Bøger af Stacy Dalton

Egypt is a land of ancient wonders. From the pyramids to the Sphinx, Egypt has been home to many great civilizations. It's also known for its temples and tombs.These ancient sites were not just places where people lived and worked; they were also places where people would worship their Gods to please them. The Egyptians believed that their gods lived in heaven on top of mountains or under oceans, so they built temples to bring them closer together with these gods."Heliopolis" is Greek, meaning "City of the Sun." the city of Heliopolis was the center of worship for the sun god, Ra. It was located in the Nile delta. The local name for this city was On or Iwn.In ancient times it was an important religious and educational center; it served as a significant temple to Ra and housed one of three Egyptian universities-the other was Memphis and Thinis-where students studied subjects like philosophy, astronomy, theology, and healing arts. The Valley of the Kings (or Theban Necropolis) is a valley in Egypt. It's where pharaohs were buried, so it's essential to the history of Egypt. There are over 60 tombs in this area, including several that have not been fully excavated yet. The Valley of the Kings is one of UNESCO's World Heritage Sites and is open to visitors daily!Memphis was the capital of Egypt during the Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, and the New Kingdom. During these periods, Memphis was also the religious center of ancient Egypt. Its importance can be attributed to its strategic position along important trade routes between Upper and Lower Egypt.The city was first established by Menes (Narmer), who united Upper and Lower Egypt into one kingdom around 3100 BCE. He chose the site due to its strategic location on a north-south trade route connecting Thebes with Avaris; it would later serve as an important center for foreign affairs in later years as well. The city flourished under various kings during this period-namely Ahmose I, who moved his capital from Thebes to Memphis after defeating Nubia during his reign (ca 1550-1525 BCE); Thutmose III, who expanded it further upon becoming king; Hatshepsut, who established temples there while building new ones at Deir el-Bahri; Rameses II whose temple complex included four obelisks weighing over 200 tons each; Ramses III who built another temple at Medinet Habu near Aswan where he inscribed texts detailing military campaigns against Corfu Island in Crete (modern-day Greece).In ancient times, the people would worship the Gods by building a temple. It was their way of showing that they loved and respected their gods. Temples were built in honor of the god related to that place. For example, a temple for Ra (sun god) will be built close to where there is plenty of sunlight so he can shine on his followers daily. Temples usually have columns around them but only from one side; this was done because the Egyptians believed that if they built it from all four sides, it would block out some of Ra's light which could anger him and make him hurt them or even kill them! The inside temples were made with beautiful decorations like paintings on walls showing what happens after death or statues made out of stone showing how someone looks when they die peacefully (hint: very old looking).The primary purpose for building these temples was because they served three primary purposes: worshiping your god(s), learning about them (libraries were often included), and performing rituals/prayers whenever you needed something important done quickly (for example, curing sicknesses).

Every morning, a fearful monster called apep lurked beneath the place of sunrise, ready to swallow up the solar disk. This "Great Devil" was impossible to destroy, even for the Sun-god. However, by reciting morning after morning the powerful spell that Thoth provided him with, he could paralyze all of Apep's limbs and rise upon this World. Since the "great gods," though benevolently inclined towards the dead, are unable to protect them from demons that lived upon "bodies, souls, spirits, shadows, and hearts of the dead," the Egyptians decided to invoke Thoth's assistance on behalf of their dead and to place them under the protection of his spells. Many funerary texts were composed by Egyptian theologians under the fourth dynasty (about 3700 B.C.) and were probably well known under the first dynasty and throughout the whole Period of dynastic history; Thoth was thought to be the author of the "Book of the Dead."

The 18th, 19th, and first 20th Dynasties guided Egypt to its climax of power. Still, throughout the latter portion of the 20th Dynasty (identified as the Ramessid Age), that influence began to decline as the priests of Amun obtained more unimaginable resources and authority, and the situation of the pharaohs depreciated. The temple's capacity can best recognize the Cult of Amun's capability to the God at Karnak, which each new Kingdom leader added to. By the New Kingdom's conclusion, over 80,000 priests were contracted by the temple at Thebes solely, not including other cities in multiple regions. The most important of these ministers were more valuable and controlled more land than the pharaoh.

The Middle Kingdom (2040-1782 BCE) is viewed as antiquated Egypt's Classical Age, during which the way of life delivered a portion of its most major show-stoppers and writing. Researchers stay partitioned on which lines comprise the Middle Kingdom of Egypt, with some contending for the last 50% of the eleventh through the twelfth, some the twelfth to fourteenth, and some the twelfth and thirteenth. The twelfth Dynasty is frequently referred to as the start because of the huge improvement in artistry and engineering. Nevertheless, these advancements were just conceivable due to the soundness the eleventh Dynasty got for the country. The most usually acknowledged dates for the Middle Kingdom, at that point, are 2040-1782 BCE, which incorporate the last piece of the eleventh Dynasty through the center of the thirteenth Dynasty. The thirteenth Dynasty was never just about as incredible or steady as the twelfth. It permitted a foreign people known as the Hyksos to acquire power in Lower Egypt, which in the long run developed further enough to challenge the authority of the thirteenth Dynasty and usher in the time known as the Second Intermediate Period of Egypt (c. 1782-c.1570 BCE).

The Old Kingdom of Egypt (circa 2613-2181 BC) is otherwise called the 'Age of the Pyramids' or 'Age of the Pyramid Builders' as it incorporated the great fourth Dynasty when King Sneferu idealized the craft of pyramid building, and the pyramids of Giza were developed under the rulers Khufu, Khafre, and Menkaure. The verifiable records of this period, the fourth, sixth Dynasties of Egypt, are scant, and antiquarians respect the historical backdrop of the time as in a real sense 'written in stone' and generally compositional in that it is through the landmarks and their engravings that researchers have had the option to develop a set of experiences. The actual pyramids transfer sparse data on their developers. However, the morgue sanctuaries fabricated close by, and the stelae which went with them give the ruler's names and other significant data.