Bøger af Saba Khan

Personality traits and their influence on sleep disorders have been the subject of extensive research and clinical investigation, shedding light on the intricate relationship between one's psychological characteristics and the quality of their sleep. Individuals with specific personality traits, such as high neuroticism or perfectionism, are often more susceptible to various sleep disorders. For instance, individuals with high neuroticism tend to experience heightened levels of anxiety and emotional instability, which can lead to conditions like insomnia. On the other hand, perfectionism, characterized by a relentless pursuit of high standards and fear of failure, can manifest in individuals who are prone to developing sleep-related issues, particularly in the form of delayed sleep onset due to an overactive mind. In contrast, individuals with extraverted personalities may experience fewer sleep disturbances as their outgoing and sociable nature often leads to a more relaxed disposition, promoting better sleep quality. Additionally, research has explored the impact of personality disorders, such as borderline personality disorder or obsessive-compulsive personality disorder, on sleep patterns, revealing a heightened risk of sleep disturbances among these individuals. Moreover, the interplay of personality and sleep disorders is a two-way street, as chronic sleep deprivation can also influence one's personality traits, leading to increased neuroticism, emotional instability, and mood disorders. Recognizing the intricate interplay between personality and sleep disorders is essential for healthcare professionals to develop more personalized and effective treatment strategies, ultimately improving the overall well-being of patients grappling with these intertwined issues.

Immunology is the study of physilogical defences by which the body ie, the host , destroys & neutralizes foreign matter both living & non living. The latin " immunis " means free from burden, has provided the English term immunity. In biology the burden is disease, caused by virus, fungi, bacterias, protozoa, worm & toxins & the physiologic role of immune system is to keep this burden at bay. we are all born with some immunity and that the rest may be acquired during life. Some immune responses can be specific for a microbe, & they are learned & retained in a immunologic memory . The developmental history of immune system occurs at 2 levels- species level, called as phylogeny. & individual level, called as ontogeny. The first evidence of a vertebrate like immune system, called lymphoid system appeared in primitive vertebrates, the cyclostoma. The clonal se lection theory explains how vertebrate immune system specifically recognized millions of different antigens. Clonal selection theory states that each b cell clone synthesizes an antiboby with a unique antigen binding site.