Bøger af Mohammad Asadujjaman

La diminution de l'activité physique, l'augmentation de l'obésité, le stress et les changements dans la consommation alimentaire sont responsables de l'augmentation de la prévalence au cours des deux dernières décennies. L'incidence du diabète ne cessant d'augmenter, on prévoit qu'il sera le premier tueur dans le monde au cours des 25 prochaines années. Ces dernières années, l'utilisation des plantes pour le traitement du diabète a suscité un intérêt marqué. On trouve dans de nombreux pays diverses plantes dont l'effet antidiabétique et hypolipidémique a été démontré. Les plantes Brassica oleracea et Allium sativum sont utilisées en médecine populaire dans les villages pour traiter le diabète. En conséquence, les différents extraits de Brassica oleracea et Allium sativum ont montré des effets antidiabétiques et hypolipidémiques sur des rats diabétiques normaux, induits par le glucose et par l'alloxane. L'éther de pétrole, l'acétate d'éthyle et le chloroforme ont été utilisés pour le fractionnement de l'extrait de Brassica olercea et de l'extrait méthanolique d'Allium sativum.

A população diabética atingiu a marca dos 100 milhões. Diminuição da actividade física, aumento da obesidade, stress, e alterações no consumo alimentar são responsáveis pela prevalência crescente nas últimas duas décadas. Como a incidência continua a crescer, a diabetes está a ser projectada para ser a principal causa de morte no mundo nos próximos 25 anos. Nos últimos anos, tem havido um grande interesse na utilização de plantas para o tratamento da diabetes. Várias plantas encontram-se em muitos países que foram indicadas como tendo um efeito antidiabético e hipolipidémico. As plantas Brassica oleracea e Allium sativum são utilizadas como medicina popular nas aldeias para o tratamento da diabetes. Consequentemente, os diferentes extractos de Brassica oleracea e Allium sativum mostraram efeitos antidiabéticos e hipolipidémicos em ratos diabéticos normais, induzidos pela glicose e por aloxan. Foi utilizado éter de petróleo, acetato de etilo e clorofórmio para o fraccionamento a partir de extracto de aguardente rectificado de Brassica olercea e extracto metanólico de Allium sativum.

Populacja chorych na cukrzyc¿ osi¿gn¿¿a 100 milionów marek. Spadek aktywno¿ci fizycznej, rosn¿ca oty¿o¿¿, stres i zmiany w konsumpcji ¿ywno¿ci s¿ odpowiedzialne za rosn¿c¿ chorobowo¿¿ w ci¿gu ostatnich dwóch dekad. W zwi¿zku z ci¿g¿ym wzrostem zachorowalno¿ci na cukrzyc¿ przewiduje si¿, ¿e w ci¿gu najbli¿szych 25 lat b¿dzie ona g¿ównym zabójc¿ na ¿wiecie. W ostatnich latach istnieje du¿e zainteresowanie wykorzystaniem ro¿lin do leczenia cukrzycy. W wielu krajach wyst¿puj¿ ró¿ne ro¿liny, które zostäy wskazane jako maj¿ce dziäanie antycukrzycowe i hipolipidemiczne. Ro¿liny Brassica oleracea i Allium sativum s¿ wykorzystywane jako leki ludowe we wsiach w leczeniu cukrzycy. W zwi¿zku z tym ró¿ne wyci¿gi z Brassica oleracea i Allium sativum wykazäy dziäanie przeciwcukrzycowe i hipolipidemiczne na szczury cukrzycowe normalne, wywo¿ane glukoz¿ i aloksanem. Do frakcjonowania rektyfikowanego ekstraktu spirytusowego z Brassica oleracea i metanolu z Allium sativum zastosowano eter naftowy, octan etylu i chloroform.

La popolazione diabetica ha raggiunto i 100 milioni di persone. La diminuzione dell'attività fisica, l'aumento dell'obesità, lo stress e i cambiamenti nel consumo di cibo sono responsabili della crescente prevalenza negli ultimi due decenni. Come l'incidenza continua a crescere, il diabete è stato proiettato per essere il principale killer del mondo nei prossimi 25 anni. Negli ultimi anni c'è stato un forte interesse nell'uso di piante per il trattamento del diabete. Diverse piante si trovano in molti paesi che sono state indicate come aventi effetto antidiabetico e ipolipemizzante. Le piante Brassica oleracea e Allium sativum sono utilizzate come medicina popolare nei villaggi per la cura del diabete. Di conseguenza, i diversi estratti di Brassica oleracea e Allium sativum hanno mostrato effetti antidiabetici e ipolipemizzanti sui ratti diabetici normali, indotti dal glucosio e dall'alloxan. Etere di petrolio, acetato di etile e cloroformio sono stati utilizzati per il frazionamento da estratto di spirito rettificato di Brassica olercea ed estratto metanolico di Allium sativum.

