Bøger af Patrick Kimuyu

Seminar paper from the year 2018 in the subject Business economics - Business Ethics, Corporate Ethics, grade: 1.4, Egerton University, language: English, abstract: Everyone has the entitlement to privacy whether he/she is a public figure or a business leader. However, public life demands that individuals at the helm of leadership conceptualize certain things that guide their behaviour both in public and private situations. Becoming a corporate leader demands observing public service ethics, this in turn demands that individuals give public interest priority to shape their behaviours whether they are executing private or public life. It is not always conceivable that the ethical behaviour of leaders in their personal lives automatically reflect their ethical behaviour as business leaders. It is this conviction that makes it meaningful for individuals to have separate private and public lives. Usually, the image individuals volunteer to represent them in public might be hard to extend to private lives. Too often, the desire to improve business leadership has made it tempting to spy on individuals¿ private lives to validate one¿s authenticity to ethical leadership. This in essence stipulates that leaders should not take leave of personal ethics that makes them who they are even in private. Within the leadership principles, keeping to high ideals cherished in business leadership is the best way to carry one¿s self whether in private or public space.

Seminar paper from the year 2018 in the subject Medicine - Pharmacology, Pharmacy, grade: 1, Egerton University, language: English, abstract: This paper will provide a comprehensive assessment of warfarin and its nutritional interactions, primarily vitamin E and fish oil.In practice, nutritional components are known to influence the efficacy of therapeutic agents. Some nutrients improve the efficacy of some drugs, whereas others reduce their therapeutic potency. As such, it is critical to understand the nutritional interactions between drugs and the nutritional components in the diet. Diets which interfere with the activity of certain drugs should be avoided during the treatment period. This prevents nutritional interactions which may result into adverse reactions. The same precaution applies to nutritional supplements. Over the past few decades, nutritional supplements have flooded the market. However, these supplements raise safety concerns, especially on dosage, efficacy and side effects.Despite the safety concerns, it is worth noting that some nutritional components such as vitamins and fatty acids have been found to have clinical significance. They are used for the treatment of different health conditions and illnesses, especially when combined with therapeutic agents. For instance, vitamin E and Omega-3 fatty acids have gained immense acceptance in clinical practice. However, their use should be guided by their interactions with drugs. Warfarin, an antithrombotic agent, is one of the drugs which exhibit interactions with vitamin E and fish oil. This drug is used for the prevention and treatment of arterial and venous thrombotic disease since its development. However, dietary interactions have always complicated its safe use.

Seminar paper from the year 2018 in the subject Medicine - Pathology, grade: 1.2, Egerton University, language: English, abstract: This report will provide a comprehensive overview on epilepsy. Epilepsy is defined as a brain disorder which occurs when neurons convey abnormal signals owing to interruptions in the process of generating electrochemical impulses. Ordinarily, neurons operate in a highly coordinated order to produce human feelings, thoughts and actions. This neuronal activity is impaired in epileptic conditions in which strange behavior, sensations and emotions occur leading to muscle spasms, convulsions or even loss of consciousness.In practice, epilepsy is characterized by seizures in which neurons fire signals repeatedly. It is reported that during a seizure, the neural system can produce more than 500 signals within a second, and this attributable to the abnormal activity of the nerve clusters in the brain. Historically, epilepsy is known as the oldest mental illness to be identified by man. It dates back to 400 B.C when Hippocrates described it as a brain disorder. Currently, epilepsy has become an enormous challenge to the global public healthcare because it is not curable. This implies that, the management of epilepsy poses challenge to physicians although surgery techniques and medicines help in controlling seizures in 80 percent of epileptic patients. It is estimated that 2.5 million individuals in the US have been diagnosed with epilepsy. However, experiencing a single seizure does not necessarily suggest epilepsy. This is why a comprehensive diagnosis is required in determining epilepsy and the different forms of seizures, in order to adopt the most appropriate treatment option.

