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Climate and weather events define the ecological characteristics found in National Parks and are key to understanding and interpreting changes in natural resources. Everyday park operations including fire management, natural resource activities, maintenance of park infrastructure, and visitor use are influenced by weather. Monitoring weather and maintaining climate records provides essential information to support park operations and monitor park resources. This report summarizes climate data collected at weather stations within and adjacent to Lewis and Clark National Historical Park from the 2010 water year. It is part of a set of climate summary reports from seven national and historic parks in the North Coast and Cascades Network. Published in the National Park Service's Natural Resource Data Series, annual climate summary reports are intended to provide basic data sets and data summaries in a timely manner, with minimal interpretation and analyses. We envision National Park staff, especially, planners, scientists, interpreters, partners; and interested public as the primary audience for these reports. Temperature and precipitation data are presented from four weather stations located along the Pacific Coast from Northern Oregon to Southern Washington. Data were recorded using automated and manual instruments operated by the National Weather Service and Federal Aviation Administration. For two stations with long term records; the Astoria Regional Airport Automated Surface Observing Systems (ASOS)/Cooperative Observer Station (COOP) Station and Long Beach COOP Station, monthly average temperatures and monthly total precipitation are reported and compared to the 30-year normal. For all stations, monthly air temperature and precipitation data are displayed. Daily precipitation and average daily temperature are presented for three stations. Weather data collected in water year 2010 indicated that average annual temperatures were near normal with slightly above normal annual precipitation. Overall, conditions during the winter months were warmer than normal, but shifted to cooler and wetter conditions during the spring months.

The Ed Styron House is a small, two- room house and one of only twenty historic structures remaining in historic Portsmouth Village in the Cape Lookout National Seashore. The house was leased as a temporary lodge for hunters and fishermen under one of the park's special use permits until 1989 but has been vacant and deteriorating since that time. Whatever its historical and architectural significance, the mere presence of the house upon the Portsmouth landscape is critical, given the small number of historic structures that remain in the village; with repairs the Styron House could again be useful. The 1982 historic resource study of Cape Lookout provides extensive documentation for the eighteenth and nineteenth century history of the village but very little for the twentieth century. Most of what is known about twentieth- century Portsmouth in general, and the Ed Styron House in particular, has come from the park's compilation of oral interviews with former residents and descendants of those who lived in the village. Additional research in early twentieth century Federal censuses, county records, and other sources would be useful for interpretation of the Styrons' lives and their contributions to village life. Founded in 1753 near Ocracoke Inlet, Portsmouth played a critical role as a seaport for over a hundred years, until Hatteras Inlet was opened by a storm in 1846 and provided a more convenient channel into Pamlico Sound. Evacuated during the Civil War, Portsmouth never regained its vitality as a port; in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the village economy revolved around hunting and fishing. The population declined from more than 600 in 1860 to 227 in 1880 and continued to decline after that. A hurricane in September 1933 severely damaged Portsmouth and, after that, "everybody just left," according to one former resident. The Styrons' old house was damaged by this storm, and they built a new house closer to the village center. By 1940, there were only 42 residents left on the island; in 1971, the last permanent residents moved to the mainland.

Climate and weather events define many of the abiotic features of habitat found in national parks and are key to understanding and interpreting changes in natural resources. Everyday park operations including; fire management, search and rescue, maintenance of park infrastructure, and visitor use are influenced by weather. Monitoring weather and maintaining climate records provides essential information to support park operations and monitor park resources. This report summarizes climate data collected in the North Cascades National Park Complex for Water Year 2010, and is part of a set of climate summary reports from seven national and historic parks in the North Coast and Cascades Network. Published in the National Park Service's Natural Resource Data Series, annual climate summary reports are intended to provide basic data sets and data summaries in a timely manner, with minimal interpretation and analyses. We envision National Park staff, especially, planners, scientists, interpreters, partners; and interested public as the primary audience for these reports. Temperature and precipitation data are presented from six weather stations. These stations are located on both western and eastern slopes of the North Cascades Range at both low and high elevation sites. Data were recorded using automated instruments operated by the National Park Service and other collaborators, including the National Weather Service (NWS) and the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS). For two stations with long term records, the Ross Dam Cooperative Observer (COOP) station on the west side of the Cascade crest and the Stehekin COOP on the drier, east side of the park, monthly average temperatures and monthly total precipitation are reported and compared to the 30-year normal. Monthly snow depth and snow water equivalent are reported for one Snow Telemetry (SNOTEL) site and two NWS COOP stations within the park. Two NPS GLACIER climate stations provide air temperature at high elevations in alpine environments. A NWS US Climate Reference Network (USCRN) station located in Marblemount represents lowland areas on the west slopes of the North Cascade Range. A series of appendices present daily and monthly air temperature, precipitation and snowpack data from six park operated weather stations, including comparisons to period of record and highlights of important weather events from each site. In summary, average annual temperatures and precipitation were both near normal for Water Year 2010; however significant monthly departures for both parameters were documented. Overall, conditions in winter were warm and dry, with a shift to cooler and wetter conditions in the spring through early summer. Snowpack remained below normal during the warmer, drier winter months only to recover to above normal due to a wetter, cooler late spring that persisted into late June.

