Bøger af Michael Tomasello

Virtually all theories of how humans have become a distinctive species focus on evolution. Here, Michael Tomasello proposes a complementary theory focused on ontogenetic processes. Built on the essential ideas of Vygotsky, his data-driven model explains how those things that make us most human are constructed during the first six years of life.

This book, which gathers in one place the theories of 10 leading cognitive and functional linguists, represents a new approach that may define the next era in the history of psychology: It promises to give psychologists a new appreciation of what this variety of linguistics can offer their study of language and communication. In addition, it provides cognitive-functional linguists new models for presenting their work to audiences outside the boundaries of traditional linguistics. Thus, it serves as an excellent text for courses in psycholinguistics, and appeal to students and researchers in cognitive science and functional linguistics.

From the point of view of psychology and cognitive science, much of modern linguistics is too formal and mathematical to be of much use. The newly emerging approaches to language termed, "Functional and Cognitive Linguistics," however, are much less formally oriented. Instead, functional and cognitive approaches to language structure are typically couched in terms already familiar to cognitive scientists: perception, attention, conceptualization, meaning, symbols, categories, schemas, perspectives, discourse context, social interaction, and communicative goals. The account of human linguistic competence emerging from this new paradigm should be extremely useful to scientists studying how human beings (not formal devices) comprehend, produce, and acquire natural languages. The current volume brings together 10 of the most important linguists in cognitive and functional linguistics whose work is often not easily available to those outside the field. In original contributions, each of these scholars focuses on an important aspect of human linguistic competence, with a special eye to readers who are not professional linguists. Of special importance to all of the contributions are the cognitive and social interactional processes that constitute human linguistic communication. The book is of special interest to psychologists, cognitive scientists, psycholinguists, and developmental psycholinguists, in addition to linguists taking a more psychological approach to language.

"A scientific analysis of agency in the real world-which animal types have it and which don't-written by the top researcher in the field"--

Michael Tomasellos forskning har gennem årtier været banebrydende i forståelsen af kulturel læring, samarbejde og børns sprogudvikling.Denne udgivelse indeholder fem centrale tekster af Tomasello i dansk oversættelse og til hver tekst giver danske forfattere deres perspektiv på, hvordan Tomasellos teorier, resultater og forståelsesramme anvendes i en dansk kontekst.Antologiens 14 kapitler er struktureret i fem temaer:Tema 1: Børns sociale kognition – samspillet mellem kognition og omgivelser.Tema 2: Fælles opmærksomhed – når vi læser hinandens hensigter.Tema 3: Små børn samarbejder da!Tema 4: Sprogudvikling over tid er som at bygge med legoklodser.Tema 5: At samarbejde – menneskets særlige sociale forståelse for andre.

Bridging evolutionary theory and cultural psychology, Tomasello argues that the roots of the human capacity for symbol-based culture are based in a cluster of uniquely human cognitive capacities. These include capacities for understanding that others have intentions of their own, and for imitating what someone else has intended to do.

The influence of culture on cognitive development is well established for school age and older children. But almost nothing is known about how different parenting and socialization practices in different cultures affect infants' and young children's earliest emerging cognitive and social-cognitive skills.

This Monograph reports a series of ten studies on the social-cognitive abilities of three young chimpanzees, ages to four years. * Compares outcomes to similar studies conducted on human infacts for a comparative understanding.

The Gestural Communication of Apes and Monkeys is an intriguing compilation of naturalistic and experimental research conducted over the course of 20 years on gestural communication in primates, as well as a comparison to what is known about the vocal communication of nonhuman primates.

Tomasello presents a comprehensive usage-based theory of language acquisition. Drawing together a vast body of empirical research in cognitive science, linguistics, and developmental psychology, Tomasello demonstrates children's linguistic ability is interwoven with other cognitive abilities.