Seminar paper from the year 2018 in the subject Medicine - Pathology, grade: 1, Egerton University, language: English, abstract: This report provides an overview of Parkinson¿s disease and its management. Parkinson¿s disease (PD) is considered as a progressive disorder of the central nervous system, and it is characterized by difficulties in movement. This disorder is also referred to as the shaking palsy owing to the tremors experienced by the patients. It is one of the most challenging motor system disorders because it is both chronic and progressive; implying that symptoms emerge and worsen over time. Therefore, the management of Parkinson¿s disease presents an immense challenge to healthcare professionals, as well as families and relatives of patients suffering from the disease. Currently, there is no cure for Parkinson¿s disease; thus, treatment approaches focus on reducing the severity of its symptoms.

Document from the year 2018 in the subject Medicine - Epidemiology, grade: 1.2, Egerton University, language: English, abstract: Diabetes entails a collection of metabolic disorders which are usually characterized by prolonged high sugar levels in an individual¿s blood. For instance, both type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are characterized with hyperglycemia. This condition is referred as hyperglycemia, and it has been found to cause debilitating health consequences. Van Belle, Coppieters and von Herrath (2011) report reaffirm that chronic hyperglycemic conditions may lead to health complications including heart disease, blindness, kidney failure, stroke, and ketoacidosis. Ordinarily, T2D occurs due to insulin resistance in which adipose or muscle cells exhibit low response to insulin. This phenomenon is associated to old age or obesity. In contrast, T1D is caused by autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta-cells which are responsible for the production of insulin (Ozougwu, Obimba, Belonwu & Unakalamba, 2013). Currently, diabetes presents an immense challenge to the global public health system (Kimuyu, 2018). Therefore, this discussion focuses on the key aspects of type 1 diabetes.

Seminar paper from the year 2018 in the subject Medicine - Medical Frontiers and Special Areas, grade: 1, Egerton University, language: English, abstract: This paper will provide a comprehensive overview of managed care, primarily on the advantages and disadvantages of managed care organizations.Over the decades, the United States¿ healthcare system has been experiencing challenges. In general, the cost and quality of care has always been considered as the most critical factors that influence healthcare sustainability in the United States and the world, as a whole. As a result, a series of value-based payment reforms have been introduced. For instance, the Affordable Care Act (ACA) of 2010 introduced payment and delivery system reforms.From a critical perspective, the reforms introduced by the ACA have addressed the long-standing problems which have been posing enormous hindrances to the development of the U.S. healthcare system. Above all, it has enhanced managed care through consolidating care, as well as, addressing the problem of unsustainable costs and uneven quality of care. However, managed care seems to exhibit some drawbacks too.

Project Report from the year 2018 in the subject Medicine - Medical Frontiers and Special Areas, grade: 1, Egerton University, language: English, abstract: This paper will provide a comprehensive review on the origin and types of MSCs in the dental tissue and the oral cavity. It will also discuss their therapeutic mechanisms that make them useful in dentistry and dental treatments. Over the past few decades, stem cell research has gained extensive scientific inquiry. This aspect is attributable to the significance of stem cells in tissue engineering. It is apparent that tissue regeneration has emerged as a reliable medical approach for the treatment of tissue disorders and injuries. Initially, embryonic stem cells were preferred as candidates for regenerative medicine because these cells can be induced to replicate in a pluripotent state. However, stem cell research involving embryonic stem cells has attracted immense controversy. It is also associated with legal and ethical issues, thus limiting the use of embryonic stem cells in regenerative medicine. Fortunately, the discovery of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), also referred to as adult stem cells, has restored promise for the development of stem cell therapies. Unlike embryonic stem cells, MSCs are free from legal and ethical concerns. MSCs are usually pluripotent progenitor cells that are generated in an array of tissues in both foetal and adult life. It is reported that these progenitor cells differentiate into cell types of the tissues that generate them, although studies indicate that they can differentiate cell types of other tissues. Currently, MSCs are used for regenerative therapies for a number of tissue disorders and injuries including bone regeneration. For instance, MSCs generated by the dental pulps and the oral cavity tissues have been found to possess the potential for dental tissue regeneration. These cells have also been found to useful in non-dental tissue repair.