The Vanishing Treasures Program is focused on resources located in the arid Southwest. The National Parks on the Hawaiian Islands preserve and interpret places that are of significance to the descendants of the early Hawaiians. The Hawaiian Legacy program, which had been discussed for many years, strives to perpetuate Native Hawaiian activities and culture, ensure the preservation of knowledge of traditional skills in traditional construction methods, and provide future employment opportunities for skilled craftsmen in traditional construction technology.

Climate and weather events define the ecological characteristics found in national parks and are key to understanding and interpreting changes in natural resources. Everyday park operations including fire management, natural resource activities, maintenance of park infrastructure, and visitor use are influenced by weather. Monitoring weather and maintaining climate records provides essential information to support park operations and monitor park resources This report summarizes climate data collected within and adjacent to Ebey's Landing National Historical Reserve and San Juan Island National Historical Park from the 2010 water year. It is part of a set of climate summary reports from seven national and Historical parks in the North Coast and Cascades Network. Published in the National Park Service's Natural Resource Data Series, annual climate summary reports are intended to provide basic data sets and data summaries in a timely manner, with minimal interpretation and analyses. We envision National Park staff, especially planners, scientists, interpreters, partners, and interested public as the primary audience for these reports. Temperature and precipitation data are presented from four weather stations located on three islands in the northwest corner of Washington State. Data from San Juan Island were recorded using automated instruments operated by the National Park Service and the Federal Aviation Administration. Data from Orcas and Whidbey Island are provided by the National Weather Service. For two stations with long term records, the Olga Cooperative Observer Station (COOP) Station on Orcas Island and the Coupeville COOP Station on Whidbey Island, monthly average temperatures and monthly total precipitation are reported and compared to the 30-year normal. For all stations, daily and monthly air temperature and precipitation data are displayed, including comparisons to period of record and highlights of important weather events from each site. Weather data collected in water year 2010 indicated that this year was generally warmer and wetter than normal. Of particular interest is the major departure from normal in temperature during the months of January and February and an unusually dry month of July.

Report reviews architectural details of the Life-Saving Station as one of the best preserved stations of this type remaining on the East Coast and recommendations for keeping it as it was during World War II.

This discussion of typical furnishings in ranch houses of western Dakota or eastern Montana during the last two decades of the nineteenth century was completed to fulfill the requirements of RSP H-1 from Theodore Roosevelt National Memorial Park. This unit of the National Park System on the western edge of North Dakota honors the activities of Theodore Roosevelt in that part of the west between 1883 and 1899. Roosevelt's active involvement in Dakota ranching lasted less than five years, but he visited his Elkhorn Ranch nearly every autumn on hunting trips. Roosevelt last saw the land where "the romance of my life began" in 1903. The spell of the North Dakota Badlands along the Little Missouri caught Roosevelt during his first extended stay in the region. The Badlands of the Little Missouri River possessed curious fantastic beauty and savage desolation in Roosevelt's eyes when he saw them in 1884.

