Bøger af Rui Diogo

In this book Diogo, a renowned biologist and anthropologist, addresses a question that is critical for the understanding of science, beliefs, idolization, systemic racism and sexism, and our societies in general: why has Darwin been idolized in such a unique way, particularly by Western scholars? Diogo shows that many evolutionary 'facts' stated in Darwin's works, particularly about human evolution, are inaccurate constructions based on Victorian biases and stereotypes: non-Europeans are inferior, women have a lower intelligence than men, Victorian society was the pinnacle of evolution, and so on. Importantly, such inaccurate biased statements about our evolution are markedly in contrast with the mostly accurate, and often brilliant, ideas put forward by Darwin concerning non-human organisms. Importantly, it was precisely the combination of such brilliant ideas, the use of simplistic and sometimes exaggerated metaphors that were catchy and easily absorbed by the general public, and Darwin's intellectual conservatism and biased ideas about women and non-European peoples that led to Darwin's idolization, particularly by Western scientists, as well as to the darkest societal repercussions of his works. By portraying such biased ideas as "evolutionary facts", Darwin provided easy ammunition for populist political leaders, authoritarians, colonialists, and white supremacists to 'scientifically' defend social hierarchies, sexism, racism, discrimination, oppression, and segregation. A typical argument used to defend Darwin from portraying such erroneous sexist and racist ideas as "facts" is that 'back then' everybody was racist and sexist. Diogo deconstructs this argument by providing enthralling case studies and travel descriptions by authors such as Wallace and Humboldt, who often praised the indigenous peoples that repulsed - and criticized the social hierarchies and Western imperialism that marveled - Darwin. The aim of this book is therefore not to 'cancel' Darwin orargue that he was always wrong: not at all, in general he was an extraordinary biologist, but was a much less successful anthropologist due in great part to his Victorian biases. Instead, the book discusses Darwin's writings, ideas, and their repercussions in a broader way, without taboos, omissions, idolization or demonization in order to show Darwin, and science in general, in all their complexity. This is because, if we fail to acknowledge and emphasize the biases, prejudices, inaccuracies, and abuses of our past, and merely continue to blindly idealize it, our kids will be condemned to undertake or suffer similar societal abuses in the future.

This book is the first photographic and descriptive musculoskeletal atlas of Hylobates, and adopts the same format as the photographic atlas of Gorilla published by the same authors in 2010. These two books are part of a series of monographs that will set out the comparative and phylogenetic context of the gross anatomy and evolutionary history of the soft tissue morphology of modern humans and their closest relatives. This atlas, which includes detailed high-quality photographs of musculoskeletal structures from most anatomical regions of the body as well as textual information about the attachments, innervation and weight of the respective muscles, is based on dissections and on an extensive review of the literature.

The atlas, which includes detailed high-quality photographs of musculoskeletal structures from most anatomical regions of the body as well as textual information about the attachments, innervation, function and weight of the respective muscles, is based on dissections of up to 12 chimpanzees and on an extensive review of the literature. It provides an updated review of the anatomical variations within chimpanzees as well as an extensive list of the synonyms used in the literature.

The first photographic and descriptive musculoskeletal atlas of the genus Pongo, this book includes high-quality photographs of musculoskeletal structures and an extensive review of the literature. It covers the anatomical variations within orangutans and an extensive list of the synonyms used in the literature to designate the structures discussed. It will be of interest to students, teachers and researchers studying primatology, comparative anatomy, functional morphology, zoology, and physical anthropology and to medical students, doctors and researchers who are curious about the origin, evolution, homology and variations of the musculoskeletal structures of modern humans.

The first of its kind, this groundbreaking book utilizes data previously obtained to research the evolution of primates and applies it to humans. Completely unique in perspective, it analyzes the anatomy of the human body and its variations and defects and explores both their medical implications and their applications in an evolutionary-developmental (evo-devo) context. It specifically addresses both muscular and skeletal birth defects in human trisomy, and contains a detailed discussion of Down syndrome, one of the most studied human syndromes.

Our tendency to wonder "why" life is as it is and what its "purpose" isΓÇöoften considered to be among the most noble features of human evolution and humanityΓÇöis in reality profoundly linked with some of the darker moments in our history, including animal abuse, colonialism, and the rise of racism and the eugenetics that culminated in the Second World War. In order to try to avoid the continuation of such dark events and pave the way for a more rational, accurate, and less-biased understanding about life and our day-to-day, we must reframe our questioning. Once we grasp that there is no ultimate purpose or master plan for the existence of inanimate objects or biological organisms and the way they live, ΓÇ£whyΓÇ¥ questions lose importance. Instead, investigations into natural events such as the occurrence of earthquakes and wonders such as the flying of birds should be framed with "how" questions: how did the earthquake occur and how did the current behavior of organisms evolve?Integrating information from diverse scientific fields, this book argues against the widely accepted idea that wonder in the purpose of life constitutes one of the noblest human qualities. As such, its arguments are intended for biologists, historians and philosophers of science alike. Students, teachers, and researchers of any scientific field, as well as all those who are fascinated by questions about their daily inner-lives and their "cosmic purpose" will be intrigued by unique discussions into themes like racism, colonialism, and eugenics.

The book has an appeal to researchers, students, teachers, and those with an interest in the history and philosophy of science, as well as to the broader public, as it brings life back into biology by emphasizing that organisms, including humans, are the key active players in evolution and thus in the future of life on this wonderful planet.

This book focuses on human anatomy and medicine and specifically on both muscular and skeletal birth defects in humans with trisomy. Moreover, this book also deals with Down syndrome, which is one of the most studied human syndromes and, due to its high incidence and the fact that individuals with this syndrome often live until adulthood, is of special interest to the scientific and medical community.This new line of inquiry is addressed to a wide audience, including medical researchers, physicians, surgeons, medical and dental students, pathologists, and pediatricians, among others, while also being of interest to developmental and evolutionary biologists, anatomists, functional morphologists, and zoologists.

The first photographic and descriptive musculoskeletal atlas of the genus Pongo, this book includes high-quality photographs of musculoskeletal structures and an extensive review of the literature. It covers the anatomical variations within orangutans and an extensive list of the synonyms used in the literature to designate the structures discussed. It will be of interest to students, teachers and researchers studying primatology, comparative anatomy, functional morphology, zoology, and physical anthropology and to medical students, doctors and researchers who are curious about the origin, evolution, homology and variations of the musculoskeletal structures of modern humans.

This work aims to help clarify the interrelationships of catfish, with major implications for the study of the general evolution of these fish. A large part of the work deals with a cladistic analysis of catfish higher-level phylogeny, based on extensive morphological data.

This book is the first photographic and descriptive musculoskeletal atlas of Hylobates, and adopts the same format as the photographic atlas of Gorilla published by the same authors in 2010. These two books are part of a series of monographs that will set out the comparative and phylogenetic context of the gross anatomy and evolutionary history of the soft tissue morphology of modern humans and their closest relatives. This atlas, which includes detailed high-quality photographs of musculoskeletal structures from most anatomical regions of the body as well as textual information about the attachments, innervation and weight of the respective muscles, is based on dissections and on an extensive review of the literature. It provides an updated review of the anatomical variations within hylobatids as well as an extensive list of the synonyms used in the literature to designate the structures we discuss. The atlas will be of interest to students, teachers and researchers studying primatology, comparative anatomy, functional morphology, zoology, and physical anthropology and to medical students, doctors and researchers who are curious about the origin, evolution, homology and variations of the musculoskeletal structures of modern humans.