Bøger af Max Schmidt

This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book. ++++ The below data was compiled from various identification fields in the bibliographic record of this title. This data is provided as an additional tool in helping to ensure edition identification: ++++ Grundriss Der Ethnologischen Volkswirtschaftslehre: Die Soziale Organisation Der Menschlichen Wirtschaft; Volume 1 Of Grundriss Der Ethnologischen Volkswirtschaftslehre; Max Schmidt Max Schmidt F. Enke, 1920 Business & Economics; Economics; General; Business & Economics / Economics / General; Business & Economics / Economics / Theory; Economics

This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book. ++++ The below data was compiled from various identification fields in the bibliographic record of this title. This data is provided as an additional tool in helping to ensure edition identification: ++++ Grundlagen Einer Algenflora Der Luneburger Heide Max Schmidt Georg-August-Universitat zu Gottingen., 1903

This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book. ++++ The below data was compiled from various identification fields in the bibliographic record of this title. This data is provided as an additional tool in helping to ensure edition identification: ++++ Grundriss Der Ethnologischen Volkswirtschaftslehre: Der Soziale Wirtschaftsprozess Der Menschheit; Volume 2 Of Grundriss Der Ethnologischen Volkswirtschaftslehre Max Schmidt F. Enke, 1921 Economics

""Grundlagen einer Algenflora der L�����neburger Heide"" ist ein Buch von Max Schmidt aus dem Jahr 1903, das sich mit der Algenflora der L�����neburger Heide in Deutschland besch�����ftigt. Das Buch enth�����lt eine umfassende Beschreibung der verschiedenen Arten von Algen, die in der Region vorkommen, sowie Informationen zu ihrer Verbreitung, Morphologie und �����kologie. Es ist ein wichtiger Beitrag zur Erforschung der Algenflora in Deutschland und ein wertvolles Werkzeug f�����r Wissenschaftler und Studenten, die sich mit diesem Thema befassen. Das Buch ist in deutscher Sprache verfasst und verf�����gt �����ber zahlreiche Abbildungen und Tabellen, die die Beschreibungen der verschiedenen Arten veranschaulichen.""This Book Is In German.This scarce antiquarian book is a facsimile reprint of the old original and may contain some imperfections such as library marks and notations. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment for protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature in affordable, high quality, modern editions, that are true to their original work.

This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book.

""Grundlagen einer Algenflora der L�����neburger Heide"" ist ein Buch von Max Schmidt aus dem Jahr 1903. Das Werk besch�����ftigt sich mit der Algenflora in der L�����neburger Heide und stellt eine umfassende Studie zu diesem Thema dar. Schmidt beschreibt die verschiedenen Arten von Algen, die in der Region vorkommen, und gibt detaillierte Informationen zu ihrer Morphologie, Taxonomie und �����kologie. Das Buch ist reich illustriert und enth�����lt zahlreiche Zeichnungen und Fotografien, die die verschiedenen Algenarten zeigen. Es ist ein wichtiges Werk f�����r Biologen und Botaniker, die sich mit der Algenflora in Deutschland besch�����ftigen.""This Book Is In German.This scarce antiquarian book is a facsimile reprint of the old original and may contain some imperfections such as library marks and notations. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment for protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature in affordable, high quality, modern editions, that are true to their original work.

Die Aquarell-Malerei; Bemerkungen über die Technik derselben in ihrer Anwendung auf die Landschafts-Malerei. Dritte Auflage., wurde während der gesamten Menschheitsgeschichte als bedeutendes Werk angesehen, und um sicherzustellen, dass dieses Werk niemals verloren geht, haben wir Schritte unternommen, um seine Erhaltung zu gewährleisten, indem wir dieses Buch in einem zeitgemäßen Format für aktuelle und zukünftige Generationen neu herausgeben. Dieses gesamte Buch wurde neu abgetippt, neu gestaltet und neu formatiert. Da diese Bücher nicht aus gescannten Kopien bestehen, ist der Text lesbar und klar.