Climate and weather events define the ecological characteristics found in national parks and are key to understanding and interpreting changes in natural resources. Everyday park operations including fire management, natural resource activities, maintenance of park infrastructure, and visitor use are influenced by weather. Monitoring weather and maintaining climate records provides essential information to support park operations and monitor park resources. This report summarizes climate data collected within and adjacent to Ebey's Landing National Historical Reserve (EBLA) and San Juan Island National Historical Park (SAJH) from the 2011 water year. It is part of a set of climate summary reports from six national and Historical parks in the North Coast and Cascades Network. Published in the National Park Service's Natural Resource Data Series, annual climate summary reports are intended to provide basic data sets and data summaries in a timely manner, with minimal interpretation and analyses. We intend that the primary audience for this document will be National Park staff, especially decision makers, planners, and interpreters; partners; and interested public. Temperature and precipitation data are presented from four weather stations located on three islands in the northwest corner of Washington State. Data from San Juan Island (SAJH) were recorded using automated instruments operated by the National Park Service and the Federal Aviation Administration. Data from Orcas and Whidbey Island (EBLA) are provided by the National Weather Service Cooperative Observer Program (COOP). For two stations with long term records, the Coupeville COOP Station on Whidbey Island and the Olga COOP Station on Orcas Island, monthly average temperatures and monthly total precipitation are reported and compared to the 30-year normal. For the stations within or adjacent to park units, daily and monthly air temperature and precipitation data are reported. Accumulated growing degree days are presented for the Friday Harbor Airport (American Camp, SAJH) and Coupeville (EBLA). Water year 2011 had near normal annual temperatures and slightly above normal precipitation. At Coupeville and Olga, temperatures were 0.1 and 0.6 warmer than normal respectively. While annual temperature was near normal, there were large monthly deviations which balanced on a seasonal basis. Seasonal deviations were more pronounced in the case of precipitation. Spring months were much wetter than normal, while summer was much drier than normal. Total annual precipitation at Coupeville (EBLA) was 22.9 inches, 107% of normal. Total precipitation at English Camp (SAJH) was 25.3 inches.

This study was conducted to understand, document, and analyze the complex interactions of people and places on the Outer Cape, both historically and today. And, to provide an improved basis for making decisions that ultimately will decide the fate of the landscape character.

This report covers the structural rehab necessary to update the Big House, part of the Oakland Plantation at Cane River Creole National Historic Park. Includes recommendations for renovations to foundation, roof, windows, doors, etc.

Report on National Park System Board Committee on Philanthropy Meeting from May 31, 2006.

A network of remote climate stations is maintained by the National Park Service (NPS) to supplement existing climate sites operated by NPS cooperators. These sites are installed within each park to fill gaps in existing climate data and provide a comprehensive understanding of park-wide climate patterns. The majority of NPS climate stations occur at Olympic National Park. In contrast to other parks within the North Coast and Cascades Network (NCCN), few stations were operated by NPS cooperators at Olympic. In 1998, a joint U.S Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)/NPS global climate change project initiated the installation of remote climate stations along a precipitation gradient within the park. Upon completion of the study, these sites were turned over to the NCCN network to form the core of Olympic National Park's NPS operated climate station network. Additional sites are being added throughout the network as time and funding allows. This protocol narrative outlines the rationale, sampling design and methods proposed for monitoring climate in the North Coast and Cascades Monitoring Network (NCCN). The NCCN, one of 32 networks of parks in the National Park System, comprises seven national park units in the Pacific Northwest, including three large, mountainous, natural area parks (Mount Rainier [MORA] and Olympic [OLYM] National Parks, North Cascades National Park Service Complex [NOCA]) and four small historic-cultural parks (Ebey's Landing National Historical Reserve [EBLA], Lewis and Clark National Historical Park [LEWI], Fort Vancouver National Historical Park [FOVA], San Juan Island National Historical Park [SAJH]). This narrative reflects decisions made by the NCCN climate monitoring group, which includes National Park Service (NPS) representatives from each of the large parks in the Network and with the assistance of several agencies including National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Resource Conservation Service (NRCS), and the U.S. Forest Service (USFS).

To develop specific guidelines for routine maintenance and for visitor use and access of the pre-European contact American Indian-constructed mounds along the Natchez Trace Parkway Mounds that reflect tribal concerns as much as possible

The National Park Service, Natural Resource Stewardship and Science office in Fort Collins, Colorado publishes a range of reports that address natural resource topics of interest and applicability to a broad audience in the National Park Service and others in natural resource management, including scientists, conservation and environmental constituencies, and the public. Vegetation composition and structure, soil stability, and upland hydrologic function were selected as core vital signs for long-term monitoring within the Southern Colorado Plateau Network (SCPN).The network will monitor vegetation and soils within predominant upland vegetation types across most SCPN parks. The integrated upland monitoring protocol consists of a narrative, 14 Standard Operating Procedures and 6 appendices. The narrative portion of the protocol describes the rationale for monitoring upland vegetation and soils, establishes specific monitoring objectives, and provides an overview of the monitoring efforts. The Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) provide detailed descriptions of all activities related to vegetation and soils monitoring. Monitoring methods outlined in this protocol apply to the full range of targeted upland vegetation types occurring within SCPN parks, from semi-arid grasslands and shrub steppe at lower elevations, through pinyon-juniper woodlands at mid-elevations, to montane forests and meadows at higher elevations.

Discusses goals of the treatment of the historically-private dwellings in Cape Lookout Village, including the O'Boyle-Bryant House, making structural improvements, rehabilitation and improve the buildings capacity to withstand wind and flood.

