causes of war. Nearly 20 years ago two leading international relations scholars argued, from different perspectives that our systematic knowledge of international conflict had progressed very little since Thucydides wrote his History of the Peloponnesian War.

This book argues that neoliberalism is not beneficial to the democratic process. In which it discusses the Middle East and other examples of neoliberal economies, which have not been successful. Neoliberalism has become a term that is more often used than fully understood in academic discussions, popular writings on the economy and/ or the news media. There is a large and growing library of books on the subject, yet still students from undergraduate to PhD level, as well as academics and other commentators, use the term as if we all knew what it meant, and as a catchall prejudicial accusation levelled at any aspect of the contemporary political economy they find unacceptable or malign. Neoliberalism is based on the idea of ignoring fundamental human needs. The success of neoliberal political strategies rests on a mixture of rhetoric and control of democracy¿s major local and global institutions. It is also based on the erosion of the key actors and institutions that are the main underpinnings of contemporary democracies such as pressure groups, civic organizations, and educational institutes.

Augustine considers the Christian scriptures to constitute the touchstone against which philosophy ¿ including political philosophy ¿ must be assayed, his worldview necessarily includes the Christian tenets of the Creation, the Fall of man, and the Redemption. In stark contrast to the pagan philosophers who preceded him ¿ who viewed the unfolding of history as a cyclical phenomenon, Augustine conceives history in strict linear terms, with a beginning and an end. According to Augustine, a perfectly good and just God, who created man, brought the earth into existence ex nihilo. The earth is not eternal; the earth, as well as time, has both a beginning and an end. Man, on the other hand, was brought into existence to endure eternally. Damnation is the just desert of all men because of the Fall of Adam, who, having been created with free will, chose to disrupt the perfectly good order established by God. As the result of Adam¿s fall, all human beings are heirs to the effects of Adam¿s original sin, and all are vessels of pride, avarice, greed and self-interest.

This book discusses of Samuel Huntington¿s Clash of Civilizations and Conservatism as an ideology in the thought of Samuel Huntington. On January 3, 1992 a meeting of Russian and American scholars took place in the auditorium of a government building in Moscow. Two weeks earlier the Soviet Union had ceased to exist and the Russian Federation had become an independent country. As a result, the statue of Lenin, which previously graced the stage of the auditorium, had disappeared and instead the flag of the Russian Federation was now displayed on the front wall. The only problem, one American observed, was that the flag had been hung upside down. After this was pointed out to the Russian hosts, they quickly and quietly corrected the error during the first intermission. The years after the Cold War witnessed the beginnings of dramatic changes in peoples' identities and the symbols of those identities. Global politics began to be reconfigured along cultural lines. Upside-down flags were a sign of the transition, but more and more the flags are flying high and true, and Russians and other people are mobilizing and marching behind these and other symbols of their new cultural identities.

This book, which looks at the way in which earlier philosophical structures, in particular Stoicism and the works of Aristotle, have influenced and contributed to Christian principles of moral value, integrity and the definition of the social order in relation to the universe.Stoicism is a school of philosophy that hails from ancient Greece and Rome in the early parts of the 3rd century, BC. It is a philosophy of life that maximizes positive emotions, reduces negative emotions and helps individuals to hone their virtues of character.Simply put, Stoicism was designed to help people live their best possible lives. At any moment, in any situation, and at any stage of life, Stoicism provides a framework for living well. It reminds people of what is truly important, providing practical strategies to get more of what is valuable. Stoicism was deliberately created to be understandable, actionable and useful. Practicing Stoicism doesn¿t require learning a new philosophical lexicon or meditating for hours a day.

This book discovers on the Malaysian tribe of the Kadazandusuns and how poverty is impacting them. Also to examine the effect of the ethnic self-identity of the Kadazandusun people on their cultural heritage. Kadazandusun has its special traditional rituals and slight differences in the design of their traditional costume, their dialect and their traditional music rhythm. However, we believe all these sub-ethnicities of the Kadazandusun within the Dusunic language family share a broad similarity in terms of their cultural heritage and ways of life. Back in the 1960s, the KadazanDusun made up 40 per cent of the total population of Sabah, but now they only make up 18 per cent and the Murut only three per cent of the State¿s population of more than three million. The focus of this study is the Kadazandusun. In Sabah, there are 32 officially recognized ethnic groups with their own culture; traditional culture still influences the everyday life of most Sabahans. We were interested in examining the effect of ethnic self-identity that we believe may derive from traditional music and traditional costume¿s on the sense of community and its four types of the Kadazandusun community in Sabah.

This book considers this tribe of the Colombian Amazon. Traditional life ways are described alongside contemporary threats to those life ways The Nukak live between the Guaviare and Inírida rivers in southeast Colombia. They are one of six groups known as the ¿Makü peoples, all nomadic hunter-gatherers living in the headwaters of the northwest Amazon basin. Traditionally, the Nukak live in small groups, between nine and thirty people, in the very deep forest away from the rivers. They are One of Colombia's last nomadic peoples, the few hundred remaining people of the Nukak branch of the Maku people, spend several months of each year working for another indigenous group, Tukano. Tukano are among the most politically active of lowland groups, although not all are members of the Regional Council of Vaupés Indians (CRIVA), a federation founded in 1973 with members from some 35 different ethnic groups. Many Tukano are hostile to CRIVA, considering it an organization created by whites, and one which has had little influence. The Tukano language was formerly known as Betoya, today Middle Tukano is called Kubeo.