A prevalência da diabetes atingiu proporções epidémicas, tornando-a um dos desafios de saúde globais mais prementes do século XXI. Este projeto visa contribuir para a compreensão e a gestão da diabetes, investigando vários aspectos da doença, incluindo a sua epidemiologia, factores de risco, manifestações clínicas e abordagens inovadoras aos cuidados da diabetes. Explorámos os dados epidemiológicos mais recentes para identificar tendências e padrões na prevalência da diabetes em todo o mundo, destacando o peso sobre diferentes populações e regiões. Além disso, examinámos os factores de risco modificáveis que contribuem para o desenvolvimento da diabetes, salientando o papel dos factores relacionados com o estilo de vida, como a alimentação, a atividade física e a obesidade. Ao compreender estes factores de risco, pretendemos identificar potenciais vias para intervenções preventivas destinadas a reduzir a incidência da diabetes. O projeto também se debruçou sobre as manifestações clínicas da diabetes, incluindo as suas complicações crónicas e agudas.

La prevalenza del diabete ha raggiunto proporzioni epidemiche, rendendolo una delle sfide più urgenti per la salute globale del 21° secolo. Questo progetto si propone di contribuire alla comprensione e alla gestione del diabete indagando su vari aspetti della malattia, tra cui l'epidemiologia, i fattori di rischio, le manifestazioni cliniche e gli approcci innovativi alla cura del diabete.In questo progetto abbiamo condotto una revisione completa della letteratura per sintetizzare le conoscenze esistenti sul diabete e sulle sue complicanze associate. Abbiamo esplorato i dati epidemiologici più recenti per identificare le tendenze e i modelli di prevalenza del diabete in tutto il mondo, evidenziando l'onere sulle diverse popolazioni e regioni. Inoltre, abbiamo esaminato i fattori di rischio modificabili che contribuiscono allo sviluppo del diabete, sottolineando il ruolo dei fattori legati allo stile di vita, come dieta, attività fisica e obesità. Comprendendo questi fattori di rischio, abbiamo cercato di identificare potenziali strade per interventi preventivi volti a ridurre l'incidenza del diabete. Il progetto ha anche approfondito le manifestazioni cliniche del diabete, comprese le sue complicanze croniche e acute.

The prevalence of diabetes has reached epidemic proportions, making it one of the most pressing global health challenges of the 21st century. This project aims to contribute to the understanding and management of diabetes by investigating various aspects of the disease, including its epidemiology, risk factors, clinical manifestations, and innovative approaches to diabetes care.In this project we conducted a comprehensive literature review to synthesize existing knowledge on diabetes and its associated complications. We explored the latest epidemiological data to identify trends and patterns in diabetes prevalence worldwide, highlighting the burden on different populations and regions.Furthermore, we examined the modifiable risk factors contributing to the development of diabetes, emphasizing the role of lifestyle factors such as diet, physical activity, and obesity. By understanding these risk factors, we aimed to identify potential avenues for preventive interventions to reduce the incidence of diabetes.The project also delved into the clinical manifestations of diabetes, including its chronic and acute complications.

Asthma is a serious global health problem affecting all age groups. Its prevalence is increasing in many countries, especially among children. Although some countries have seen a decline in hospitalizations and deaths from asthma, asthma still imposes an unacceptable burden on health care systems, and on society through loss of productivity in the workplace and, especially for pediatric asthma, disruption to the family. In 1993, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute collaborated with the World Health Organization to convene a workshop that led to a Workshop Report: Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention.This was followed by the establishment of the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA), a network of individuals, organizations, and public health officials to disseminate information about the care of patients with asthma, and to provide a mechanism to translate scientific evidence into improved asthma care.

Bangladesh Pharma market is getting competitive day by day. Emergence of new pharmaceutical companies, aggressive promotional approach of the leading companies, successive launching of new products, multifarious needs of the customers altogether have turned this arena a highly placeof competition for the marketers. Most of the companies are trying to snatch share from each other through formulation and implementation of different promotional strategies. Therefore an accurate understanding of the competitor¿s promotional acceptance among the physicians is essential to set out the future strategies of our pharmaceutical companies.

Catharanthus roseus (Madagascar Periwinkle) is a species of Catharanthus native and endemic to Madagascar. Synonyms include Vinca rosea (the basionym), Ammocallis rosea, and Lochnera rosea; other English names occasionally used include Cape Periwinkle, Rose Periwinkle, Rosy Periwinkle,and "Old-maid".In an in vitro analysis, Catharanthus was the most potent antioxidant herb analyzed among many others, including Thymus, Salvia and Rosmarinus.Catharanthus roseus L (C. roseus) has been used to treat a wide assortment of diseases including diabetes.The leaves of Catharanthus roseus constitute the only source of the well known indolomonoterpenic alkaloids vincristine and vinblastine.Increased wound contraction and tensile strength, augmented hydroxyproline content along with antimicrobial activity support the use of C. roseus in the topical management of wound healing.