An action plan for the Midwest Region of the National Park Service to commemorate the Sesquicentennial of America's Civil War.

The Museum Management Plan for Nez Perce National Historical Park identifies a series of collections management, program, and exhibit issues facing the park, and presents a series of recommendations to address them.

This report is an effort to provide comprehensive documentation and management guidelines for the cultural resources of this National Park Service unit.

Guide to the rehabilitation of the National Mall using the best management practices at urban parks in National and international locations

The Mojave National Preserve Museum Management Plan identifies a series of collections management issues facing The Preserve and presents corresponding actions to address them.

This document presents the results of surface-water-quality data retrievals for Badlands National Park (BADL) from six of the United States Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) national databases: (1) Storage and Retrieval (STORET) water quality database management system; (2) River Reach File (RF3); (3) Industrial Facilities Discharge (IFD); (4) Drinking Water Supplies (DRINKS); (5) Water Gages (GAGES); and (6) Water Impoundments (DAMS). This document is one product resulting from a cooperative contractual endeavor between the National Park Service's (NPS) Servicewide Inventory and Monitoring Program, the National Park Service's Water Resources Division (WRD), and Horizon Systems Corporation to retrieve, format, and analyze surface water quality data for all units of the National Park System containing significant water resources. The primary goal of the project is to provide descriptive water quality information in a manner and format that is both consistent with the goals of the Servicewide Inventory and Monitoring Program and useable by park resource managers. The document provides: (1) a complete inventory of all retrieved water quality parameter data, water quality stations, and the entities responsible for the data collection; (2) descriptive statistics and appropriate graphical plots of water quality data characterizing period of record, annual, and seasonal central tendencies and trends; (3) a comparison of the park's water quality data to relevant EPA and WRD water quality screening criteria; and (4) an Inventory Data Evaluation and Analysis (IDEA) to determine what Servicewide Inventory and Monitoring Program "Level I" water quality parameters have been measured within the study area. Accompanying the report are disks containing digital copies of all data used in the report, as well as all components of the report (tables, figures, etc.).

The Long-Range Interpretive Plan assesses where we are and where we hope to be in the near future. It describes new park themes, desired visitor experience, issues and challenges and lists action items for the park to take for the future.

The Natural Resource Publication series addresses natural resource topics that are of interest and applicability to a broad readership in the National Park Service and to others in the management of natural resources, including the scientific community, the public, and the NPS conservation and environmental constituencies. Manuscripts are peer-reviewed to ensure that the information is scientifically credible, technically accurate, appropriately written for the intended audience, and is designed and published in a professional manner.

The purpose of this action is to ensure that the Partners - the National Park Service, the Flight 93 Advisory Commission, the Families Flight 93, and the Flight 93 Memorial Task Force as well as the public have a clear understanding of the types of development, resource conditions, visitor experience, and management options that would best fulfill the mission of the Flight 93 National Memorial

It is fitting that the National Park Service, as the nation's leading historical agency, study its own history, and to that end the NPS North Atlantic Regional Office in 1990 commissioned this administrative history of the Salem Maritime National Historic Site. Salem's administrative history is a particularly interesting one for several reasons. First, as one of the oldest historic properties within the parks system, it encompasses most of the development and changes in historic site administration within the National Park Service's history. Second, Salem more than most parks in the system, has been dependent on the cooperative efforts of other entities, public and private, for its development and operation. Third, as one of the earliest urban sites in the system, it encountered the need to interact with neighbors before this was common in the Park Service. Even as these characteristics have made the administrative history of Salem Maritime interesting, they have also made it complex to pursue. Changes in administrative organization in the Park Service over the years have scattered NPS records pertaining to Salem, and some have disappeared. Among those organizations which have cooperated over the years in the development of the site, record keeping has varied greatly, from the extensive archives of the Society for the Preservation of New England Antiquities to the uninformative records of the Salem Maritime Historical Association. And for the site's relationship to its surrounding community, virtually the only record is in newspaper files. This has made it challenging to assemble a balanced view of many important aspects of the site's history. Our approach in documenting Salem Maritime's history, therefore, has been to work outward from the office NPS records, supplementing them where necessary with the records of cooperating organizations, municipal and state records, newspaper accounts, and interviews with people within and without the Park Service whose memories and view we thought would add useful perspectives. Along the way, we have received invaluable help from many people, without whose assistance, the task would have been much harder and the results less rewarding.

Located between metropolitan Miami-Dade County and the upper Keys community of Key Largo, Biscayne National Park occupies 173,000 acres of diverse and dramatic natural and cultural resources and attracts 500,000 persons each year. This volume provides a general description of its social and cultural context and discussed current user groups and their activities in the park. The National Park Service is the U.S. federal agency that manages all national parks, many national monuments, and other conservation and historical properties with various title designations.

