Bøger af Martin Pfeiffer

Kurux (Oraon), with Malto and Brahui a member of the North Dravidian subfamily of the Dravidian languages, is spoken primarily in the Indian state of Jharkhand. The objective of the present study is to investigate the evolution of the Kurux phonemic system. This evolution can be described as a sequence of the Proto-Dravidian stage, the processes of sound change thatfollowed upon this stage, the Pre-Kurux-Malto stage, and the further processes of sound change which led to modern Kurux. Both stages and both sets of processes of sound change are reconstructed in detail, proceeding from the Kurux etyma included in the revised edition of the Dravidian Etymological Dictionary (1984), from which selections had to be made, however: Items of non-Dravidian (Indo-Aryan, Munda, Persian) origin as well as doubtful cases had to be identified and left out of account, so that the Proto-Dravidian reconstructions presented here are based on only 43 per cent of the Kurux etyma registered in the revised edition of the Dravidian Etymological Dictionary. Additional subjects dealt with include identification of the comparative evidence available for Proto-North-Dravidian, discussion of features that can serve as isoglosses for the North Dravidian subfamily, and considerations regarding the original home of the speakers of North Dravidian languages.

Doubtless Sanskrit must be called a difficult language. This is a fact that cannot be helped. But even though nothing can be done about the language itself, some thoughts may be given to the preparation of teaching aids that can make the task of learning Sanskrit less arduous. The present collection of texts comprises 30 specimens from original literary works written in Sanskrit, which have been chosen employing objective criteria regarding script and language, and which are suitable as first reading material for learners who have already acquired a certain familiarity with Sanskrit grammar and lexicon. However, the choice of texts has not been guided by formal criteria alone, but also by considerations regarding content: For the most part, the specimens belong to the narrative genre; they have been taken from narrative literature, from the epics Mah¿bh¿rata and R¿m¿yana, and from the Pur¿nas. It goes without saying that all texts are printed in Devan¿gar¿ characters.

Studies in Interactional Linguistics have provided impressive evidence of the systematic use of vocal, verbal, and visual resources in social interaction. While members of the field have discussed what role these resources play in a grammar of social interaction, they have focused primarily on lexico-syntactic structures. The contributions to the present volume, however, focus on prosody and embodiment, exploring the role prosody plays in interactional meaning-making and how visual-spatial resources such as gesture and gaze relate to the use of verbal and vocal resources. This volume includes contributions on Danish, English, French, German, and Swedish interaction, with a primary focus on Interactional Linguistics and additional work from multimodal corpora. This volume will be of theoretical and methodological interest to readers with a background in Linguistics, Conversation Analysis, and multimodal corpora.

Diese Studie aus dem Bereich der Interaktionalen Linguistik beschreibt und erklart erstmals umfassend die Struktur selbstinitiierter Selbstreparaturen im Deutschen. Auf der Grundlage von uber 2500 Selbstreparaturen aus spontansprachlichen Tonaufnahmen wird ein Modell entwickelt, das die Syntax von Selbstreparaturen als ein Ergebnis des Wettstreits miteinander konkurrierender Faktoren erklart. Dieses Modell, in dessen Zentrum das Streben der Sprecher nach einer moglichst schnellen Beseitigung des Reparandums steht, sagt die Position des Abbruchpunkts und des Retraktionspunkts vorher. Zudem werden weitere Aspekte der Selbstreparatur in die Analyse einbezogen: die Selbstreparaturmarker (z.B. ah), die Selbstreparaturoperationen (z.B. Substitution und Insertion) und die verschiedenen Typen von Reparanda.Die Studie eroffnet eine neue Perspektive auf die Selbstreparatur als hochgradig strukturiertes gesprochensprachliches Phanomen und zeigt daruber hinaus, dass sich aus Reparaturstrukturen auch Erkenntnisse uber die Syntax des Deutschen ganz allgemein ableiten lassen. Insgesamt leistet die Arbeit einen Beitrag zum Verstandnis des konversationellen Reparatursystems und zur Entwicklung einer Interaktionalen Grammatik.