Project Report from the year 2018 in the subject Medicine - Biomedical Engineering, grade: 1.2, Egerton University, language: English, abstract: Medical imaging technology plays an important role of creating internal images of the human body for clinical or medical purposes. Historically, this technology was born in November 1895 when Wilhelm Roentgen discovered electromagnetic radiation (x-ray) (Levine, 2010). Medical imaging technique can be defined as a technique which each modality could provide unique details of the human body function. The discovery of x-ray was a motivation reason for others to improve various technologies in medical imaging over the past years such as computed tomography (CT), ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Ultrasound is one of the medical imaging technologies that are known as sound waves with a frequency above 20 KHz that excess the human hearing range using non-ionizing radiation. Ultrasound is a diagnostic modality technique that has been in clinical use over the past 40 years when Theodore Dussik and his brother Friederich in 1940s attempted to diagnose brain tumours using ultrasound waves, although their incredible work achieved success in 1970s. The aim of this study is to test the hypothesis that the minimum ultrasound transit time above noise (derived from the transit time spectrum) through cancellous bone may predict the velocity measurement. Therefore, deconvolution method has been used to predict ultrasound transit time through cancellous bone and then compare it to the reported transit time from clinical ultrasound bone densitometer (CUBA).

Document from the year 2018 in the subject Medicine - Therapy, grade: 1, Egerton University, language: English, abstract: Peptic ulcer has become one of the leading gastrointestinal (GIT) disorders. This phenomenon is attributable to the causes of the ulcers, especially Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infections which are difficult to treat . They are also caused by acid production from the gastric lining. Therefore, treatment with recent medication depends on the cause of peptic ulcers. Currently, there are different forms of medication used for treating peptic ulcers comprising of antibiotics, acid blockers, antacids, and cytoprotective agents. This article provides a comprehensive discussion on recent medication for peptic ulcers.

Seminar paper from the year 2018 in the subject Health - Public Health, grade: 1.4, Egerton University, language: English, abstract: This article provides a comprehensive discussion on how the microbial flora changes during Ultra-High Temperature pasteurization.In the food production industry, food spoilage by microorganisms poses an immense challenge to food sustainability and health safety. Most of the preservation methods are aimed at destroying the microbial populations that are present in the raw materials, preventing contamination, improving the texture of the manufactured food products, and creating desired flavors.For instance, Ultra-High Temperature pasteurization, commonly referred to as UHT pasteurization is a preservation method that is carried out to decontaminate raw food products. This preservation method is used predominantly in milk processing, unlike its alternative processing method, High Temperature/Short-Time pasteurization which is used to process an array of raw food materials. In most cases, raw milk is usually contaminated with bacteria, moulds and yeast microbes. However, bacteria constitute the greatest percentage of microbial populations in raw milk based on studies which have found different pathogenic bacteria in raw milk, especially L. monocytogenes, Salmonella spp, Campylobacter spp and E. coli.

Essay from the year 2018 in the subject Health - Public Health, grade: 1.3, Egerton University, language: English, abstract: This research paper will provide a logical discussion why teenagers should be allowed to access safe medical abortion.Education is essential for a prosperous future for young people. This is why the United States educational system is designed to ensure that learners acquire the most valuable professional skills for career excellence. Over the years, reforms in the US educational system have always focused on improving intellectual competence of students. Despite the endless efforts by the US government, teachers and all stakeholders in the education sector, some challenges have always persisted; thus disrupting the learning process. This interferes with the smooth transitions from one level of education to the other and even college-to-work transition.One of the most challenging issues that have been disrupting the learning process in the US education system is teenage pregnancies. It is reported that about 750,000 cases of teenage pregnancies occur each year in the United States. Of this population, two-thirds the affected teenagers are aged 18 and 19 years. As a result, over 200,000 abortion cases among teenagers are reported annually. However, teenage abortions occur at different rates across the US states. For instance, it is reported that over half of teenage pregnancies in New York, Minnesota, Mississippi, and New Jersey ends in abortion. This implies that the desire to pursue academics contributes to the increase of abortion among teenagers. In light of these statistics, it is logical to allow teenagers to have safe medical abortion so as to pursue their academic dreams to prosperity.