Research Paper (postgraduate) from the year 2020 in the subject Economics - Case Scenarios, grade: 1.0, School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London (Economics), course: Research Methods for International Development, language: English, abstract: This paper examines the following research questions: Who wins, who loses, how and why from a Just Transition (JT) in Rajasthan towards a higher share of renewable energies, in particular solar energy? How can the Republic of India reconcile its self-set and international goals of overcoming absolute and energy poverty as well as increasing energy security with current practices of training for and employment in the (renewable) energy sector? Which role do non-state actors play in Indiäs renewable energy sector to overcome these development challenges? In times of an accelerating climate change (CC), the Republic of India ¿ like most other states of the Global South ¿ is confronted with ever more developmental challenges. They are, however, particularly intertwined in the Indian context. Not only is the South Asian giant one of the world¿s most climate-vulnerable countries, understandable as ¿the degree to which a system is susceptible to, or unable to cope with, adverse effects of [CC], including climate variability and extremes¿, in addition, 22% of its population still lives beneath the international absolute poverty line of USD 1.90 per day. Confounding this, 168 million people, or 24% of the population, were classified as living in energy poverty, particularly in rural areas, in 2017.Crucially, these numbers neither imply that the remaining 76% of Indiäs population enjoy a high degree of energy security nor that these development aspects are highly distinct from each other. The opposite is more likely to be the case, considering the threat of CC to reinforce and deepen already existing inequalities. Furthermore, and exacerbating the prevalence of energy poverty when looking to the future, the world¿s second-largest nation is still severely dependent on coal and other fossil fuels. As much as 63% of its electricity are generated by combusting highly climate-damaging fossil sources of energy such as coalof which it possesses the fourth-largest reserves worldwide.

Essay from the year 2020 in the subject Politics - Environmental Policy, grade: 1.0, School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London (Center for International Studies and Diplomacy), course: Global Energy and Climate Policy, language: English, abstract: This essay will discuss the following questions: Should we support or oppose energy subsidies? After three decades, UN efforts to address climate change have reached a dead-end.In this essay, it will be argued that firstly, from a conceptual viewpoint, energy subsidies (ES) must not be considered a monolith. Secondly, from a more empirical viewpoint, it becomes clear that most ES benefit particular interests more than supposedly global economic and climatic interests, making the case for the opposition of these ES, whether they are fossil fuel subsidies (FFS) or such for renewable energy sources (RES). Firstly, as expressions of political will ES play different roles across time and national contexts and are anything but uniform. A widely accepted definition that includes both FFS and RES stems from the International Energy Agency (IEA 1999). It understands ES broadly as any government action that is directed primarily at the energy sector and lowers the cost of energy production, raises the price received by energy producers or lowers the price paid by energy consumers. These and further specifications are crucial since the notion of ES tends to hide more than the merely quantitative distinctness between FFS and RES. More precisely, it can be assumed that ES are ¿ to different extents ¿ interrelated with the energy trilemma as a central challenge for energy governance. This is since, depending on the respective national context, they might affect its three competing aims of environmental sustainability, economic competitiveness and energy security differently and are equally subject to their preference order.

Essay from the year 2020 in the subject Politics - International Politics - Topic: Development Politics, grade: 1.5, School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London (Development Studies), course: Battlefields of Methods, language: English, abstract: This essay sets out to trace the factors of why and how girls' education became such a prominent development policy agenda. For this purpose, several development organisations and the methodologies of well-known reports will be scrutinised from both quantitative and qualitative angles, including diverse understandings and common themes. Ultimately, a brief outlook will be given.In most parts of the Western world and beyond, almost no other topic of the development policy agenda can be considered as uncontested as the promotion of girls¿ education (GE). Going hand in hand with liberal human values and as a means of justification for other developmental interventions, promoting GE is frequently perceived as one of only a few ¿truly global¿ notions and indicators of progress. Chosen by the anti-extreme poverty ONE Campaign as the first two of their ¿10 quotes that tell us the importance of investing in girls¿ education¿, the quotes above highlight common themes associated with the empowerment of girls and women via the means of education: reasonable investment, societal progress and security. Hardly contestable if not deconstructed, these quotes simultaneously represent entry points for more critical discussions of the anything but uniform notion of GE by raising, among others, the questions of: Which forms of stability? Strong, free and educated in which regards? Can there be a single ¿real development¿? Can human beings be ¿(best) investments¿ at all?