Allium sativum, commonly known as garlic, is a species in the onion family Alliaceae. Its close relatives include the onion, shallot, leek, chive, and rakkyo. Garlic has been used throughout history for both culinary and medicinal purposes.The antidiabetic effect of garlic ethanolic extract (Allium sativum L.) was investigated in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. It is concluded that the plant must be considered as excellent candidate for future studies on diabetes mellitus.Garlic is a broad spectrum antibiotic, killing a wide variety of bacteria.The present results showed that garlic and onion juices exerted antioxidant and antihyperglycemic effects and consequently may alleviate liver and renal damage caused by alloxan induced diabetes.It has been shown that garlic (Allium sativum) extract modulates immune responses.Macrophage activation is required to establish control of the intracellular infection and progressivedisease of leishmaniasis.A study was designed to elucidate the antihypertensive effect of garlic in the two-kidney¿one-clip (2K-1C)Goldblatt model.

Brassica oleracea or wild cabbage is a species of Brassica native to coastal southern and western Europe,where its tolerance of salt and lime and its intolerance of competition from other plants typically restrict its natural occurrence to limestone sea cliffs,like the chalk cliffs on both sides of the English Channel.Wild B.oleracea is a tall biennial plant,forming a stout rosette of large leaves in the first year,the leaves being fleshier and thicker than those of other species of Brassica, adaptations to store water and nutrients in its difficult growing environment. Plant medicines (phytotherapies) have a long history as treatment for diabetes,inflammation,cancer,heart disease.They have the antioxidant,antitumour and anti candida species activity.Brassica oleracea also produce the methionene in the SMM cycle.With a disturbing rise in the prevalence of this metabolic disease like diabetes and associated healthcare costs, interest in alternative or complementary therapies has grown.Over the last 10-20 years data from controlled investigations in animal models and patients have validated the therapeutic values of numerous phytotherapies for diabetes and other diseases.

The word¿nano''is derived from Latin word, which means dwarf.Nano size refers to one thousand millionth of a particular unit thus nanometer is one thousand millionth of a metre.Nanotechnology is the science that deals with the processes that occur at molecular level and of nanolength scale size.There are numerous examples from nature like DNA,water molecules,virus,red blood corpuscles (RBC) etc. which are of nanodimensions;even our history has numerous examples which prove that we have exploited the advantages of technology in one or other form.The term nanotechnology has been most commonly used in other fields of science like electronic, physics and engineering since many decades. Nanotechnology has shown tremendous progress in these fields.However, biomedical and pharmaceutical fields remain yet to be explored.Nanotechnology is a multidisciplinary field, convergence of basic sciences and applied disciplines like biophysics, molecular biology,and bioengineering.It has created powerful impact in various fields of medicine including cardiology,ophthalmology,endocrinology, oncology,immunology,gene delivery, brain targeting,tumor targeting, and oral vaccine formulations.

The rate at which a drug is released from a resinate is dependent on many factors. In many cases the rate is sufficiently slow that the resulting effect is an extended or sustained release over many hours.Further modification can be achieved by the use of coatings that restrict the release, or control the site of release.Examples of drugs where this technique is currently used include dextromethorphan(coated),diclofenac, and nicotine. The resinate will be a solid, with similar characteristics to the original ion exchange resin powder and, as such, can be formulated into any of the traditional solid dosage forms.Time Release Technology also known as Sustained-release (SR), extended-release (ER, XR, or XL), time-release or timed-release, controlled-release (CR), or continuous-release (CR or Contin) pills are tablets or capsules formulated to dissolve slowly and release a drug over time. The advantages of sustained-release tablets or capsules are that they can often be taken less frequently than instant-release formulations of the same drug, and that they keep steadier levels of the drug in the bloodstream

The diabetic population has reached the 100 million mark.Decreased physical activity, increasing obesity, stress, and changes in food consumption are responsible for the increasing prevalence in the past two decades. As the incidence continues to grow, diabetes is being projected to be the world''s primary killer in the next 25 years. In the recent years there has been marked interest in the use of plants for the treatment of diabetes. Various plants are found in many countries which have been indicated as having antidiabetic and hypolipidemic effect. The plants Brassica oleracea and Allium sativum are used as folk medicine in the villages to treat diabetes. Accordingly, the different extracts of Brassica oleracea and Allium sativum showed antidiabetic and hypolipidemic effects on normal, glucose induced and alloxan induced diabetic rats. Petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and chloroform were used for fractionation from rectified spirit extract of Brassica olercea and methanolic extract of Allium sativum.

The department or service in a hospital which is under the direction of a professionally competent , legally qualified pharmacist , and from which all medications are supplied to the nursing and other services, where special prescriptions are filled for patients in the hospital, where prescriptions are filled for ambulatory patients, and out-patients, where pharmaceuticals are manufactured in bulk, where narcotic and other prescribed drugs are dispensed , where biologicals are stored and dispensed, where inject able preparation s should be prepared and sterilized ,and where professional supplies are often stocked and dispensed.The presence of adequate pharmaceutical personnel in many hospitals has benefited both patient and staff members, for hospital manufacture of various pharmaceutical products as well as parenteral product solution has reduce the cost of medication. The member of the staff to prescribe mixtures which require compounding skill. Also hospitals pharmacist have become involved in the preparation of hyperalimentation products, dialysis fluids, intravenous additive programs, unit dose packaging and unit dose dispensing .