This book discusses the major themes of Ernest Hemingway's collection of short stories, "In Our Time." The main stories focused on include "Indian Camp," "Cat in the Rain," "The Big-Hearted River," and "The End of Things." This book also discusses the definition of Hemingway's Code Hero. Examples of the code hero are given from Farewell to Arms, The Sun Also Rises an... This book also considers the factors that resulted in the so-called Lost Generation.Ernest Hemingway was born in a suburb of Chicago. He was educated in the public schools and began to write in high school, where he was active and outstanding. The parts of his boyhood that mattered most to him were summers spent with his family on Walloon Lake, near Petoskey, Michigan. Ernest Hemingway, in full Ernest Miller Hemingway, (born July 21, 1899, Cicero [now in Oak Park], Illinois, US ¿ died July 2, 1961, Ketchum, Idaho), American novelist and short-story writer, awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1954. He was noted both for the intense masculinity of his writing and for his adventurous and widely publicized life.

This book is about the discussion of the similarities between John Locke's philosophy of government and that of Immanuel Kant. Notes that each had very definitive ideas of individual rights and the relation of those rights to law and government. Contends that in practically every respect the John Locke's idea of government can be demonstrated to be fully compatible with Immanuel Kant's thesis in "Idea for a Universal History¿. A government is the system or group of people governing an organized community, often a state, but also other entities, for example, a company. In the case of its broad associative definition, the government normally consists of legislature, executive, and judiciary. Government is a means, by which organizational policies are enforced, as well as a mechanism for determining policy. Each government has a kind of constitution, a statement of its governing principles and philosophy. Typically the philosophy chosen is some balance between the principle of individual freedom and the idea of absolute state authority (tyranny).

The Amish and Mennonites both originated from the Anabaptist movement (those who rejected infant baptism) in Europe. In 1693, a Swiss Anabaptist leader named Jacob Ammann expressed his concern that the church was conforming too much to the world, and was failing to practice what he believed was the proper form of Biblical church discipline, shunning. Those who followed Ammann formed what would become the Amish church.In the centuries that followed, Amish communities became known for their plain dress, mustache-less beards, head coverings, buggies, and simple lifestyle. Many Mennonite communities, however, engage in some of these same practices. So, how can you tell the difference?Mennonite men may or may not have a beard, straw hat, or suspenders. In fact, many Mennonite men look no different from any other ¿English¿ man walking down the street. That said, they could also look almost exactly like the Amish fellas yoüve seen in pictures and on Lancaster County postcards! This is because there are a vast array of Mennonite sects, with different communities having different rules regarding their appearance and interaction with the world.

The Republic of Seychelles is an Indian Ocean state made up of 155 separate islands spread over 457 square kilometres. It has a population of around 98,000 (2019). It gained independence from Britain in 1976. The official languages are Seychellois Creole, English and French. Seychelles is a presidential republic, whereby the President is both head of state and head of government. It has regular democratic elections and current President Danny Faure was elected in October 2016. A 1977 coup was a critical event in the country¿s history. Seychelles¿ economy relies heavily on tourism and fishing. With an Exclusive Economic Zone of approximately 1.3 million square kilometres, its blue economy sector is growing in importance. Seychelles is a member of the Commonwealth, the Southern African Development Community, the Indian Ocean Commission and the Indian Ocean Rim Association. It plays an active role in anti-piracy in the Indian Ocean, hosting the Indian Ocean Commissions¿ Maritime Security Coordination Centre.

The beginning of the relations between Cuba and Middle East countries can be traced to the mainly Ottoman era, especially to the time being when immigration occurred from Arab geography to the region, most particularly to Cuba. The grandchildren of those holding Ottoman passports are still referred to as ¿El Turco¿ in the region. Throughout the course of Cubäs independence, the Ottomans were very interested in this country, yet the United States as being dominant in the region, did not allow this rapprochement. Since 1960¿s, as Cuba closing itself to the capitalist world and the United States imposing an embargo, the relations had prevented from advancement. The study will question the advancement of relations between Cuba and Arab world as well as Turkey and Iran from political, economic and cultural aspects, meanwhile expectations and prospects for the future will also be mentioned.

One of the principle teachings of the Bahä¿i¿ Faith is that both men and women are equal, except in some minor instances, and that equality of the sexes is a spiritual and moral standard essential for the unification of the planet and a prerequisite for peace. Bahä¿i¿ teachings stress the importance of implementing this principle in individual, family, and community life. Nevertheless, the Bahä¿i¿ notion of the full spiritual and social equality of the two sexes does not imply sameness, so that gender distinction and differentiation are observed in certain areas of life. Significantly, while women can and do serve in an extensive range of elected and appointed positions within the faith at both national and international levels, they are not permitted to serve as members of the Universal House of Justice, the supreme governing institution of the Bahä¿i¿ Faith.

Kurdish is heir to a rich and extensive, but now mainly oral, literature extending back into pre-Islamic times. A large portion of the written literature has been lost to over eight centuries of nomadic dislocation into and through Kurdistan, leaving behind only fragments. Although now spoken by a minority of Kurds, Gurâni is claimant to the oldest extant literary pieces in Kurdish. Pahlawâni in general, and particularly Gurâni and its dialects, once enjoyed an unusual status as the language of high culture and literature. In all dialects of Kurmânji, Gurâni now simply means ¿lyric poetry¿ or ¿balladry.¿ This vernacular, along with its dialect Awrâmani/ Hewrâmi, was in fact, until early modern times the language of polite society and belles lettres in most of Kurdistan, irrespective of the dominant spoken local dialect. The Kurdish princely house of Ardalân (1198-1867) spoke Gurâni until its final removal. Not surprisingly, all of the oldest surviving literary pieces in Kurdish are in Pahlawâni.