Essay from the year 2020 in the subject Politics - Environmental Policy, grade: 1.0, School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London (Center for International Studies and Diplomacy), course: Climate Change Law and Policy, language: English, abstract: This essay will compare and contrast India and Pakistan¿s climate change laws and policies of approximately the last decade regarding three kinds of targets that are attributed high weight in their Intended Nationally Determined Contributions: Greenhouse gas emission reduction, emission intensity and efficiency as well as renewable energy (RE). This focus on mitigation efforts rather than adaptation efforts has been chosen since emerging economies are predicted to be ¿by far the most important source of future emission growth¿. Linked to this, the two states¿ main sources of emissions ¿ their electricity and energy sectors ¿ will be discussed throughout the essay. Overall, it is argued that despite similar starting points, Indiäs emission-related policies have grown more ambitious in recent years, compared to those of Pakistan ¿ but both countries¿ efforts still fall short of combatting climate change sufficiently.

Bachelor Thesis from the year 2019 in the subject Sociology - Religion, grade: 1.0, University of Leipzig (Institute of Sociology; Institute of Political Science), language: English, abstract: 25 years after the de jure end of apartheid, the notion of religious freedom is highly contested in South Africa (SA). With a population of roughly 55 million inhabitants (CIA 2018), SA is generally well-known for its religious plurality, as entailed in the term ¿rainbow nation¿. In the last few years, however, repeatedly unusual practices called for attention that supposedly abused the belief systems of congregants. According to the Commission for the Promotion and Protection of the Rights of Cultural, Religious and Linguistic Communities (CRL), some congregants, for example, were fed living rats and snakes or asked to drink petrol by their religious leaders (CRL 2017). This thesis aims to explore the case of SA as a prime example of how possible limits to rights related to the freedom of religion are societally negotiated and religious practices politicised. More precisely, the following research questions, as two sides of the same coin, will be scrutinised: (1) How do different social groups attempt to negotiate the extent to which the notion of freedom of religion can be stretched? (2) How do these groups negotiate when religious practices must come to an end in order to protect the earthly well-being of congregants?In order to answer these questions, a content analysis of the Report of the Hearings on the Commercialisation of Religion and Abuse of People's Belief Systems (henceforth ¿the Report¿), published by the CRL in 2017, as well as of affiliated documents and focal examples of media coverage was conducted. Additionally, I hold an interview with the CRL¿s Deputy Chairperson to shed more light both onto the self-understanding of the Commission and the background against which its Report was published. The CRL was chosen as the main unit of analysis as it is one of the few constitutional organs to exert some control over developments threatening people¿s well-being in SA¿s religious sector. It is expected that, considering the manifold constitutive tensions built into the legal architecture of post-apartheid SA (Burchardt 2017a), both the CRL¿s investigation itself as well as its recommendations are highly contested by most various groups. Moreover, since the abuse of people¿s belief system became a crucial point of political conflict for the first time in the post-apartheid era, it is also expected that no consensually agreeable solution to halting them can be found in the foreseeable future.

Essay from the year 2018 in the subject Politics - Environmental Policy, grade: 1,0, University of Edinburgh (School of Social and Political Sciences), course: Comparative Politics in a Globalized World, language: English, abstract: This essay will analyse one possible cause for addressing climate change with varying efforts that is often neglected in the climate policy literature: countries¿ vulnerability to climate-related risks (e.g. floods, droughts, tropical storms). Under the most important factors that influence the degree to which a country is vulnerable are its geographical location and level of economic development. Hence, exacerbated by their dependency on especially vulnerable economic sectors such as agriculture, low-income countries face the biggest climate-related risks.Generally, two ways of addressing climate change can be differentiated: adaptation and mitigation. While most of the adaptation literature to the minimization of climate-related risks is about strategies of developing countries, literature about their mitigation efforts ¿ understood here as policy decisions to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions ¿ is still rare. A similar picture can be drawn for emerging economies ¿ countries that are not recognised as industrialised countries, despite the high growth rates of their Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and newly emerging middle classes. Thus, the question can be raised to what extent vulnerability is a reason for them to address climate change.To explore this topic, I will firstly lay out a research design (Most Similar Systems) that enables us to compare the vulnerability and mitigation efforts of Brazil, India and South Africa. I will focus on these countries and their mitigation efforts since they are among the biggest emerging economies which are, in general, expected to be ¿by far the most important source of future emission growth¿ (Urpelainen and van de Graaf 2017: 6). Based on my findings in the subsequent analysis, it can be said that a country¿s vulnerability to climate-related risks plays no significant role in mitigating GHG emissions and consequently addressing climate change. This main argument will be critically discussed in the conclusion and research gaps identified.In this essay, the dependent variable will be the strength of mitigation efforts of Brazil, India and South Africa to reduce their GHG emissions. As one of the two components of climate policy, the strength of mitigation efforts can be understood as the ¿extent to which the statutory provisions of climate policies are likely to restrict GHG emissions if implemented as intended¿ (Compston and Bailey 2016: 145).

Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2016 im Fachbereich Soziologie - Arbeit, Ausbildung, Organisation, Note: 1,0, Universität Leipzig (Institut für Soziologie), Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Diese Arbeit untersucht die Frage, ob berufliche Gymnasien dazu beitragen, der Bildungsungleichheit in Deutschland entgegenzuwirken. Dieser Fragestellung soll zunächst durch die Erläuterung zweier Theorien zur Entstehung von Bildungsungleichheit nachgegangen werden. Aus diesen werden jeweils Hypothesen zur Bildungsungleichheit abgeleitet, die anhand der Längsschnittstudie ¿Transformation des Sekundarschulwesens und akademische Karrieren¿ (TOSCA) sowie daran anknüpfenden Arbeiten empirisch geprüft werden. Abschließend wird ein Fazit zu den gewonnenen Erkenntnissen der Bedeutung von beruflichen Gymnasien für die Bildungsungleichheit gezogen.

Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2017 im Fachbereich Soziologie - Arbeit, Ausbildung, Organisation, Note: 1,3, Universität Leipzig (Institut für Soziologie), Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Wie der Bildungsbericht aufzeigt, weisen Studienberechtigte aus nicht akademischen Elternhäusern insbesondere aus finanziellen Gründen nach wie vor eine geringere Studierneigung auf, selbst wenn sie nach dem Bundesausbildungsförderungsgesetz berechtigt sind, ein Studiendarlehen zu beziehen. Da dies jedoch stets mit einer Verschuldung einhergeht, könnte ein duales Studium aufgrund der weit verbreiteten Ausbildungsvergütung insbesondere für Studienberechtigte aus nicht akademischen Elternhäusern eine attraktive Alternative zu einem regulären Studium darstellen. Diesem Gedanken folgend lautet meine zu untersuchende Forschungsfrage, inwiefern duale Studiengänge zu einer Senkung der Bildungsungleichheit in Deutschland beitragen.Hierfür zeige ich zunächst auf, wodurch sich das duale Studium im Vergleich zu einer regulären Hochschulausbildung auszeichnet (2.). Darauf aufbauend lege ich sowohl mit der Wert-Erwartungs- als auch der Attraction-Selection-Attrition-Theorie Ansätze dar, mit deren Hilfe ich Hypothesen dazu formuliere, für welche Studienberechtigten ein duales Studium besonders attraktiv erscheint (3.)..Diese werden anschließend anhand verschiedener empirischer Befunde überprüft und die Ergebnisse miteinander in Beziehung gesetzt (4.). Daraufhin fasse ich die gesammelten Erkenntnisse zusammen (5.) und zeige mittels eines Ausblicks (6.) abschließend bestehende Forschungslücken zum dualen Studium und dessen Auswirkungen auf die Bildungsungleichheit auf.