The purpose of this Cultural Landscape Report is to guide treatment and use of the above-ground resources associated with the Arkansas Post National Memorial (APNM). To do this, an investigation and evaluation of the historic landscape has been conducted, using National Park Service and National Register of Historic Places guidelines. The documentation of historic significance and evaluation of integrity of the cultural landscape serves as a framework upon which treatment recommendations are based. The report provides park managers with a comprehensive understanding of the physical evolution of the historic landscape, and guidance for future management of the site. The report is organized in the following manner: Part I: Chapter 1: Introduction; Documents the scope of the report, location and description of the property, identifies project consultants, and describes the methodology used. Chapter 2: Management Issues; Provides a list of management issues to be addressed throughout the project. Chapter 3: Site History; Presents a historic narrative of the physical evolution of the site. Historic period plans support the historic narrative that addresses the major time periods identified for the site. These periods have been defined as pre-contact, the Colonial/Revolutionary War, settlement and early statehood, the Civil War, late nineteenth; and early twentieth century development, twentieth century and state park development, and NPS development. Part II: Chapter 4: Existing Conditions; Provides a narrative and graphics addressing the existing landscape features, vegetation, and the archeological resources present at the site. Chapter 5: Analysis; Compares findings from the site history and existing conditions information to analyze the landscape characteristics and features of the APNM landscape. The historic integrity assessment has focused on determining if the characteristics and features that defined the landscape during the historic periods are still present and if they retain the ability to physically represent the site's history. Chapter 6: Treatment Recommendations; Overall preservation treatment recommendations as well as specific implementation guidelines are provided. Includes a treatment plan. Chapter 7: Implementation Guidelines; Includes general recommendations for phasing the treatments recommended in Chapter 6. Also includes future Project Management Statements and "Class C" cost estimates for implementation.

In 1911, a grand Memorial Building was constructed near Hodgenville, Kentucky, at the site of Sinking Spring Farm, the birthplace of Abraham Lincoln. The building and 110 acres were donated to the Federal Government in 1916, forming Abraham Lincoln National Park; in 1939 the National Park Service became steward of the park. The park was renamed Abraham Lincoln Birthplace National Historic Site in 1959.

"A Guide's Guide to Acadia National Park" helps meet the standards set forth in the Commercial Services Plan by providing you with a better understanding of Acadia's resources, significance, and need for low impact visits. Some visitors discover Acadia on their own, while others do so with an organized group-either private or commercial. Because of the large number of commercial users in and around Acadia, park managers request that commercial activities contribute to the sustainability of park resources, enhance educational opportunities, and offer quality interpretation. Whether you are a bus tour guide searching for more specific information, a supervisor training staff to work with visitors, or a business owner needing park information to answer customer questions, the Guide's Guide will provide you with the tools to: Impart to visitors the primary purpose of Acadia National Park; Understand some of the unique natural and historical aspects of Acadia; Deliver accurate information to improve interpretation to visitors using commercial services; Magnify the impact of park conservation messages; Apply Leave No Trace principles in each park area.

The Assateague Beach Coast Guard Station station house, garage, and boathouse are part of the Assateague Island National Seashore (NS). The station house and the garage (the original boathouse) were built in 1922 when U.S. Coast Guard Station 150 was established at the southern end of Assateague Island in Assateague, Virginia. When the boathouse was constructed in 1938- 39 on Tom's Cove to the north of the station house, the original boathouse was converted to a garage. The Assateague Beach Coast Guard station was decommissioned in 1967, and the same year the site became part of the Assateague Island (ASIS) NS. Lack of park operating funds and infrequent usage of the site has resulted in increased deferred maintenance and a resulting loss of historic fabric. The buildings will require significant work that would potentially affect important features, necessitating the identification of the character- defining features to ensure the preservation of the structures' integrity, and to provide guidance for the reuse and preservation of the structures. This draft historic structure report for the Assateague Beach Coast Guard Station structures is an abbreviated Level II report. It was prepared for Assateague Island NS by the Building Conservation Branch (BCB) of the National Park Service's Northeast Cultural Resources Center. Preparation of this report began with historical and archival research, and physical and photographic documentation of the structures, which was conducted by BCB Architectural Conservators Maureen K. Phillips and John A. Scott. According to the terms of the project agreement, no fabric analysis (e.g., paint analysis, mortar analysis, etc.) was performed. The report was written by Architectural Conservator Maureen K. Phillips.