Academic Paper from the year 2018 in the subject Medicine - Therapy, Egerton University, language: English, abstract: In practice, evidence-based practice helps in developing appropriate control and prevention measures of infectious diseases. However, effective intervention relies on an informed understanding of the chain of infection. This is a paramount aspect in professional nursing because it facilitates nursing management of a given condition with the focus of breaking the chain through treatment and nursing management interventions.

Seminar paper from the year 2018 in the subject Medicine - Pediatrics, grade: 1, Egerton University, language: English, abstract: In nursing practice, practical skills are essential. It is through practical approaches that learners, as well as practicing nurses apply theoretical knowledge to improve patients¿ outcome. This is the principal goal of nursing interventions. However, the success of nursing interventions depends on the professional competence of the nurses providing care. It is evident that the level of competence varies among nurses, more or less the same as it is the case with intelligence. Nevertheless, all nurses, as well as other healthcare professionals are expected to demonstrate their potential for giving healthcare services to patients efficiently. This explains why all professionals in healthcare to integrate knowledge and practical skills. This was demonstrated in the simulation activity that involved providing nursing interventions to Jenny, a leukemia patient. Jenny, a 10 year old girl had been diagnosed with leukemia. Six months after her diagnosis with leukemia, she suffered pneumonia that led to her hospitalization for 10 days, after which she was discharged home with home care support services and the palliative care team. During her hospitalization, she received treatment in which nursing interventions were adopted to address the underlying conditions, in order to improve the patient¿s health and quality of life. For instance, our group offered nursing care to Jenny including administering Ceftriaxone 650Mg BD IV during the simulation session. In this case scenario, several of theoretical perspectives were required. Therefore, this critical reflection will discuss four key theoretical perspectives: pathophysiology, relevant pharmacology, inter-professional roles in patient centered care, and psychosocial issues related to the case scenario, and demonstrate the relationship between theoretical concepts and clinical practice.

Research Paper (postgraduate) from the year 2018 in the subject Medicine - Anatomy, Physiology, Cytology, grade: 1, Egerton University, language: English, abstract: Apoptosis refers to a programmed cell death; a biological process in which the body of an organism destroys its cells for different reasons. In reality, apoptosis and necrosis involve different mechanisms, and this implies they are different. In addition, the changes that occur in the process of cell death are differing in terms of morphology and chemical composition.Evidence indicates that there are various factors that make cells commit suicide. In most cases, cells commit suicide due to imbalances between positive and negative signals that determine cell survival. Cells can consider committing suicide upon the recipient of negative signals.This research will provide a comprehensive overview of apoptosis. It will discuss mechanisms of apoptosis and the factors involved in the process. It will also explain the association between apoptosis.

Seminar paper from the year 2018 in the subject Medicine - Epidemiology, grade: 1, Egerton University, language: English, abstract: Gout and pseudogout are believed to the most prevalent crystal-induced arthropathies in humans. These disorders occur due to the deposition of crystals in the joints and soft tissues. This results into periarticular and articular inflammation and injury. Some of the most common crystals that are responsible for arthropathies such as gout and pseudogout include hydroxyapatite, monosodium urate (MSU), calcium oxalate and calcium pyrophosphate dehydrate (CPPD) (Rothschild, 2014). In practice, gout and pseudogout are relatively different despite the fact that they are crystal-induced arthropathies, and their difference can be explained by their definitions. Gout is defined as a crystal deposition disease that is characterized by the precipitation and super-saturation of monosodium urate (MSU) in tissues. This deposition of monosodium urate crystals causes inflammation of the joints and soft tissues, and this is attributable to tissue damage. Therefore, gout is characterized by sub-acute or acute attacks of joints or the inflammation of soft tissues resulting from the deposition of monosodium urate. The clinical course of gout involves an underlying metabolic aberrancy referred to as hyperuricemia which is defined as the serum urate level of more than 6.8 mg/dL (Al-Ashkar, 2010). On the other hand, pseudogout is defined as a clinical syndrome that resembles gout, and it is caused by the deposition of calcium pyrophosphate dehydrate crystals in soft tissues and joints, resulting into the inflammation and cartilage tissue damage. Therefore, the term pseudogout emanates from the nature of its clinical presentation in which acute attacks of the joints resembles those observed in gout (Al-Ashkar, 2010). However, it is worth noting that, in pseudogout, chondrocalcinosis is the most distinctive feature for the syndrome although some patients with chondrocalcinosis do not present with pseudogout. This seminar paper focuses on gout and pseudogout.

