Bøger af Paul Christesen

This book offers a new reading of one of the most important inscriptions from ancient Sparta, the Damonon stele. That inscription records victories that two Spartans, Damonon and his son Enymakratidas, won in the late fifth century BCE in equestrian and athletic competitions at religious festivals in and around Sparta. Scholars have repeatedly turned their attention to the Damonon stele because it offers invaluable insight into multiple facets of Spartan society. The inscription is commonly understood as cataloging dozens of victories won in the four-horse chariot race as well as other victories won in the horse-race and in footraces of various lengths. Careful study of the wording and structure of the inscription and relevant comparanda suggests that the most of Damonon's victories were actually won in the kalpe, a contest for mares in which the rider dismounted and ran alongside his horse in the final part of the race. Three fragmentary terracotta votive plaques found in the excavations at the shrine of Agamemnon and Alexandra at Amyklai show that the competitions in the kalpe were held near Sparta in Damonon's time. The re-interpretation of the Damonon stele proposed here has important ramifications, along multiple axes, for our understanding of both ancient Greek horse-racing and ancient Lakedaimon. Among other things, we are given a rare glimpse of the Lakedaimonian state at work. We see a Lakedaimon that is evolving rapidly in response to emergent military imperatives and Lakedaimonians who are ready, willing, and able to make swift, well-designed changes to the structure of religious festivals, and to manipulate gender expectations, in order to alter the structure of status competition and patterns of conspicuous consumption. Those changes, and the thought processes behind them, reveal a considerable level of complexity in Lakedaimonian thinking about their own social and political institutions and customs. That would not be surprising if manifested in Athens, but it contrasts sharply with the persistent picture of Lakedaimonians as unsophisticated and of Lakedaimon as a staid, conservative place with a static sociopolitical system. Indeed, the capacity of the Lakedaimonian state to make rapid, incremental changes that were in harmony with the overall structure of its sociopolitical system may well have been a key element in Lakedaimon's unusual stability.

Nach langer Pause liegt nun wieder ein Band des internationalen Periodikums Nikephoros. Zeitschrift für Sport und Kultur im Altertum vor, das von jetzt an wieder jährlich erscheinen soll.Die im Jahr 1988 von Wolfgang Decker, Joachim Ebert und Ingomar Weiler begründete Zeitschrift, die sich mit Sport in seinen verschiedensten Ausprägungen sowie seiner Einbettung in Religion, Kultur, Politik und Alltagsleben beschäftigt, ist inhaltlich nicht auf das sogenannte Klassische Altertum beschränkt, sondern behandelt auch sportliche und verwandte Phänomene im Bereich der Ur- und Frühgeschichte, der Altorientalistik, der Ägyptologie und der Byzantinistik sowie deren Rezeptionsgeschichte. Aber auch Beiträge zu anderen frühen Hochkulturen, zum Beispiel dem alten China oder den altamerikanischen Kulturen, sowie ethnologische Arbeiten werden aufgenommen.

This book explores the relationship between sport and democratization. Drawing on sociological and historical methodologies, it provides a framework for understanding how sport affects the level of egalitarianism in the society in which it is played. The author distinguishes between horizontal sport, which embodies and fosters egalitarian relations, and vertical sport, which embodies and fosters hierarchical relations. Christesen also differentiates between societies in which sport is played and watched on a mass scale and those in which it is an ancillary activity. Using ancient Greece and nineteenth-century Britain as case studies, Christesen analyzes how these variables interact and finds that horizontal mass sport has the capacity to both promote and inhibit democratization at a societal level. He concludes that horizontal mass sport tends to reinforce and extend democratization.

This book is a comprehensive examination of Olympic victor lists. The origins, development, content, and structure of Olympic victor lists are explored and explained, and a number of important questions, such as the source and reliability of the year of 776 for the first Olympics, are addressed. Olympic victor lists emerge as a clearly defined type of literature that is best understood as a group of closely related texts. This book offers a fresh perspective on works by familiar writers such as Diodorus Siculus and a sense of the potential importance of less-well-known authors such as Phlegon of Tralleis.