Seminar paper from the year 2019 in the subject Sociology - Miscellaneous, grade: 1.7, University of Leipzig (Institute of Sociology), course: Seminar on Theory and History of Theory: Neofunctionalism: Jeffrey C. Alexander and Richard Münch, language: English, abstract: In this literature review, the author aims to explore functionalist notions within Development Studies (DS) and the sociology of development (SOD). For this purpose, he will firstly give a short introduction to three related theories of social change: functionalism, structural functionalism and neofunctionalism. In the next step, two important theories in DS that build on them will be presented: modernisation theory (MT) and dependency theory (DT). As this literature review is explicitly not intended to be a mere presentation of theoretical elaborations, the author follows an approach that is informed by case examples Only a handful of social scientific terms can be considered to be as disputed as the presumable catch-all phrase 'development' that is also occasionally called an 'empty signifier'. Historically, the term went hand in hand with other well-intended terms such as 'empowerment', 'participation' or 'poverty reduction', ultimately resulting in one size fits all development recipes that are rather apolitical. On a rather abstract level, 'development' can also be considered a bundle of normatively positive and interconnected processes which, by now, only took place in some parts of the world. The term quickly gained momentum after the end of the Second World War, when the so-called developed countries began attempting to 'modernise' so-called undeveloped countries (oftentimes their former colonies). Typically, the inauguration address of former US-President Harry S. Truman in 1949 is said to mark the onset of the era of development policy, with the discipline of Development Studies (DS) starting to evolve only a few years later. Initially considered to be mainly economically oriented, DS soon included approaches from a wider range of subjects and even led to the emergence of new sub-disciplines such as the sociology of development (SOD).

This book along with the essay "Beyond Cryptographic Routing: The Echo Protocol in the Era of Exponential Encryption" describe a new protocol: The Echo Protocol and its characteristics with respect to Graph-Theory, Routing-Theory, Networking and Encryption.As a contrast to the TCP protocol, the ECHO is a protocol without routing information. Instead, it's a multi- and hybrid-encryption concept. A network node sends packets to all connections. This creates the new network type of a flooding network, which is particularly interesting in the context of anonymizing mix networks like Tor or I2P and other.The modes of operation of the Echo Protocol like Full, Half or Adaptive Echo and sub-protocols of the Echo protocol like the POPTASTIC protocol (which is encrypted chat over e-mail servers) or the SECRED protocol (which is a kind of cryptographic discovery like in a DHT) complement further interesting innovations: Some Servers will learn someday through being instructed by private cryptographic tokens.For encryption there are also many new inventions discussed like: Secret Streams, Pass-Through PatchPoints, Cryptographic Calling, Fiasco Forwarding, or IPFS - Instant Perfect Forward Secrecy even through E-mail, based on symmetric as well as asymmetric keys.Many new cryptographic innovations are ready to use by the given Echo Clients like Spot-On, GoldBug Crypto Chat, Smoke or Lettera and some other, which overtook these ideas already.These innovations lead to a new Era of Exponential Encryption, which is defined by new thinking and acting as well as new ways of multi-encryption. The resulting tendency consists in the authors' vision of encryption and decryption going into the direction of exponential multiplication: for used keys, for options to decode ciphertext of ciphertext to ciphertext, for taken routes, for duplicated messages and congestion filters, as well as for several Fiasco keys used for the keys of several friend and their messages.The authors analyze this environment and identify four arms of the Era of Exponential Encryption, discuss these and give social, economic, political, legal and educational recommendations. New multiplied directions in encryption? File-Sharing or Web browsing through a new Tor2 based on the POPTASTIC Echo? The Echo's growth is independent from a reader or observer. TCP is fluid but bounded. The Echo is boundless and just limited to the imagination of those imagining to create things from simple concepts.

Essay aus dem Jahr 2017 im Fachbereich Politik - Thema: Europäische Union, Note: 1,0, Universität Leipzig (Institut für Politikwissenschaft), Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: In dieser Arbeit soll folgende Frage beantwortet werden: Wie konnte es in der Klimapolitik der EU zu einem stetig aufwärts gerichteten Wandel ihrer Zielsetzungen kommen? Um dieser Frage nachzugehen, greife ich nachfolgend auf das Konzept des "Social Learning" nach Peter A. Hall zurück, da dieses eine Analyse von Veränderungsprozessen auf unterschiedlichen Stufen erlaubt. Bevor dieses dargelegt wird, skizziere ich überblicksartig die wichtigsten Entwicklungen und Akteure der Klimapolitik der EU. Unter Anwendung des Konzepts von Hall beleuchte ich anschließend sowohl theoretische als auch empirische Gründe für den aufwärts gerichteten Wandel der europäischen Klimapolitik anhand des Beispiels der THG-Reduktionsziele. Schlussfolgerungen aus den Gründen des aufwärts gerichteten Wandels beschließen die Arbeit.