Seminar paper from the year 2018 in the subject Medicine - Epidemiology, grade: 1.1, Egerton University, language: English, abstract: Mosquitoes remain to be among the most amazing organisms in the universe. Evolutionary data reveals that mosquitoes have survived for more than 30 million years in which 3,500 species have evolved. Despite the large genetic diversity observed in mosquitoes, only a few species have been found to bother humans. Over the years, research on mosquitoes has enabled entomologists in identifying different mosquito taxonomic classes. However, the classification of mosquitoes has been surrounded by unprecedented controversy because new species are being discovered year-by-year. The latest mosquito species to be identified include the two mosquito species belonging to the Topomyia genus recently discovered in Sri Lanka and the invasive Aedes japonicas species discovered in Asia (Kampen & Werner 2014).According to the taxonomic classification, mosquitoes belong to the largest animal phylum; Arthropoda, and they are grouped in the Class: Insecta that comprises of other insects such as the flies. Down in the taxonomic classification, mosquitoes belong to the Order: Diptera and Family: Culicidae that comprise of various sub-families. At present, there are 43 known mosquito genera, which comprise of over 3,500 species (Rueda 2008). In addition, an extensive study has been conducted to generate a comprehensive understanding on the anatomy, physiology and ecological characteristics of mosquitoes. It is believed that the ecological characteristics of mosquitoes and physiology are responsible for the emerging health issues. Therefore, this research paper will give a comprehensive overview of the mosquito biology. It will discuss the anatomy, physiology and ecological characteristics of mosquitoes. It will also provide a concise overview on the mosquito-borne diseases.

Essay from the year 2018 in the subject Health - Public Health, grade: 1, Egerton University, language: English, abstract: Debates over ethical issues do not seem to end anytime soon. Over the past half century, ethical issues have been emerging in the global society, especially the industrialized world. For instance, the debate over the decriminalization of abortion and euthanasia has lingered around for quite too long without a consensus decision. On the other hand, the issue of gay marriages that emerge in 1970s remained surrounded by immense controversy until a few months ago when the US Supreme Court brought the issue to rest through upholding gay rights. Surprisingly, the termination of gay marriages debate did not seem to change the course of ethical phenomena among the global society. Recently, a new ethical issue emerged: the pay-as-you-weigh policy. This policy requires obese people to pay extra charge in the airlines. In retrospect, obesity is considered as an ethical issue and it has emerged to be a controversial subject. It is an ethical issue because it causes adverse consequences to obese individuals, as well as, the society. However, these factors do not seem to be part of the justification for the introduction of pay-as-you-weigh pricing in the aviation industry. Instead, the core argument by airline administrators and economists is that flying obese people increases fuel costs; thus, the so-called "fat-taxes" will address the issue of financial costs. Contrary to this perspective held within the aviation industry, environmentalists view obesity as an issue that has environmental cost. The increased fuel consumption by airplanes is believed to exacerbate climate change, primarily global warming due to increased greenhouse gas emissions. From these perspectives, it is apparent that obesity is a controversial issue. Therefore, this research will provide a comprehensive overview of the ethical issue of charging overweight people on airlines.

Seminar paper from the year 2018 in the subject Medicine - Medical Frontiers and Special Areas, Egerton University, language: English, abstract: Physician assisted suicide has become one of the most contentious ethical issues in the United States of America. The current debate over whether euthanasia (physician-assisted suicide) should be legalized or not has evoked unprecedented controversy in the society because in this practice seems to encompass some ethical problems. Interestingly, physician-assisted suicide seem to have been used as a useful medical approach over a long time, even before the emergence of the controversial debate that seems to be assuming divergent directions day-by-day. It is also amusing to learn that those who are involved in the physician-assisted debate are not the beneficiaries of the practice. Initially, the precepts of the physician-assisted suicide imply that a terminally ill individual can request for a painless termination of his or her life, solely out of the individual¿s wishes. In addition, relatives to the ailing individual can request for the termination of the life of their loved one to avoid unnecessary agony and suffering. Moreover, the decision to terminate the life of a terminally ill individual can be made by the physicians depending with the severity of the disease condition. All these precepts agree with the terms of euthanasia, which defines it as ¿easy death¿ according to the Greeks who called it euthanatos. Physician-assisted suicide issue has turned out to be an ethical dilemma among the U.S population because; there is no universal explanation which is provided by the popularly known normative theories. These theories address the issue of physician-assisted suicide from diverse perspectives, leading to the observed ethical conflict. The other aspect of the physician-assisted suicide lies within the medical ethics. Physicians seem to be tied up by the medical ethics especially through the Hippocratic Oath, and yet they are ought to facilitate the practice. Therefore, this critical paper discusses euthanasia and its ethics.

Seminar paper from the year 2017 in the subject Health - Public Health, grade: 1, Egerton University, language: English, abstract: This research paper provides a literature review of social anxiety disorder among teenagers. Indepth research has been carried out on social anxiety disorder etiology and progression of the disorder, symptoms, prevalence, co-morbidity, a method of intervention (therapy), treatment and prognosis, and how it affects patients, families, and society. A critical analysis of the literature review shows that social anxiety disorder is an impairing disorder thus requiring both psysiological and medical treatment for effective results. The risk factors of the disorder are genetic factors, biological factors, neurological factors, and parental factors. Its symptoms include excessive fear, negative self evaluation, worry, and behavioral avoidance. Research has shown that this disorder is more prevalent in girls than boys. If diagnosed, social anxiety disorder can be treated by both physiological therapies and medical treatments which must be go together for effective results.

Research Paper (postgraduate) from the year 2017 in the subject Health - Public Health, grade: 1, Egerton University, language: English, abstract: This research paper will provide an overview on Burkitt lymphoma disease and its pathophysiology. Burkitt lymphoma has become one of the most prevalent cancers in the past two decades in which the number of people with the disease has increased, especially in Africa. Research indicates that burkitt lymphoma has emerged to be the fastest growing tumor among humans. Burkitt lymphoma was identified in 1956 by Denis Burkitt, and it is one of the principal forms on non-Hodgkin¿s lymphoma, which affect immune cells. Epidemiological reports indicate that, Burkitt lymphoma is more prevalent in malaria endemic regions than other regions although it greatest impact is experienced in Africa where it affects children who are also experiencing episodes of malaria and Epstein-Barr viral infection. Epstein-Barr virus is believed to be the principal cause of infectious mononucleosis, which leads to the transformation of B-cells into tumor cells, especially following malaria episode which weakens the immune system. This is probably the reason as to why 98% of Burkitt lymphoma cases in Africa are linked to Epstein-Barr infection. Elsewhere in the U.S, the incidence of Burkitt lymphoma accounts for about 1,200 people annually in which 59% of all the patients diagnosed with the disease being adults above the age of 40 years. In Burkitt lymphoma, lymphocytes, primarily the B-cells of the immune system which are involved in cell-mediated immune response during pathogenic infections are affected. In most cases, the prevalence of the disease is enhanced by infections which weaken the immune system. For instance, malaria, Epstein-Barr viral infection and HIV are some of the diseases associated with a decrease of the immune system response. In addition, therapies which are immune-suppressive, especially those involved in organ transplantation to prevent transplant rejection and highly-active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) used for HIV/AIDS treatment facilitate the formation of cancerous B-cells. However, the physiology and anatomy of Burkitt lymphoma encompasses diverse aspects compared to other forms cancer.