Frontmatter -- VORWORT -- INHALTSVERZEICHNIS -- I. EINLEITUNG -- A. ALLGEMEINES -- B. ATOMBAU -- C. PERIODENSYSTEM DER ELEMENTE -- II. EDELGASE -- A. ALLGEMEINES -- B. EIGENSCHAFTEN DER EDELGASE -- C. VORKOMMEN, GEWINNUNG UND VERWENDUNG -- III. DIE REPRÄSENTATIVEN ELEMENTE -- A. WASSERSTOFF -- B. HALOGENE -- C. ALKALIMETALLE -- D. CHALKOGENE -- E. ERDALKALIMETALLE -- F. DIE V. HAUPTGRUPPE DES PERIODENSYSTEMS -- G. DIE III. HAUPTGRUPPE DES PERIODENSYSTEMS (Borgruppe) -- H. DIE IV. HAUPTGRUPPE DES PERIODENSYSTEMS (Kohlenstoffgruppe) -- I. DIE II. NEBENGRUPPE DES PERIODENSYSTEMS -- REGISTER -- Backmatter

Frontmatter -- Inhaltsverzeichnis. -- Methodologische Vorbemerkungen -- Kapitel 1. Allgemeine Übersicht über die Aruak-Kulturen -- Kapitel 2. Motive zur Ausbreitung der Aruak-Kulturen -- Kapitel 3. Mittel zur Ausbreitung der Aruak-Kulturen -- Kapitel 4. Das Wesen der Ausbreitung der Aruak-Kulturen -- Kapitel 5. Stellung der Aruak-Kulturen zu den übrigen Kulturen Amerikas -- Kapitel 6. Einfluß der Ausbreitungsart der Aruak-Kulturen auf den Wandel der einzelnen Kulturgüter -- Schlußergebnis -- Meine bisherigen Publikationen sind die folgenden -- Backmatter

In their book "Era of Exponential Encryption - Beyond Cryptographic Routing" the authors provide a vision that can demonstrate an increasing multiplication of options for encryption and decryption processes:Similar to a grain of rice that doubles exponentially in every field of a chessboard, more and more newer concepts and programming in the area of cryptography increase these manifolds: both, encryption and decryption, require more session-related and multiple keys, so that numerous options even exist for configuring hybrid encryption: with different keys and algorithms, symmetric and asymmetrical methods, or even modern multiple encryption, with that ciphertext is converted again and again to ciphertext.It will be analyzed how a handful of newer applications like e.g. Spot-On and GoldBug E-Mail Client & Crypto Chat Messenger and other open source software programming implement these encryption mechanisms.Renewing a key several times - within the dedicated session with "cryptographic calling" - has forwarded the term of "perfect forward secrecy" to "instant perfect forward secrecy" (IPFS). But even more: if in advance a bunch of keys is sent, a decoding of a message has to consider not only one present session key, but over dozens of keys are sent - prior before the message arrives. The new paradigm of IPFS has already turned into the newer concept of these Fiasco Keys. Fiasco Keys are keys, which provide over a dozen possible ephemeral keys within one session and define Fiasco Forwarding, the approach which complements and follows IPFS.And further: by adding routing- and graph-theory to the encryption process, which is a constant part of the so called Echo Protocol, an encrypted packet might take different graphs and routes within the network. This shifts the current status to a new age: The Era of Exponential Encryption, so the vision and description of the authors. If routing does not require destination information but is replaced by cryptographic insights, then it is "beyond cryptographic routing". "Cryptographic Discovery" means: If the cryptographic token is matching, the message belongs to me. The Echo Protocol is in this regard an initial welcome within the Era of Exponential Encryption. The authors identify also four arms within the Era of Exponential Encryption and derive from these developments social, legal, political and economic recommendations.