Seminar paper from the year 2016 in the subject Health - Public Health, grade: 1, Egerton University, language: English, abstract: This research paper will provide an overview of the healthcare industry in the U.S and Canada. It will also provide a discussion on different aspects of these two healthcare systems, primarily with regard to the cost of healthcare in the two countries. Healthcare industry in America and Canada is believed to be one of the most sophisticated healthcare systems in the world, primarily in regard to healthcare sustainability and life expectancy of their populations. Ordinarily, healthcare systems in the U.S and Canada are experiencing related challenges. For instance, both systems are faced with an enormous public health challenges owing to the high incidence rates of non-communicable diseases such as obesity and its related health conditions which have increased the disease burden on healthcare systems. As a result, healthcare expenditure in the U.S and Canada has more than doubled in the past two decades owing to the unprecedented increase of healthcare costs. However, healthcare industry in the U.S and Canada differ significantly in terms of the forms of healthcare systems, styles of rationing healthcare, healthcare coverage and healthcare technologies adopted in the healthcare systems. Moreover, healthcare industry in the U.S and Canada manifest differences in regard to their impacts on the economy and healthcare policy reforms.

Master's Thesis from the year 2017 in the subject Biology - Diseases, Health, Nutrition, grade: 1, Egerton University (Public Health), language: English, abstract: Acrylamide has been found to be a biodegradable compound that exhibits high mobility in groundwater and soil. These characteristics are attributable to its physical and chemical characteristics including its high solubility in water and organic solvents such as ethanol and acetone. Clinical studies indicate that acrylamide forms glycidamide as the principal metabolite in animals. In humans, acrylamide and glycidamide are known to form adducts with most proteins including glutathione, and they are eliminated from the body through the renal system which serves as the primary route of acrylamide excretion. In the past decade, acrylamide has attracted immense attention from food agencies after it was found to be formed naturally in most carbohydrate-rich foods; thus, raising health concerns. The results obtained from epidemiological studies show that dietary acrylamide causes toxicity, and it is a potent carcinogen. Therefore, mitigation approaches have been designed including the reduction of acrylamide precursors in potatoes and controlling processing conditions.

Scientific Essay from the year 2017 in the subject Health - Public Health, grade: 1, Egerton University (Public Health), course: Infection Control, language: English, abstract: Hand hygiene has emerged as the only single strategy that has the potential for reducing hospital-acquired infections. Evidence indicates that hospital-acquired infections pose an immense hazard for patients within the hospital environment, and healthcare workers, including nurses are involved in the transmission of these infections. This explains why health organizations such as WHO, The Joint Commission and Centers for Disease Control have embarked on spearheading education and awareness on hand hygiene. Despite these efforts, evidence indicates that healthcare workers continue to exhibit low levels of hand hygiene compliance. Therefore, this essay will demonstrate how nurses can assume a leadership role within the hospital settings in accordance with the health safety standards (National Safety and Quality Health Services) as outlined by the Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care [ACSQHC]. It will be discussed how nurses can adopt hand hygiene strategies to improve compliance to the national hand hygiene initiative in the wards as one of the key approaches for preventing and controlling hospital-acquired infections.

Essay from the year 2007 in the subject Sociology - Children and Youth, grade: 1, Egerton University (BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR SCIENCE), course: BIOCHEMISTRY, language: English, abstract: Childhood obesity is seemingly becoming an enormous epidemiological challenge to the global healthcare system. In the past decade, prevalence rates of childhood obesity have assumed upward trends, in which developed countries record the highest percentages of obese and overweight children. However, prevalence rates in developing countries are increasing at a slow phase but, the overall obese children population remains relatively low. Therefore, this research paper will give an overview of the correlation between Socioeconomic Status and childhood obesity. Although there are many factors that put children at risk for childhood obesity, Social Economic Status seems to affect all risk factors that are responsible for the increase in childhood obesity.

Academic Paper from the year 2017 in the subject Health - Public Health, grade: 2, Egerton University, language: English, abstract: High density living is defined as 30 or more dwelling per hectare and embraces units, flats, terraces, townhouses and villas. Additionally, high density living also refers to apartment units in residential blocks of four or more storey. Majority of high density units do not have their own playing ground and share common facilities such as entrance foyers and stairwells. Urban High density living has been considered as one of the core strategies in managing urban growth. In Australia, high density is considered as a vital strategy in managing the urban growth and reducing the negative impact of urban sprawl.In recent times, cities such as Sydney, Perth, Melbourne and Brisbane have been epitomized by growth in the construction of high rise apartments. Many young people prefer these kinds of dwelling since they offer advantages of location with proximity to education, jobs and other services. Various researchers points out that high density living has positive impacts such as efficient usage of land, enhanced social interaction and reduced reliance on automobiles. However, this form of living has also drawn criticism due to noise, overcrowding and limited space. The draft Metropolitan Strategy for Sydney 2031 points out that the populations will reach 1.1 million by the years 2031 hence more houses will be required. Therefore, this discussion paper provides a focused analysis of Sydney as a model city for high density living, a solution to urban sprawl.

Document from the year 2018 in the subject Medicine - Hospital Environment, Clinical Medicine, grade: 1, Egerton University, language: English, abstract: This research paper provides a focused discussion on leadership, qualities of a leader, today¿s workforce leadership challenges, and outcomes of good/bad leadership in a healthcare organization. Leadership seems to have become a powerful tool in organizational management. This is attributable to the notion that leaders, rather than managers have significant influences in legitimate organizations. According to Bertocci (2009), one of the key reasons why leadership has become an integral element in recent years is because of the evolving nature of the business world which has become more competitive, more global and more volatile. It is also apparent that organizations are increasingly becoming technologically complex; thus, demanding a high level of expert power. Given the evolving nature of today¿s workplace environment and dynamics in the business world, it is explicit that leadership enhances organizational effectiveness through improving production, flexibility, competitiveness, quality, efficiency, satisfaction, and development.This is consistent with the opinion held by social scientists and organizational management experts who believe that effective leadership results into a level of order and consistency to the profitability, as well as quality of products and services. On the other hand, Lunenburg (2012) observes that a true leader promotes organizational effectiveness through influencing others and modifying their behavior. In retrospect, leadership has not been a complex task, but the evolving workplace environment due to changes in organizational structure and design are increasingly driving evolution in leadership. In order to cope with the current organizational change, it is believed that effective leadership is essential for organizational survival.

Document from the year 2018 in the subject Medicine - Pathology, grade: 1, Egerton University, language: English, abstract: Hormones play integral biological roles in the body, primarily the regulation of body functions. Scientific research indicates that hormones regulate a range of body functions such as reproduction, metabolism, electrolyte balance, as well as, growth and development. As such, the endocrine system is considered supreme in the regulation of biological processes of the body. Biologically, the endocrine system maintains effective communication among various body organs. This communication ensures homeostasis processes are maintained at constant levels, as well as, enabling the body to respond to changes in the external environment. From anatomical perspective, the endocrine system comprises of glands that are located at different regions of the body, which release hormones. The main components of the endocrine system are the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, adrenal glands, pancreas, and the gonads. These glands release hormones through various regulatory hormonal cascades including the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroidal (HPT) axis. As such, any disturbances in the regulatory hormonal cascades results into devastating medical conditions. For instance, disturbances in the HPA axis, primarily excessive release of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) results into Cushing¿s syndrome. Cushing¿s syndrome, also known as hypercortisolism is a disorder of the endocrine system that is characterized by excess release of cortisol. Cortisol plays various regulatory functions in all organs and tissues in the body; thus, Cushing¿s syndrome affects the entire body. Epidemiological data shows that Cushing¿s syndrome affects 10-15 per million people, annually. Therefore, this research paper will provide a comprehensive overview of Cushing¿s syndrome. It will discuss the underlying pathology, symptoms, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of the disorder.